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Tags: oracle | ubuntu
Why Oracle 10g on Ubuntu...?
Oracle doesn't officially currently support its database on Ubuntu.
However, I think that Ubuntu, especially the current release (09.10 :
Karmic) is a great development platform. At my place of work there is a
small development dept all busily developing and all using Ubuntu as
the development platform of choice. The system we support uses Oracle
10g as its database. It followed that if we are to work productively
then we needed some way of installing Oracle on Ubuntu. This guide is the result of lots of trial, error and spending time figuring out the best way to install Oracle 10g on Ubuntu.
Since Oracle doesn't support Ubuntu, installing Oracle in this way
on a Production machine is very unwise. Its also even more unwise if
you notice that I leave many of the defaults alone and use easily
guessable passwords. However, when we deploy onto Production systems
these defaults are close enough that we can deliver meaningful work
without having to get a Sun server for the office. It also means we can
all have our our installation of Oracle on our machines. Since its
local the response time is very fast. And since no-one else is using
the same Oracle install we can restart as many times as we want to...
Obviously if you think differently and install Oracle based Ubuntu
into a production environment and it all goes horribly wrong you have
only yourself to blame. I will not accept liability for your
company going out of business because of this guide...! NB: If you are
running 64-bit Ubuntu then you will need to follow the sections marked
out for 64-bit Users.
Disclaimer: This has been adapted from many blogs, forums and other
websites. If you see a bit of text that you think has been lifted from
your blog entry, forum post or other waffling it probably might of.
Please let me know and I will change. However no stealing of copyright
is meant...!
This guide will take about two hours to complete, not including the
time to download the file from Oracle. To fully install Oracle budget
at least a morning or afternoon. The install is usually straight
forward, but can throw up unexpected problems...!
Download
You will first need to download the installation file from Oracle.
For 32-bit Ubuntu use "10g Release 2 Enteprise Edition for the Linux
x86 architecture" and for 64-bit Ubuntu use "Oracle Database 10g
Release 2 (10.2.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64". You will then either get
10201_database_linux32.zip or 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz depending on your choice. Put this somewhere handy...
Install Libs
sudo apt-get install gcc libaio1 lesstif2 lesstif2-dev make rpm libc6 sun-java6-jre
For 64 Bit Ubuntu...
sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib libc6-dev-i386 libc6-dev-i386 libc6-i386 ia32-libs
(This avoids an compilation error because Oracle has mixed and
matched 32-bit and 64-bit libraries. The Exception is "Error in
invoking target 'install' of makefile '/oracle/10g/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk"
and the compiler will have the following error :
/usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /lib/libpthread.so.0 when searching for /lib/libpthread.so.0
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find /lib/libpthread.so.0
Installing gcc-multilib, etc appears to avoid this)
Install libstdc++5
With Ubuntu 09.10 this is no longer included in
the Packages. (If you are not on Karmic, install it via Synaptic.)
Install as follows:
wget "http://mirrors./ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gcc-3.3/libstdc++5_3.3.6-17ubuntu1_i386.deb"
ar vx libstdc++5_3.3.6-17ubuntu1_i386.deb
tar zxvf data.tar.gz
file usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5.0.7
sudo install usr/lib/libstdc++.so.5.0.7 /usr/lib32/
cd /usr/lib32
sudo ln -s libstdc++.so.5.0.7 libstdc++.so.5
cd /usr/lib
sudo ln -s /usr/lib32/libstdc++.so.5
For 64 Bit Users
This is the same apart from using the following first two steps:
wget "http://de.archive./ubuntu/pool/universe/g/gcc-3.3/libstdc++5_3.3.6-17ubuntu1_amd64.deb"
ar vx libstdc++5_3.3.6-17ubuntu1_amd64.deb
Add user/groups
sudo groupadd oinstall
sudo groupadd dba
sudo groupadd nobody
sudo useradd -m oracle -g oinstall -G dba
sudo passwd oracle
Set the password to oracle... Remember to change this to something
else afterwards and never leave it like this on a public facing server.
(And why are you letting an Oracle Server be public facing...?). If
you will be running this on your own machine don't forget to add
yourself to the oinstall group. This will allow you to use sqlldr and
sqlplus from the same install for development and debugging...!
Update Kernel Parameters
sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf
Add:
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
And reload with:
sudo /sbin/sysctl -p
Change Limits
sudo gedit /etc/security/limits.conf
Add the following to the end
* soft nproc 2047
* hard nproc 16384
* soft nofile 1024
* hard nofile 65536
Suse-ise the Environment
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm
sudo ln -s /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib/libgcc_s.so
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename
sudo mkdir /oracle
sudo mkdir /oracle/10g
sudo chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
sudo chmod -R 775 /oracle
Update default profile
sudo gedit /etc/profile
Add the following to the end:
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/10g
export ORACLE_SID=orcl10
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
Double check...
su - oracle
echo $ORACLE_BASE
echo $ORACLE_HOME
exit
Redhat-ise Ubuntu
sudo gedit /etc/redhat-release
Add this :
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 3 (Taroon)
Unpack the Downloaded File
Go to where you put the downloaded file and...
mkdir oracle_install
cp 10201_database_linux32.zip oracle_install/
unzip 10201_database_linux32.zip
For 64 Bit Users
mkdir oracle_install
cp 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz oracle_install/
gunzip 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz
cpio -id < 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio
The unzipping operation creates a subdirectory. Make this available to the Oracle user:
cd ..
sudo chown -R oracle:oinstall oracle_install/
At this point you are ready to start installing Oracle...!
Run the Graphical Installer
To initiate the installation, you'll have to log right out of the
system, and log in directly as the oracle user (alternatively, you can
fiddle around with DISPLAY environment variables, but logging off and
back on again is simpler and less prone to making mistakes!). See also http:///blog/setting-up-xdmcp-on-karmic-koala-ubuntu-0910.html
To do this try:
gdmflexiserver --xnest
(NB: if you get authority errors then you need to make sure you have
a fresh terminal window, and can this can attach application to the
local screen. If problems persist, then make sure that the Remote Login
for is enabled under System -> Administration -> Login Window )
Log into this window, and then...
cd to the location of the zip file
/home/oracle/database/runInstaller
It may take a while for the install to come up...
Un-tick the "Create Starter Database option", and keep hitting next.
The install takes about 10 mins on a typical machine and typical
rest-load.
NB: You will get an error regarding the target "collector"
of makefile '/oracle/10g/sysman/lib/ins_emdb.mk' . This can be ignored
as we will not be using this function. (Its used by Oracle to check
data on Oracle. Since Karmic isn't a supported o/s this can be
ignored...)
This error is identified by "/usr/bin/ld: i386 architecture of input
file `/oracle/10g/sysman/lib/snmccolm.o' is incompatible with
i386:x86-64 output" in the make log.
You will then be asked to run at least one (usually two) scripts as root. Do so... These can be run by "sudo" if you prefer.
When all this finished Oracle has been installed. Woo...! Hoo...! But there's still a way to go...!
Creating A Listener For the New DB
It's not a requirement to create a Listener before you create a
database, but it's a good idea to do so. A Listener is a process which
listens on a well-known port for requests from remote users seeking to
connect to the Oracle database. Without one, therefore, you'd only ever
be able to connect to the database whilst directly logged onto the
server itself, which is obviously a bit of a show-stopper!
To create a Listener, we use the Network Configuration Assistant. To
invoke the Assistant, just issue the command netca (should be in path)
as the oracle user in a new terminal session. Press "Next" to accept
the defaults. After a bit you will get to "Finish" which is where you
want to finish.
netca
Creating a Database
First, find out the id of the oinstall group. You can find this from
looking in System -> Admin -> Users and Groups -> Manage
Groups. Alternatively, use:
cat /etc/group | grep oinstall
NB: The oinstall Group Id should be 1002 or
similar. If the User/Group Applet is giving "0" then try double
checking the Properties of the group. I've noticed that the
Users/Groups Applet can be unreliable...
Then, as root, perform the following command. (NB: This can't be performed by sudo, you must be root)
echo "<dba_group_gid>" > /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group
This allows the oinstall group access to hugetlbpages. Without this you will get error "ORA-27125: unable to create shared memory segment" when setting up the database.
Run the Database Configuration Assistant, or DBCA for short. You will need to be the Oracle user you set up earlier.
dbca
This is not a difficult thing to do: mostly, in our case, it
involves clicking "Next" to walk through the wizard, accepting all
defaults. You will be prompted when you actually need to enter
something.
Just be sure to specify the correct database name (it should match
what is set as your ORACLE_SID, but with a proper domain extension. By
default the ORACLE_SID is orcl10, and can be found out by running the
oraenv command in the oracle bin directory...
Use the password "oracle" for the password and write down the values it spits out at the end...!
NB: If you get a "ORA-12547- Lost Contact" error, make sure you have libaio1installed (sudo apt-get install libaio1)...
Well Done...!
If it all went well you now have an Oracle Db on your machine. Pat
yourself on the back for getting this far and sticking with it. You
still have a way to go before its all installed but go and have some
tea to celebrate...! And then go on to Part 2...
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