动词时态和语态考前突破专题（1）

动词时态和语态考前突破专题（1）

【专题考点】

    在具体语境中考查时态和语态，而且题干中有效信息越来越隐藏，加大试题难度是高考时态命题的趋势，考点如下：

1 考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、将来进行时等常见时态

2 考查时态和语态相结合 

3考查主动形式表示被动意义

【典例探究】

1.（2010·山东卷·T30）

   Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would ____(语法填空广东题型） have died.

     A. would save             B. saves

    C. had saved               D. has saved

【解析】选D。句意为：截止到现在，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。句中的up to now是现在完成时态的一个典型标志，此句要用现在完成时，由此排除其他选择项，正确答案为D项。would save过去将来时；saves一般现在时；had saved 过去完成时，均不符合句意要求。

 

otherwise

    【知识拓展】时态考查题中的标志词或短语在解题中的作用：

在很多时态类考查题目中，找到解题的题眼就掌握了解题的金钥匙，所谓“题眼”即指一些与特定时态连用的一些表示时间的副词及介词短语。

   （1）与一般过去时常用的短语：yesterday, last year, three years ago, in 1980等，这些结构常常提示大家，这些句子中的谓语动作发生在过去，而与现在没有关系，如：

He lost a pen yesterday. (单纯的过去动作, 现在是否找到不知道)。

   （2）某些副词或介词短语提示则说明其所在的句子要用现在完成时，如:

   since, ever since, so far, up to now,

  recently, lately, in the past few days等，

  如：
    Ever since the first space flight made by Apollo 11 to the moon, the human beings have many more space explorations in the past 4 decades.

2（2010·江苏卷·T23）

 —Why, Jack, you look so tired!

 —Well, I _____ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.

   A. was painting      B. will be painting     

 C. have painted      D. have been painting

【解析】选D。句意：——咦，杰克，你看起来这么累！——哦，我一直在粉刷房子，我必须明天完成这项工作。根据语境可知“粉刷房子”这个动作一直进行到现在，并且还要继续进行下去。所以应用现在完成进行时，选择D项。

3 (2010·全国卷II·T9)

  Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only of the women who ____ evening dress.

A. wear   B. wears   C.has worn    D.have worn

【解析】选B。

   此题考查定语从句中的时态与主谓一致，所以要注意定语从句中的主语即关系代词who指代的是谁。此处who指代的是the only而不是the women，故谓语要用单数形式。

    当遇到定语从句修饰的部分有the(only) one of + 复数名词时，定语从句修饰的是the(only) one。这样首先排除A、D两项；又根据语境可知此处指Barbara目前穿着一件晚礼服，没有强调动作的完成，故又排除C项。

   句意：很容易认出芭芭拉，因为她是穿着晚礼服的唯一的女士。

4（2010·江西卷·T 30）.

   Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she      since her marriage to Father.

   A. shoulders       B. shouldered                  

  C. is shouldering    D. has been shouldering

【解析】选D。句意：母亲想成为一个好的养家者，一个自从和父亲结婚以来一直扮演的角色，根据句中的时间状语since……可知应用现在完成时，故选D项。

5（2010·重庆卷·Ｔ24）.

  The  book has been  translated into thirty languages since it        on the market in 1973.

     A. had come   B. has come   C. came  D. comes

【解析】选C。句意：自从这本书在1973年在市场销售以来，已被翻译成30种语言了。

   题干中的since 自从……以来，引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，since引导的状语从句的谓语动词常用一般过去时，所以选C项。

【知识拓展】since的用法

   1 )since介词,副词或连词 自…以来,自…以后;由它引导的时间状语代表一个时间段,主句用现在完成时.

  He has lived in Beijing since liberation.自从解放以来他一直住在北京

   She has been teaching Einglish since she graduated.她毕业后一直在教英语.

   They went to Shanghai two years ago and we have not seen them since.

两年前,他们去了上海,自此我们再也没见过.

  2)

    It is/has been + 一段时间+since从句(从句用过去时).

  It was/had been + 一段时间+since从句(从句用过去完成时).

  It was three years since he had served in the army. 他入伍3年了.

  It is twenty years since he joined the party.他入党20年了

   3)since 既然 因为.引出原因状语从句.

 Since you have signed an agreement,you can’t out of it now. 既然签了协议,你现在就不能反悔.

【跟踪演练】

1（2011·江西赣州十一县市高三上期中联考）

That pudding was the most delicious dessert we ______．

  A．have had    B．had never had   

  C．would       D．had ever had

2 （2011·辽宁抚顺六校联合体高三一模）

  -----It’s many years since I saw you last, I ________ you at all.

   -----I wouldn’t have, either, if someone __________ you by the name.

A．didn’t recognize; hadn’t called       

B．didn’t recognize; didn’t call

C．haven’t recognized; didn’t call      

D．can’t recognize; had called

3（2011·山东枣庄高三第一次质检）Tom is absent this week. Do you know what ________ to him?

  A. has happened     B. was happening 

  C. will happen     D. had happened

4（2010·河北省唐山一中二模）17. — You were out when I dropped in at your house.

— Oh, I _______ for a friend from England at the airport.

A. was waiting      B. had waited      

C. am waiting       D. have waited

5（2010·河南省开封市二模）27．Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people       to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.

A．begin                B．began             

C．have begun           D．had begun

6（2010·黑龙江省哈三中等四校二模）28．I had wanted to help you last night but I couldn't spare any time．

for I        an essay that is due this morning．

A．wrote         B．had written   

C．was writing   D．have written

7（2010·黑龙江省哈三中等四校二模）33．It was the first time that Mike      the piano at the concert hall and he hoped that his nervousness would go       ．

A．played；unnoticed    B．had played；unnoticed

C．played；unnoticing   D．had played；unnoticing

8（2010·吉林省实验中学二模）10. He was proud and was not used ______ to like that.

    A. to be spoken         B. to being spoken

    C. being spoken        D. to speaking

9（2010· 江苏省南通市二模拟）28. —Where have you been all day?

    —I _______ some former classmates and I couldn’t get back until it was dark.

   A. have met           B. met               

C. would meet          D. had met

10（2010· 江苏省南通市二模拟）30. —Now the weight. Only 115. You’d better put on a few pounds.

  —Well, actually, I ________ like a horse.

  A. ate                  B. was eating        

 C.have been eating    D. will eat

11（2010· 江苏省宁海外国语学校二模）

  Last Monday，while the students      on the playground watching the national flag being raised，something unexpected         ．

      A．were standing；arose 

      B．stood；was arising

      C．had stood；had arisen

      D．would stand；would arise

12. It _________hard now, otherwise we could have a barbecue on the beach. 

A. rained         B. is raining

C. rains           D. would rain

13. All his attention ________on the computer game he was playing, so he even didn’t notice his mother enter the room.

A. has been fixed     B. was fixing

C. was fixed          D. fixed

14. None of them ________the thin girl could keep her end up and come out first in the international marathon.

A. have predicted    B. would predict

C. were predicted    D. had predicted

15. Ever since Dolly, the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin’s phone ________with people calling in hopes of making the copies of their pets.                                                     

A. has rung      B. rang

C. was ringing    D. has been ringing

16. —Excuse me. I wonder if you can help me. I ______my ID card.

—But where did you lose it?

A. have lost   B. lost  C. had lost  D. lose

17. Since the beginning of the vacation, I _______across the country, and my next stop is the Wuyi Mountain.

A. had travelled          B. will travel

C. have been travelling   D. was travelling

18. Luckily, the loss _________great; otherwise, our company would have closed down.

A. isn’t                              B. hadn’t been

C. hasn’t been                  D. wasn’t

19. —I’m going to attend your lecture at 9:30 tomorrow morning.

—I regret to tell you that when you arrive it will have ended and I _________questions with my students.

A. would discuss                      B. will discuss

C. will be discussing               D. am discussing

20. Good news! Maybe I _______a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday.

A. have been offered             B. would be offered

C. will be offered                   D. is offered

21. —Why didn’t you buy any bread while doing shopping yesterday evening?

—Sorry,____________ .                 

A. I forget                          B. I forgot

C. I had forgotten             D. I have forgotten

22. —What’s your opinion about my suggestion?

—Sorry, I________. Would you please say it again?

A. hadn’t listened                 B. wouldn’t listen

C. wasn’t listening               D. didn’t listen

23. Although many measures_______, the world’s economy is still going down.

A. were taken                    B. have been taken

C. will be taken                  D. are taken

24. His father, a famous university professor, who is said to have started his teaching career in Australia, ________in Nanjing University for more than twenty years.

A. has worked                      B. worked

C. is working                       D. will work

25. —We should get together next week.

—Sounds like a plan! I __________you a call.

A. will give                        B. would give

C. have given                   D. give

26. —I’m sorry, my mind_______. What_______ you________?

—You are always absent-minded in class.

A. are wandering; do; say

B. wandered; had; said

C. wandered; did; say

D. was wandering; did; say

27. This Monday morning I was informed I _______as one of three exchange students from our college.

A. had been choosing               B. was chosen

C. had been chosen                  D. was choosing

28. The pianist planned to give a concert on March 8 but the date __________because of his illness.

A. was  postponing                     B. was  postponed

C. had been  postponed           D. was being postponed

29. —If I hadn’t been caught in the heavy rain, I could have been back by 7 o’clock.

—What a pity! Stella _______here to see you.

A. is           B. was        C. would be          D. has been

30. Since being published on March 13, the book ________a bestseller in many Chinese bookstores.

A. has become                  B. became

C. is becoming                 D. was becoming

31. Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe, attempts _________to use botanical fuel as a source of power.

A. have made                    B. having made

C. are being made             D. will be making

32. —Another cup of coffee? That’s your third since lunch.

—Yeah, well, I __________all night preparing for my history exam. I can hardly keep my eyes open.

A. stayed up                              B. have stayed up

C. have been staying up           D. will stay up

33. We won’t know how much food to buy until we decide how many people________.                                    

A. were coming                       B. are coming

C. have been coming             D. had come

34. Please stop to have a rest. You ________the washing machine the whole morning.

A. have repaired                    B. were repairing

C. have been repaired           D. have been repairing

35. —Mom, you should have taken me to the park this morning.

—I had planned to, but I couldn’t afford the time. I ________a lecture.

A. had given                                 B. gave

C. was giving                                D. would give

36. —Gina has a sweet tooth and loves meat more than anything else.

—No wonder she ________weight so fast.

A. gains                                B. gained

C. had gained                     D. is gaining

37. —Where can we get your new science fiction?

—I’m sorry, it _______and will come out next week.

A. has been printed               B. will be printed

C. is printed                            D. is being printed

38. —Has the football match just started?

—Just started? It must be clear who __________by now.

A. is winning                  B. wins

C. has won                      D. would win

39. —Let’s discuss the question raised last night, shall we?

—There is no hurry for that. I _______for a conference.

A. headed                        B. was heading

C. am heading               D. have headed

40. —John and Lucia got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?

—No, I __________a lecture in another city.

A. gave                          B. have given

C. had given                  D. was giving

答案

1 D 2 A 3 A4 A 5 B 6 C 7B 8B 9B10 C

11 A 12.【解析】选B。考查动词时态。由时间状语now可知, 该句应为现在进行时。解题时注意, 不要受后面虚拟语气句中时态的干扰。

13.【解析】选C。考查动词的时态、语态。句意为：他的全部精力都集中在玩电脑游戏上了。因此甚至没有注意到母亲走进房间。fix one’s attention on表示“集中精力在……上”, attention是动词fix的宾语, 所以attention与fix之间是被动关系。

14.【解析】选D。考查动词的时态。句意为：没有人料到这个瘦瘦的女孩会坚持到最后并成为国际马拉松比赛的第一名。人们的预料发生在比赛结束之前, 所以用过去完成时表示过去的过去。

15.【解析】选D。考查动词的时态。由该句的时间状语“Ever since Dolly. . . in 1997”判断, 应用完成时, 但ring是瞬间动词, 不能与“ever since+过去时间的时间状语”连用, 故用现在完成进行时。

16.【解析】选A。考查时态。一般过去时和现在完成时均可表示事情已经发生, 但一般过去时强调动作本身, 而现在完成时强调该动作的结果和影响。第一个人说自己的ID card丢了想寻求帮助, 所以应用现在完成时。

17.【解析】选C。考查动词的时态。该题的时间状语为since+过去的时间点, 结合后面的“my next stop is the Wuyi Mountain”可以看出这里应该用现在完成进行时, 表示从过去开始的动作一直持续到现在, 并可能持续下去。

18.【解析】选D。考查动词的时态。由句意可知造成损失应发生在过去, 后句的虚拟语气可作为推测的依据。

19.【解析】选C。考查时态。由句意可知discuss questions是在明天上午9：30正在进行。因此使用将来进行时。

20.【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。由句中的soon可知, 这里表示将来发生的动作, 应用一般将来时, offer与I之间是动宾关系, 故应用被动语态。

21.【解析】选B。考查动词的时态。根据语境判断“忘记”这一动作发生在过去而非现在, 故用一般过去时。

22.【解析】选C。考查时态。从本题的语境来看, 说话人刚才没有在听对方的建议, 因此, 使用过去进行时表示“听”的动作刚才没有在发生。

23.【解析】选B。考查动词的时态与语态。表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响, 所以用现在完成时, take与measures之间构成动宾关系, 所以要用被动语态。

24.【解析】选B。考查动词的时态。由题干中的定语从句可知这位教授现在在澳大利亚执教; 主句描述的是过去的一段经历, 故此处应用一般过去时, 注意不能因为句中的时间状语for more than twenty years而误选现在完成时。

25.【解析】选A。考查动词的时态。对方提出应该在下周聚一聚, 说话人认为这是一个不错的计划, 到时候（next week）会给对方打电话联系。

26.【解析】选D。考查时态。句意为：——抱歉, 我走神了。你说的什么？——你上课总是心不在焉。根据对话内容可知选D。

27.【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。choose的动作发生在过去的过去, 应用过去完成时。此处又表示被动, 故用过去完成时的被动语态。

28.【解析】选B。考查时态和语态。日期被推迟, 所以用被动;这里表示的是对过去动作的一般性陈述, 应用一般过去时。

29.【解析】选B。考查时态。第一句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 因此第二句应该用一般过去时。

30.【解析】选A。考查动词的时态。从since可知应该用现在完成时态。句意：自3月13日出版以来, 这本书在很多中文书店都成了畅销书。

31.【解析】选C。考查时态和语态。句意为：由于俄罗斯限制向欧洲出口天然气, 他们正在努力用植物燃料来作为一种新的能源。此处的make和attempts之间是动宾关系, 故用被动语态。

32.【解析】选A。考查动词的时态。从语意“我熬了整整一夜准备历史考试, 现在眼睛都睁不开了。”可知, stay up的动作发生在过去, 时态应该用一般过去时, 故应该选A项。

33.【解析】选B。考查时态。句意：直到我们断定有多少人要来, 我们才知道需要买多少食物。这里are coming表示将来,故B项正确。

34.【解析】选D。考查时态。句意为：请停下来歇会吧。这台洗衣机你已经修了整整一上午了。本题说话者表示：从早晨到现在一直修理洗衣机, 并强调此刻还在修理, 故用现在完成进行时。

35.【解析】选C。考查动词时态。表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作用过去进行时。故选项C正确。

36.【解析】选D。考查动词的时态。——吉娜喜欢甜食而且酷爱吃肉。——难怪她的体重增加这么快。她的体重增加是目前正在持续发生的动作, 因此用现在进行时。（it is）no wonder (that)表示“难怪……; ……不足为奇”。

37.【解析】选D。考查时态和语态。根据后面的will come out next week可知, 应该选择D项, 用现在进行时的被动语态表示（小说）正在（被）印刷中。

38.【解析】选A。考查动词时态。根据对话内容可知应该选择A项。本题的现在进行时表示将来时态, 即到这时候为止, 一定已经很清楚谁要赢了。其他选项不合题意。

39.【解析】选C。考查时态。句意为：——我们讨论一下昨晚提出的问题, 好吗？——不必这么匆忙, 我要去开会。根据语境可知C项正确, 此处用现在进行时表示将来。

40.【解析】选D。考查时态。由语境可知在上周, 他们举行婚礼时, “我”正在另一个城市讲学, 因此用过去进行时, 表示在过去某段时间正在进行的动作。