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一个简单的自制的范·德·Graaff发电机
In the previous two projects, we stole high voltage from a television set to power our high voltage motors. 在过去的两个项目中,我们偷了高电压从电视设置为力量咱们高压电机。In this project we will build a device that can generate 12,000 volts from an empty soda can and a rubber band.在这个项目中我们将建立一个设备,它能产生1.2万伏特起空的汽水会和一根胶皮带。 The device is called a Van de Graaff generator. 这个装置称为一个范·德·Graaff发电机。Science museums and research facilities have large versions that generate potentials in the hundreds of thousands of volts. 科学博物馆和科研设施版产生的潜力,成千上万的伏特。Ours is more modest, but is still capable of drawing 1/2 inch sparks from the soda can to my finger. 我们是更适度的,但仍然是1 / 2英寸的火花的绘图能力从苏打能我的手指。The spark is harmless, and similar to the jolt you get from a doorknob after scuffing your feet on the carpet.星火是无害的,而且类似门把手救你得到scuffing后,你的脚在地毯上。 To build the toy, you need:建立玩具,你需要:
That sounds like a lot of stuff, but take a look at the step-by-step photos below, and you will find that the whole project can easily be put together in an evening, once all the parts have been collected.那听起来像是一个许多东西,但看看逐步下面的照片,你就会发现,整个计划就可以很容易地摆放在一起有一天晚上,当所有的部分都已经收集起来。 We'll start at the bottom, and work our way up.我们将从基层干起,我们运转起来。
The first thing to do is to cut a 2 to 3 inch long piece of 3/4 inch PVC pipe, and glue that to the wooden base. 第一件要做的事是切2至3英寸根长3 / 4英寸的聚氯乙烯管子,和胶水,木基地。This piece will hold the generator up, and allow us to remove it to more easily replace the rubber band, or make adjustments.这块发电机将举行,并允许我们把它更容易代替橡皮筋,或作调整。 The PVC "T" connector will hold the small motor. PVC“T”连接器将举行小型电机。The motor fits too loosely by itself, so we wrap paper or tape around it to make a snug fit. 电机适合自己得太松散,所以我们包装纸或磁带围绕它,以使一个舒适的健康。The shaft of the motor can be left bare, but the generator will work a little better if it is made fatter by wrapping tape around it, or (better) putting a plastic rod with a hole in the center onto the shaft to act as a pulley for the rubber band.轴电机可离开光秃秃的,但有点工作发生器更胖了包覆带围绕着,或(更好的)把塑料棒,中间有孔到轴作为滑轮橡胶带。 Next, we drill a small hole in the side of the PVC "T" connector, just under the makeshift pulley on the motor. 接下来,我们钻一个小洞PVC方面“T”连接器,仅略低于对电机的临时滑轮。This hole will be used to hold the lower "brush", which is simply a bit of stranded wire frayed at the end, that is almost touching the rubber band on the pulley.这个洞里将被用来住下面“遭遇战”,它只是一点绞线紧绷的最后,那几乎是动人的橡皮筋的滑轮。 As the photo shows, the stranded wire is held in place with some electrical tape, or some other tape or glue.结果表明,该帘所持有的软绞线是和一些电工胶带,或其他一些胶带或胶水。 The rubber band is now placed on the pulley, and allowed to hang out the top of the "T" connector.橡皮筋现在放在滑轮、并且允许悬挂上面的“T”连接器。
Next, cut another 3 or 4 inch piece of 3/4 inch PVC plumbing pipe. 其次,裁减3或4英寸块3 / 4英寸PVC管道管道。This will go into the top of the "T" connector, with the rubber band going up through it. 这将进入顶部的“T”连接器、橡胶带上去穿过它。Use the small nail to hold the rubber band in place, as in the photo below. 使用小钉子去持有橡皮筋在的地方,因为在照片下面。The length of the PVC pipe should be just enough to fit the rubber band. PVC管道的长度应该会是足以适合橡皮筋。The rubber band should not be stretched too tightly, since the resulting friction would prevent the motor from turning properly, and increase wear on the parts.橡皮筋不应该被拉得太紧,因为产生的摩擦会阻止马达转动正确的、增加穿的部分。
Cut the styrofoam cup about an inch from the bottom, and carefully cut a 3/4 inch diameter hole in the center of the bottom of the cup. 把塑料杯约一英寸底部,仔细剪裁1 3 / 4英寸直径的孔在中心底部的杯。This hole should fit snugly onto the 3/4 inch PVC pipe.这个洞舒适地应该是适合到3 / 4英寸PVC管。
Now drill three holes near the top of the PVC union coupling. 现在打钻三个孔顶部附近PVC联盟的耦合。Two of these holes need to be diametrically opposite one another, since they will hold the small nail which will act as an axle for the rubber band. 这些洞的两个需要完全相反的,因为他们彼此钉着一轴上,将作为橡胶带。The third hole is between the other two, and it will hold the top "brush", which, like the bottom brush, will almost touch the rubber band.第三个洞是另外两个之间,它会住在上方“遭遇战”,它就像底刷,几乎触及橡皮筋。 The top brush is taped to the PVC union coupler, and the coupler is placed on the 3/4 inch pipe, above the styrofoam cup collar. 是顶刷贴在PVC联盟,耦合器调速型液力偶合器放在3 / 4英寸管,在塑料杯衣领。The rubber band is threaded through the coupler, and held in place with the small nail, as before.橡皮筋是螺纹通过耦合器、和所持有的钉、与小如从前加增一样。 Bare the top brush (so it has no insulation) and twist it to keep the individual wires from coming apart. 裸露的顶刷(具有非绝缘材料),然后是为了保持个人电线从全毁了。You can solder the free end if you like, but it is not necessary.你可以焊锡自由结束如果你愿意,但是并没有那个必要。 The free end of the top brush will be curled up inside the empty soda can when we are done, and thus electrically connect the soda can to the top brush.自由年底将顶刷蜷缩在中空的汽水可不可以当我们这样做,因此电连接汽水能尽情的刷子。
We need a small glass tube to act as both a low-friction top pulley, and as a "triboelectric" complement to the rubber band, to generate static electricity by rubbing. 我们需要一个小玻璃管作为一个低摩擦上带轮,为“摩擦电”的橡皮带,补充,而是通过摩擦产生静电。Glass is one of the best materials to rub against rubber to create electricity.玻璃是最好的材料橡胶,摩擦产生电。 We get the tube by taking apart a small electrical fuse. 我们就得到了拆卸管小电器的导火线。The metal ends of the fuse come off easily if heated with a soldering iron or a match. 金属的两端很容易脱落保险丝热烈地和一个烙铁双或比赛。The solder inside them drips out when they come off, so be careful. 锡里面当他们滴下来,所以请小心些。The glass, the metal cap, and the molten solder are all quite hot, and will blister the skin if you touch them before they cool.玻璃、金属帽,和铸造的焊锡都非常热,将水泡,令你害怕他们之前,他们很酷。
The resulting glass tube has nice straight, even edges, which are "fire polished" for you, so there is no sharp glass, and no uneven edges to catch on the PVC and break the glass.由此产生的玻璃管有整齐,甚至的边缘,不过是“火抛光“给,所以没有尖锐的玻璃,没有凹凸不平的边缘弄明白PVC和打破玻璃杯。
The next step is a little tricky. 下一步是有点困难。The small nail is placed through one of the two holes in the PVC union coupler, and the small glass tube is placed on the nail. 小钉将通过两孔的PVC联盟耦合器、和小玻璃管被放在了钉子的。Then the rubber band is placed on the glass tube, and the nail is then placed in the second hole. 然后橡皮筋被放在玻璃管,倒在地上,橛子然后被放置到第二洞。The rubber band is on the glass tube, which is free to rotate around the nail.橡皮筋在玻璃管的,这是免费的旋转在附近那根钉子上。
Now we glue the styrofoam collar in place on the PVC pipe. 现在我们胶水保丽龙在地方领子PVC管道。I like to use a hot glue gun for this, since the glue can be laid on thickly to stabilize the collar, and it sets quickly and does not dissolve the styrofoam.我喜欢用一个热熔胶枪,因为胶水可以放在厚稳定的衣领,为快速、不化解保丽龙。
At this point we are ready for the empty soda can. 在这一点上我们已经做好了充分的准备空可乐罐。Aluminum pop-top cans are good for high voltage because they have nice rounded edges, which minimizes "corona discharge".铝罐pop-top高压好,因为他们有好的边缘,从而使“电晕放电”。 With a sharp knife, carefully cut out the top of the soda can. 用一把锋利的刀,精心琢的酸碱最高的。Leave the nice crimped edge, and cut close to the side of the can so as to leave very little in the way of sharp edges. 离开好受到抑制,以及减少近边缘,向一边的可以让极少在锐利的边缘。You can smooth the cut edge by "stirring" the can with a metal tool like a screwdriver, pressing outward as you stir, to flatten the sharp edge.你能平稳切缘以“激动人心的“可以使用金属工具如螺丝刀、冲压向外你逗了,整锋利。 Tuck the free end of the top brush wire into the can, and invert the can over the top of the device, until it rests snugly on the styrofoam collar.把自由顶刷结束,和电线植入的可翻转的上方配套设备,直到它休息的保丽龙衣领。
The last step is to attach the batteries. 最后一步是把电池。I like to solder a battery clip to the motor terminals, and then clip this onto either a nine-volt battery, or a battery holder for two AA size batteries. 我喜欢补修电池夹电机终端,然后把这到要么是nine-volt电池,或者电池架给两个AA尺寸电池。The nine-volt battery works, but it runs the motor too fast, making a lot of noise, and risking breakage of the glass tube. nine-volt电池的工作,但是它运行的汽车太快,使很多噪音,而冒着破碎的玻璃管。It does, however, make a slightly higher voltage, until the device breaks.然而,它确实使稍高电压、直到设备断裂。
To use the Van de Graaff generator, simply clip the battery to the battery clip. 使用范·德·Graaff发电机,简单地把电池电池夹。If the brushes are very close to the ends of the rubber band, but not touching, you should be able to feel a spark from the soda can if you bring your finger close enough. 如果笔刷是非常接近两端的橡皮筋,但不相碰,你应该能感觉到火花从苏打可以的,如果你把你的手指不够紧密。It helps to hold onto the free end of the bottom brush with the other hand while doing this.它有助于留住自由年底刷底部用另一只手在做这个的时候。
To use our generator to power the Franklin's Bells we built in the previous section of the book, clip the bottom brush wire to one "bell", and attach a wire to the top of the generator, connecting it to the other "bell".使用我们的发电机功率的富兰克林的钟在前一节我们建造的书的内容,把底电刷线到一个“钟”,并附上一根电线上能与外界保持联系的发电机组、“钟”。 The pop-top clapper of the Franklin's Bells should start jumping between the soda cans. 这pop-top阀瓣的富兰克林的钟声应该开始间跳来跳去的汽水罐。It may need a little push to get started.它可能需要一些提醒要从何开始。
How does it do that?它如何做呢?You may have at one time rubbed a balloon on your hair, and then made the balloon stick to the wall. 你可以在某一时刻磨出了一个气球均匀涂于头发上,然后作气球贴在墙上。If you have never done this, try it!如果你从来没这样做过,试一试吧! The Van de Graaff generator uses this trick and two others to generate the high voltage needed to make a spark.范·德·Graaff发电机的使用这一伎俩,还有两个产生高压需要用来做火花。
The first trick第一墩When the balloon made contact with your hair, the molecules of the rubber touched the molecules of the hair. 当气球与你的头发,分子的橡胶感动的分子的头发。When they touched, the molecules of the rubber attract electrons from the molecules of the hair.当他们一碰到,分子的橡胶吸引电子头发的分子。The you take the balloon away from your hair, some of those electrons stay with the balloon, giving it a negative charge.在你把气球离开你的头发,其中一些电子留在的气球,给它一个负电荷。 The extra electrons on the balloon repel the electrons in the wall, pushing them back from the surface. 额外的电子在气球排斥在墙上的电子,推动他们被掳到外表面。The surface of the wall is left with a positive charge, since there are fewer electrons than when it was neutral.墙的表面剩正电荷,已经越来越少了这些电子中性。 The positive wall attracts the negative balloon with enough force to keep it stuck to the wall.积极的墙的负面气球吸引足够的力量,把它粘在墙上。 If you collected a bunch of different materials and touched them to one another, you could find out which ones were left negatively charged, and which were left positively charged.如果你收集了一群不同材料和彼此摸他们,你能发现了哪些带负电荷的,哪些是左带正电荷。 You could then take these pairs of objects, and put them in order in a list, from the most positive to the most negative. 然后你就可以把这些对物体,并摆放整齐在一个列表,从最积极的最消极的。Such a list is called a Triboelectric Series. 这样一张名单被称为摩擦电系列。The prefix Tribo- means "to rub".前缀Tribo摩擦,是指”。
The Triboelectric series摩擦电系列Most positive最积极的(items at this end lose electrons)(物品在这末了的失去电子)
Most negative最负 Our Van de Graaff generator uses a glass tube and a rubber band. 我们的范·德·Graaff发电机使用玻璃管、一根胶皮带。The rubber band steals electrons from the glass tube, leaving the glass positively charged, and the rubber band negatively charged.橡皮??抢断玻璃管中的电子,离开了玻璃带正电,橡皮筋带负电荷的离子。
The second trick第二个诡计The triboelectric charging is the first trick. 摩擦电收费是第一个诡计。The second trick involves the wire brushes.第二个把戏包括钢丝刷。When a metal object is brought near a charged object, something quite interesting happens. 当铁对象是带电物体亲近,这相当有趣的发生。The charged object causes the electrons in the metal to move. 这些带电物体使电子在金属移动。If the object is charged negatively, it pushes the electrons away. 如果对象被指控的负面效应,它推动电子走了。If it is charged positively, it pulls the electrons towards it.如果它负责,把电子积极的态度。 Electrons are all negatively charged. 电子都带负电荷的离子。Because like charges repel, and electrons are all the same charge, electrons will always try to get as far away from other electrons as possible.因为同种电荷排斥,而电子都是一样的费用、电子经常会尽量远离其他电子是不可能的。 If the metal object has a sharp point on it, the electrons on the point are pushed by all of the other electrons in the rest of the object. 如果金属物体有尖顶,电子点上被所有的其他电子在其余的对象。So on a point, there are a lot of electrons pushing from the metal, but no electrons pushing from the air.所以在点,有很多电子从金属推,但是没有电子从空中推进。 If there are enough extra electrons on the metal, they can push some electrons off the point and into the air. 如果有足够的额外的电子在金属,他们可以推动了一些电子点和到空中。The electrons land on the air molecules, making them negatively charged. 电子的土地,使空气分子带负电荷的离子。The negatively charged air is repelled from the negatively charged metal, and a small wind of charged air blows away from the metal. 带负电荷的空气被从带负电荷的金属,和一个小风带电的空气吹离金属。This is called "corona discharge", because the dim light it gives off looks like a crown.这就是所谓的“电晕放电”,因为那暗淡的光线,它就会散发出看起来像王冠上。 The same thing happens in reverse if the metal has too few electrons (if it is positively charged). 同样的事情也发生在逆向如果金属有了一些电子(如果它是带正电的)。At the point, all of the positive charges in the metal pull all the electrons from the point, leaving it very highly charged.此刻,所有的积极的指控所有的电子金属拉上,使其高度受到指控。 The air molecules that hit the metal point lose their electrons to the strong pull from the positive tip of the sharp point. 空气分子袭击的金属点失去电子强烈诱惑的,从积极的顶端的尖顶。The air molecules are now positive, and are repelled from the positive metal.现在的空气分子是积极的,并互相排斥,从积极的金属。
The third trick第三诡计There is one more trick the Van de Graaff generator uses. 有一个以上的欺骗人的范·德·Graaff发电机的用途。After we understand the third trick, we will put all of the tricks together to see how the generator works.我们了解种手段后,我们将把所有的技巧在一起看看发电机工作。We said earlier that all electrons have the same charge, and so they all try to get as far from one another as possible. 我们先前说过,所有的电子有相同的费用,所以他们都想尽量远离彼此成为可能。The third trick uses the soda can to take advantage of this feature of the electrons in an interesting way.第三个恶作剧采用汽水能利用这些特性电子以有趣的方式。 If we give the soda can a charge of electrons, they will all try to get as far away from one another as possible. 如果我们把可乐罐电子的指控,他们都设法远离彼此成为可能。This has the effect of making all the electrons crowd to the outside of the can. 这的效果,使得所有的电子外面的人群。Any electron on the inside of the can will feel the push from all the other electrons, and will move. 任何电子在侧板内侧,将会在推动能从所有其它的电子、就要转。But the electrons on the outside feel the push from the can, but they do not feel any push from the air around the can, which is not charged.但电子在外面的感觉,将却不觉得自己有任何将,周围的空气不起诉。 This means that we can put electrons on the inside of the can, and they will be pulled away to the outside.这意味着我们可以把电子里面,他们会被带到外面。 We can keep adding as many electrons as we like to the inside of the can, and they will always be pulled to the outside.我们可以持续增加尽可能多的电子如里面的可以,而且他们将永远被拉到外面。
Putting all three tricks together把所有三个技巧在一起So now let's look at the Van de Graaff generator with our three tricks in mind.所以现在,让我们来看看范·德·Graaff机组以三技巧在心里的。 The motor moves the rubber band around and around. 马达移动橡皮筋四周,四周。The rubber band loops over the glass tube and steals the electrons from the glass.橡皮筋循环在玻璃管、偷走了电子玻璃。 The rubber band is much bigger than the glass tube. 橡皮筋比的玻璃管内。The electrons stolen from the glass are distributed across the whole rubber band.电子偷来的玻璃被分布在整个橡皮筋。 The glass, on the other hand, is small. 玻璃,在另一方面,是小的。The negative charges that are spead out over the rubber band are weak, compared to the positive charges that are all concentrated on the little glass tube.宋的负电荷,在橡皮筋软弱,而积极的费用,都是集中在小的玻璃管内。 The strong positive charge on the glass attracts the electrons in the wire on the top brush. 较强的正电荷在玻璃上吸引电子在电线上的刷子。These electrons spray from the sharp points in the brush, and charge the air. 这些电子浪花刷锋利的点和电荷空气。The air is repelled from the wire, and attracted to the glass.空气被从线,并吸引了的玻璃。 But the charged air can't get to the glass, because the rubber band is in the way. 但这些带电的空气无法找到玻璃,因为橡皮筋。The charged air molecules hit the rubber, and transfer the electrons to it.这些带电的空气分子袭击了橡胶、和转让的电子。 The rubber band travels down to the bottom brush. 橡皮筋传播到底部的刷子。The electrons in the rubber push on the electrons in the wire of the bottom brush. 电子在橡胶推进电线上电子的底的刷子。The electrons are pushed out of the wire, and into whatever large object we have attached to the end of the wire, such as the earth, or a person.这些电子被无论进那电线,大型物体在我们将这根金属线的末端,比如地球,或一个人。 The sharp points of the bottom brush are now positive, and they pull the electrons off of any air molecules that touch them. 锋利的分的底刷现在阳性,他们把电子从空气分子的接触。These positively charged air molecules are repelled by the positively charged wire, and attracted to the electrons on the rubber band. 这些带正电的空气分子厌恶了带正电的电线和被吸引到电子在橡皮筋。When they hit the rubber, they get their electrons back, and the rubber and the air both lose their charge.当他们打胶,他们会得到它们的电子回来,橡胶和空气都失去了他们的费用。 The rubber band is now ready to go back up and steal more electrons from the glass tube.橡皮筋现在正准备回去并偷走了更多的电子从玻璃管。 The top brush is connected to the inside of the soda can. 顶刷连接到里面的苏打。It is positively charged, and so attracts electrons from the can. 它是带正电荷的电子,因此吸引了。The positive charges in the can move away from one another (they are the same charge, so they repel, just like electrons). 积极的费用可以相互远离是一样的费用,所以他们击退,就像电子)。The positive charges collect on the outside of the can, leaving the neutral atoms of the can on the inside, where they are always ready to donate more electrons.积极对外界的事业性收费,离开了中性原子内部的,在那里他们总是愿意提供更多的电子。 The effect is to transfer electrons from the soda can into the ground, using the rubber band like a conveyor belt. 效果是传递中的电子钻进地下,汽水可不可以用橡皮筋像一条输送带组成。It doesn't take very long for the soda can to lose so many electrons that it becomes 12,000 volts more positive than the ground.不需要太长时间的汽水会丢了这么多电子,它就成为1.2万伏特比地面更为积极。 When the can gets very positive, it eventually has enough charge to steal electrons from the air molecules that hit the can. 当可以将变得非常正面的,它最终有足够的费用偷电子袭击的空气分子。This happens most at any sharp points on the can. 这一切发生的时候最任何响亮的分。If the can were a perfect sphere, it would be able to reach a higher voltage, since there would be no places where the charge was more concentrated than anywhere else.如果可以是一个完美球面,它将能够达到一个更高的电压,因为并没有地方更浓郁的收费是盛行。 If the sphere were larger, an even higher voltage could be reached before it started stealing electrons from the air, because a larger sphere is not as "sharp" as a smaller one.如果球比较大,一个更高的电压可以达到它开始之前偷电子,因为一个大的空气球不像“尖锐的“作为一个小的。 The places on our soda can where the curves are the sharpest are where the charge accumulates the most, and where the electrons are stolen from the air.在我们的可乐罐的地方在曲线最兴奋的时候,就有了费用最积累,当电子被偷来的空气。 Air ionizes in an electric field of about 25,000 volts per inch. 空气使发泡单元的在电场里大约2.5万伏特每英寸。Ionized air conducts electricity like a wire does. 离子化的空气导电像丝一样。You can see the ionized air conducting electricity, because it gets so hot it emits light. 你可以看到离子空气导电,因为它是如此的热它能发出的光。It is what we call a spark.它是我们所谓的火花。 Since our generator can draw sparks that are about a half inch long, we know we are generating about 12,500 volts.因为我们的发电机可以画出火花的半英寸长,我们知道我们都产生了约12,500伏特。 Troubleshooting故障If you aren't detecting any high voltage (no sparks, doesn't attract hair or paper) then you might try some of these suggestions.如果你不检测任何高压(没有火花,不能吸引头发或纸),那么你可能会尝试提出一些建议。
Check our查一查我们的Message Board留言板for为more ideas更多的想法, and be sure to并要确保search搜索for "VDG" and "rubber band" to get all of the messages. “VDG”和“橡皮筋”把所有的信息。Since people can't spell Van de Graaff, you may want to try various spellings.既然人们不能拼写范·德·Graaff,你可以尝试各种的拼写上。 Some fun with the Van de Graaf generator一些乐趣与范·德·Graaf发电机One of the fun things to do with a Van de Graaff generator is to show how like charges repel.好玩的事情之一和范·德·Graaff发电机就是要让人注意同种电荷排斥的。
We take a paper napkin, and cut thin strips of the lightweight paper. 我们要用纸餐巾,切薄带的轻量化纸。We then tape the ends of the paper together at one end, and tape that end onto the Van de Graaf generator.我们然后用胶带两头的一端报章和磁带这样的结局,到范·德·Graaf发电机。 The effect will look somewhat like long hair cascading down the soda can.效果将会看起来有点很喜欢长发层叠式下苏打水。 Now turn the Van de Graaff generator on. 现在把范·德·Graaff发电机。The thin strips of paper all get the same charge, and start to repel from one another. 薄带了得到同样的费用,并开始互相排斥。The effect is "hair raising". 效果的“毛发提高”。The strips start to stand out straight from the can, like the hair on the back of a scared cat.条带开始站就都像头发背后的害怕的猫。
A high voltage ion motor高压离子电机
This motor is very simple to build, and goes together in a few minutes. 这家汽车很简单建造的,空白,在几分钟内。All you need is two pieces of wire, the small metal cap from the fuse we took apart in the previous project, and some cellophane tape.所有你所需要的是两张线,小金属顶了保险丝之间的先期项目,有些透明胶。 The motor creates an ion wind that spins it around like a helicopter.电机创造了一个离子风周围旋转,像直升飞机的声音。
First, take one piece of wire (a straightened paper clip will do), and cut the end at an angle so it is sharp. 首先,把一块线(一个变直回形针将做),并将其结束这一角度很快。Bend the other end into a rough loop or triangle, so the wire will stand up with the sharp point facing straight up. 另一端弯成了一只粗陋的环或三角形,所以铁丝网将站起来以其鲜明的点面对的尖叫声。A little tape will help hold it onto the table, or a block of wood.一个小胶带将帮助把它放在桌上,或一块木头。
The armature (the part that spins) is made from the other piece of wire and the metal cap we saved when we took apart the fuse. 电枢的家纺(这个角色)是由其它条导线和金属盖我们保存,当我们把分开保险丝的。Sharpen both ends of the wire by cutting the ends at a diagonal, like we did with the base wire. 提高线的两端将结束在一个对角线的,就像我们是基地的电线。Bend the wire into an S shape. 弯曲电线植入的S的形状。The pointed ends of the wire should point at 90 degrees from the center straight part of the wire.尖的末端点电线应该从中心以90度的平直部分电线。
Attach the metal cap to the center of the wire with tape. 把金属盖中心的线带。Place the cap onto the pointed end of the base wire, and bend the S shaped ends of the armature wire down, so it will balance easily on the sharp end of the base wire.把帽子到尖的一端基地的电线和弯曲线槽电枢绕组形状结束下来,所以它将平衡轻易在第一线的基础电线。 The armature should now spin freely if you tap it gently.自由旋转电枢应该现在如果你挖掘轻。 Connect a source of high voltage to the base wire using an alligator clip or a wire. 连源高压基础线使用一个鳄鱼剪辑或一根铁丝上。The high voltage source can be the Van de Graaff generator, or just a couple square feet of aluminum foil pressed against the front of your television set, as we did in earlier projects.高电压源可以范·德·Graaff发电机,或者只是几平方英尺的铝箔拥挤的前端,您的电视机,是在早期的项目。 As the high voltage is turned on, the armature will start to spin in the direction away from the sharp points. 由于高压打开,电枢将开始朝的方向离开锋利的分。The Van de Graaff generator may need a good ground, or a person holding onto the ground wire. 范·德·Graaff的发电机可能需要一个好的地面,或一个人抓住地面电线。The television will give the motor a good kick every time it is turned on or off, and turning it on and off every second will get it spinning quite rapidly.电视将电机一个好踢每次开启或关闭,断断续续地把每一秒就会得到它纺纱比较快。
How does it do that?它如何做呢?The motor works by ionizing the air, and then pushing against the ionized air.电机的空气电离作品,然后在推离子的空气。 As we explained in the previous project, electric charges are concentrated by sharp points. 为我们解释了在过去的项目,当电荷都集中在激烈的分。The sharp points on the ends of the armature concentrate the charges so much that the air around the points becomes charged as well.锋利的分电枢两头的集中的指控,以至于点周围的空气变得牵涉其中。 Since the air has the same charge as the wire, the two repel one another. 由于空气有相同的费用作为两个排斥电线,另一个。You can actually feel a small wind coming from the sharp point. 你确实能够感觉到一个小风来自尖顶。As the wire pushes on the charged air, they both move away from one another. 当那根铁丝积极这些带电的空气,他们都离开,你们也要怎样相爱。The air blows away, and the wire spins.空气吹散,电线跟着旋转。 |
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