svn命令通常都有帮助,如果你不知道命令怎么用,可以很方便获取帮助信息。比如有一个命令svn,但是不知道它有哪些子命令,可通过如下方式查询: $ svn help 知道了子命令,但是不知道子命令的用法,还可以查询: $ svn help add 另外,可能你需要设置svn commit的message编辑器,这可以通过定义环境变量SVN_EDITOR或者VISUAL或者EDITOR处理,比如: $ export SVN_EDITOR=/bin/vi 本文以https来存取版本库,其他方式(比如file:///, svn://, http://, svn+ssh://等)操作基本是一样的。 开发人员常用命令 (1) 导入项目 $ cd ~/project $ mkdir -p svntest/{trunk,branches,tags} $ svn import svntest https://localhost/test/svntest --message "Start project" ... $ rm -rf svntest 我们新建一个项目svntest,在该项目下新建三个子目录:trunk,开发主干;branches,开发分支;tags,开发阶段性标签。然后导入到版本库test下,然后把svntest拿掉。 (2) 导出项目 $ svn checkout https://localhost/test/svntest/trunk 修订版本号的指定方式是每个开发人员必须了解的,以下是几个参考例子,说明可参考svn推荐书。 $ svn diff --revision PREV:COMMITTED foo.c # shows the last change committed to foo.c $ svn log --revision HEAD # shows log message for the latest repository commit $ svn diff --revision HEAD # compares your working file (with local changes) to the latest version # in the repository $ svn diff --revision BASE:HEAD foo.c # compares your “pristine” foo.c (no local changes) with the # latest version in the repository $ svn log --revision BASE:HEAD # shows all commit logs since you last updated $ svn update --revision PREV foo.c # rewinds the last change on foo.c # (foo.c‘s working revision is decreased) $ svn checkout --revision 3 # specified with revision number $ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17} $ svn checkout --revision {15:30} $ svn checkout --revision {15:30:00.200000} $ svn checkout --revision {"2002-02-17 15:30"} $ svn checkout --revision {"2002-02-17 15:30 +0230"} $ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17T15:30} $ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17T15:30Z} $ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17T15:30-04:00} $ svn checkout --revision {20020217T1530} $ svn checkout --revision {20020217T1530Z} $ svn checkout --revision {20020217T1530-0500} (3) 日常指令 $ svn update $ svn add foo.file $ svn add foo1.dir $ svn add foo2.dir --non-recursive $ svn delete README $ svn copy foo bar $ svn move foo1 bar1 $ svn status $ svn status --verbose $ svn status --verbose --show-updates $ svn status stuff/fox.c $ svn diff $ svn diff > patchfile $ svn revert README $ svn revert 修改冲突发生时,会生成三个文件:.mine, .rOLDREV, .rNEWREV。比如: $ ls -l sandwich.txt sandwich.txt.mine sandwich.txt.r1 sandwich.txt.r2 解决修改冲突方式之一:修改冲突的文件sandwich.txt,然后运行命令: $ svn resolved sandwich.txt 方式之二:用库里的新版本覆盖你的修改: $ cp sandwich.txt.r2 sandwich.txt $ svn resolved sandwich.txt 方式之三:撤销你的修改,这种方式不需要运行resolved子命令: $ svn revert sandwich.txt Reverted ‘sandwich.txt‘ $ ls sandwich.* sandwich.txt 确保没问题后,就可以提交了。 $ svn commit --message "Correct some fatal problems" $ svn commit --file logmsg $ svn commit (4) 检验版本历史 $ svn log $ svn log --revision 5:19 $ svn log foo.c $ svn log -r 8 -v $ svn diff $ svn diff --revision 3 rules.txt $ svn diff --revision 2:3 rules.txt $ svn diff --revision 4:5 http://svn./repos/example/trunk/text/rules.txt $ svn cat --revision 2 rules.txt $ svn cat --revision 2 rules.txt > rules.txt.v2 $ svn list http://svn./repos/svn $ svn list --verbose http://svn./repos/svn $ svn checkout --revision 1729 # Checks out a new working copy at r1729 … $ svn update --revision 1729 # Updates an existing working copy to r1729 … (5) 其他有用的命令 svn cleanup 为失败的事务清场。 (6) 分支和合并 建立分支方法一:先checkout然后做拷贝,最后提交拷贝。 $ svn checkout http://svn./repos/calc bigwc A bigwc/trunk/ A bigwc/trunk/Makefile A bigwc/trunk/integer.c A bigwc/trunk/button.c A bigwc/branches/ Checked out revision 340. $ cd bigwc $ svn copy trunk branches/my-calc-branch $ svn status A + branches/my-calc-branch $ svn commit -m "Creating a private branch of /calc/trunk." Adding branches/my-calc-branch Committed revision 341. 建立分支方法二:直接远程拷贝。 $ svn copy http://svn./repos/calc/trunk http://svn./repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch -m "Creating a private branch of /calc/trunk." Committed revision 341. 建立分支后,你可以把分支checkout并继续你的开发。 $ svn checkout http://svn./repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch 假设你已经checkout了主干,现在想切换到某个分支开发,可做如下的操作: $ cd calc $ svn info | grep URL URL: http://svn./repos/calc/trunk $ svn switch http://svn./repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch U integer.c U button.c U Makefile Updated to revision 341. $ svn info | grep URL URL: http://svn./repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch 合并文件的命令参考: $ svn diff -r 343:344 http://svn./repos/calc/trunk $ svn merge -r 343:344 http://svn./repos/calc/trunk $ svn commit -m "integer.c: ported r344 (spelling fixes) from trunk." $ svn merge -r 343:344 http://svn./repos/calc/trunk my-calc-branch $ svn merge http://svn./repos/branch1@150 http://svn./repos/branch2@212 my-working-copy $ svn merge -r 100:200 http://svn./repos/trunk my-working-copy $ svn merge -r 100:200 http://svn./repos/trunk $ svn merge --dry-run -r 343:344 http://svn./repos/calc/trunk 最后一条命令仅仅做合并测试,并不执行合并操作。 建立标签和建立分支没什么区别,不过是拷贝到不同的目录而已。 $ svn copy http://svn./repos/calc/trunk http://svn./repos/calc/tags/release-1.0 -m "Tagging the 1.0 release of the ‘calc‘ project." $ ls my-working-copy/ $ svn copy my-working-copy http://svn./repos/calc/tags/mytag Committed revision 352. 后一种方式直接把本地的工作拷贝复制为标签。 此外,你还可以删除某个分支。 $ svn delete http://svn./repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch -m "Removing obsolete branch of calc project." 管理人员常用命令 (7) 版本库管理 $ svnadmin help ... $ svnadmin help create ... $ svnadmin create --fs-type bdb /usr/local/repository/svn/test $ chown -R svn.svn /usr/local/repository/svn/test 建立版本库,库类型为bdb(使用Berkeley DB做仓库),库名称为test。 (8) 查询版本库信息 $ svnlook help ... $ svnlook help tree ... $ svnlook tree /usr/local/repository/svn/test --show-ids ... 更详细的命令,请参考SVN官方推荐的书(http://svnbook./)。这本书有中译版,而且是免费的。 |
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