2011年职称英语词汇学习：构词法（2）
2.派生：通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词：
（1）前缀一般不造成词类的转变，而只是引起意思上的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词：
|
前缀
|
意思
|
例词
|
|
un-
|
不
做相反动作
|
unhappy uncomfortable
undress undo
|
|
dis-
|
不
做相反动作
|
dislike disagree
disinfect disconnect
|
|
in-
|
不
|
informal inconvenient
|
|
im-
|
不
|
impolite impossible
|
|
non-
|
不
|
non-existent nonconductor
|
还有一些表示其他意思的前缀：
|
前缀
|
意思
|
例词
|
|
re-
|
重新
|
retell rewrite
|
|
co-
|
共同
|
co-exist co-operate
|
|
super-
|
超级，上层
|
supermarket superman
|
|
sub-
|
下面的
|
subway subdivide
|
|
inter-
|
之间的，相互
|
international interact
|
（2）构成名词的后缀常用的有：
|
后缀
|
例词
|
|
-er
|
thinker teacher
|
|
-or
|
actor sailor
|
|
-ee
|
employee trustee
|
|
-ess
|
actress waitress
|
|
-ness
|
illness happiness
|
|
-(a)tion
|
preparation dictation
|
|
-ment
|
movement government
|
|
-ing
|
building painting
|
|
-ship
|
leadership friendship
|
|
-hood
|
childhood motherhood
|
（3）构成形容词的后缀常用的有：
|
后缀
|
例词
|
|
-ful
|
useful cheerful
|
|
-less
|
careless homeless
|
|
-ish
|
childish selfish
|
|
-ive
|
active collective
|
|
-able
|
acceptable agreeable
|
|
-ible
|
sensible responsible
|
|
-al
|
critical exceptional
|
|
-ous
|
famous continuous
|
|
-ic
|
realistic historic
|
|
-en
|
golden wooden
|
|
