2011届新题型原创精品系列
七选五阅读理解
【数据库】考点解读
●通读整篇文章,把握整段语脉,理出文章的中心。
●根据标点符号确定有几个句子。
●除中心词、关键词外,将所有句子按意义分出层次,如果是承接、平列、层进关系,则可分为两个或两个以上的层次,如果是解释、转折一般就可以一分为二。
●再分析各层次之间的关系。
●最后检查核对层次划分有无错误。如一篇文章或语段有几个句子单位,几个层次,特别是长难句构成的语段层次是否明确。
阅读填空题详解分析:
语篇与段落是有区别的,语段是篇章结构的中间层次,是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式,段落(paragraph)是在某些语体(如记叙文、议论文)中比语段更大的意义单位,较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子,一般来说,一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种,一是靠句际间意义的结合,二是靠句际间的关联词,逻辑性插入语来连接,我们在分析语段层次时,可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断,但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系,把握作者的思路,从语序上去发现断续点,理清层次,好文章的层次非常清晰,只要层层入手,才能真正理解文章。
阅读填空题的解题策略:
1.理清句际间意义的关系
文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成,各个层次,各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致,但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的,各句之间都有一定的语脉,从逻辑意义上来看,语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。
2.找出句子之间的连接性的词语
文章的语句间的组合,除了从语句间的意义关系分析外,还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握,因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系是:
承接关系(如so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等);
平列关系(如first,second,third…;firstly,secondly,thirdly…;first,next,then…;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace…;foronething,foranotherthing…;tobeginwith,toconclude等);
转折关系(如however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whateveronthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise等);
层递关系(如also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,inaddition,what’smore,too,either,neither,not…but…,notonly…butalso等)。
【高端数据库】考情直播
(2010辽宁卷)
(A)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
IwastenwhenIfirstsatwithmygrandmotherbehindthecashier(收银台)inhergeneralstore.1Iquicklylearnedtheimportanceoftreatingcustomerspolitelyandsaying“thankyou.”
AtfirstIwaspaidincandy.2Iworkedeverydayafterschool,andduringthesummerandonweekendsandholidaysfrom8a.m.to7p.m.Myfatherhelpedmesetupabankaccount.3
BythetimeIwas12,MygrandmotherthoughtIhaddonesuchagoodjobthatshepromotedmetosellingcosmetics(化妆品).Idevelopedtheabilitytolookcustomersdirectlyintheeye.EventhoughIwasjustakid,womenwouldaskmesuchthingsas“WhatcolordoyouthinkIshouldwear?”Itookarealinterestintheirquestionsandwasabletotranslatewhattheywantedintomakeup(化妆)ideas.4
Thejobtaughtmeavaluablelesson:tobeasuccessfulsalesperson,youdidn’tneedtobeaRocketscientist—youneededtobeagreatlistener.__5___Excepttheyarenolongerwomenpurchasingcosmeticsfromme;instead,theyarekidswhotellmewhichtoystheywouldliketoseedesignedanddeveloped.
LaterIreceived50centsanhour.
Beforelong,sheletmesittherebymyself.
Iendedmysellingarecordamountofcosmetics.
TodayIstillcarrythatlessonwithme:Ilistentocustomers.
Mygrandma’strusttaughtmehowtohandleresponsibility.
SoonIfoundmyselflookingmorebeautifulthaneverbefore.
WatchingmymoneygrowwasmorerewardingthananythingIcouldhavebought.
【试题答案及解析】
1.B.从后一句Iquicklylearnedtheimportanceoftreatingcustomerspolitelyandsaying“thankyou.”可推知,作者的祖母先让作者跟着她学,然后让作者独立工作,所以他很快学会有礼貌地对待客人的重要性。
2.A.前面有atfirst,和本项中的later一致。
3.G.根据前一句的Myfatherhelpedmesetupabankaccount.可确定答案。
4C.同样根据前一句确定答案。
5.D.上文提到avaluablelesson,这里承接上下文。
(2010北京卷)
(B)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Muzakwww.ks5u.com/gaokao/beijing
Thenexttimeyougointoabank,astore,orasupermarket,stopandlisten.Whatdoyouhear?1It''ssimilartothemusicyoulistento,butit''snotexactlythesame.That''sbecausethismusicwasespeciallydesignedtorelaxyou,ortogiveyouextraenergy.Sometimesyoudon''tevenrealizethemusicisplaying,butyoureacttothemusicanyway.
Quietbackgroundmusicusedtobecalled"elevator(电梯)music"becauseweoftenhearditinelevators.Butlatelywehearitinmoreandmoreplaces,andithasanewname"Muzak".Aboutone-thirdofthepeopleinAmericalistento"Muzak"everyday.Themusicplaysfor15minutesatatime,withshortpausesinbetween.Itisalwaysmorelivelybetweentenandeleveninthemorning,andbetweenthreeandfourintheafternoon,whenpeoplearemoretired.2
IfyoulistentoMuzakcarefully,youwillprobablyrecognizethenamesofmanyofthesongs.Somemusiciansorsongwritersdon''twanttheirsongstobeusedasMuzak,butothersarehappywhentheirsongsarechosen.Why?3
Musicisoftenplayedinpublicplacesbecauseitisdesignedtomakepeoplefeellesslonelywhentheyareinanairportorahotel.IthasbeenproventhatMuzakdoeswhatitisdesignedtodo.TiredofficeworkerssuddenlyhavemoreenergywhentheyhearthepleasantsoundofMuzakinthebackground.4Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentmoregroceries.
5.Theysayit''sboringtohearthesamesongsallthetime.ButotherpeopleenjoyhearingMuzakinpublicplaces.Theysayithelpsthemrelaxandfeelcalm.Onewayoranother,Muzakaffectseveryone.SomefarmersevensaytheircowsgivemoremilkwhentheyhearMuzak!
A.Somepeopledon''tlikeMuzak.www.ks5u.com/gaokao/beijing
B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.
C.Musicisplayinginthebackground.
D.Factoryworkersproduce13percentmore.
E.Muzaktendstohelppeopleunderstandmusicbetter.
F.Theygetasmuchas$4millionayeariftheirsongsareused.
G.Muzakisplayedinmostofthebigsupermarketsintheworld.
【试题答案及解析】
1.C
王道:看前后邻句。找不到再扩大范围找。
此题,前句没看头,看后句:It''ssimilartothemusicyoulistento…捉住主语it及它对应的music,从7个句子中选出唯一用music开头的C句。
2.B
同样用指代的原则。前句whenpeoplearemoretired.根据指代原则,确定答案在B和F里面:B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.F.Theygetasmuchas$4millionayeariftheirsongsareused.F明显不符合文章发展,提钱,俗!选B
3.F
利用因果关系
前句Why?其他人高兴什么?钱啊!从剩下的A,D,E,F里找原因,只能找出"钱"来。
4.D
这是唯一单纯看一句话找不出答案的题,也是5题中最难的题。
利用并列关系。前一句描述tiredofficeworkers,后一句描述supermarketshoppers,后句出现Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentmoregroceries.由此推断D为正确答案。Factoryworkersproduce13percentmore.主语和百分数都是一一对应关系。
5.A
利用并列原则,后面有Butotherpeopleenjoyhearing…,故选择A.
【演练数据库】遴选名题优化训练
(A)
MaythefirstisanimportantdateinthecollegeadmissionprocessintheUnitedStates.Thisisthelastdayforhighschoolseniorstoacceptorrejectoffersofadmissioninthefall.Butaccordingtoarecentreport,thereisagreatchange.Acceptanceratesatthetopcollegesthisyearwerelowerthanever.?????1??
??Thesedays,collegeapplicantsareapplyingtomorecollegesbecauseonlineandcommonapplicationsmaketheprocesseasier.???2???Ontheotherhand,decidingstudentsfortopcollegestoacceptcanbedifficultbecauseittakesmuchtime.Studentsmaynotlikebeingputonwaitinglists.Also,commoncollegesworkmoretogetthestudentstheyaccepttoacceptthem.Somecollegesholdvisitingdaysthatofferachancetoattendclassesandstayovernight.Someuniversitiessendgifts.????3????
Formanyfamilies,themostimportantthingcollegescandoisshowthemthemoney,especiallythisyear;theweakeconomymakesparentsnervous.????4??Therecentproblemsthatspreadfromthehousingmarkettocreditmarketshaveevenaffectedstudent’sloans.Solately,topschoolshavetosparelotsofmoneytoincreasetheirfinancialaidforstudents.
???5????TheEducationDepartmentexpectsthenumberofhighschoolgraduatestostarttogodown.Thiswillhappenasthelastofthechildrenofthebabyboomgenerationfinishhighschool.Thenumberisnotexpectedtostartrisingagainuntil2015.
A.Besides,topcollegesarefacingchangesinthepopulation.
B.Whatcontributestoit?
C.Butamistakecanbecostlyifithappens.
D.Buttopcollegesignorethem.
E.TheyhaveinternationalstudentswhoknowEnglish.
F.Itcanmeanseveralacceptancestochoosefrom.
G.Theycannotaffordcollegeasplanned.
(B)
Amanwasdrivingat70milesina40-mile-zone,whenapolicecarcamebehindhimwiththelighton.1
Asthepolicemancametohim,hesaid,"Hi,officer,Iguessyoucaughtmealittlebitoverthelimit.Iwasinarushtogethome,tobewithmywifeandkids,youknowmyyoungersonwasn''tfeelingtoowellwhenIlefthomethismorning."
Thepolicemansaid,"Well,Iguessso,''''andstartedwritingsomethinginhisnotebook.____2.Afewmomentslater,thepolicemancametohiswindowandhandedhimapaper,andreturnedtohiscarwithoutsayingasingleword.Themanstartedtowonder,howmuchthisticketwasgoingtobeashebegantolookatthepaper.3
"Ihadadaughterwhowaskilledbyaspeedingcarattheageofsix,byaspeedingdriverlikeyou.Hegotafine,afewmonthsinprison,andwasfree,freetohugtwootherdaughters.4__Ihavetriedtoforgivethatmanathousandtimes,andIthoughtIhad.MaybeIreallydidforgivehim,butIhavetodoitagain,evenrightnow.5"
Themanwasverysurprisedandcouldnotmoveforthenextfewminutes.Whenfinallyhedid,hedroveslowly,evenafewmilesunderthespeedlimit,prayingforforgiveness.
A.Soprayforyou,andbecarefulwhenyoudriveagain,yourdaughterisallyouhaveleft.
B.Ionlyhadone,andnowIhavetowaitIgotoheavenbeforeIcanhugheragain.
C.Rightawaythemanstartedthinkingofexcusetogive.
D.Hewassurpriseditwasnotaticketashebegantolookat.
E.Soprayforme,andbecarefulwhenyoudriveagain,mysonisallIhaveleft.
F.Asminuteswentby,hehadn''taskedforhisdriver''slicense.
G.Hewassurpriseditwasnotaticketashebegantoread
(C)
Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall.Itissaidthatourbodymovementscommunicateabout50%ofwhatwereallymeanwhilewordsthemselvesonlyexpress7%.So,whileyourmouthisclosed,justwhatisyourbodysaying…
Arms._1__Ifyoukeepyourarmstothesidesofyourbodyorbehindyourback,thissuggestsyouarenotafraidoftakingonwhatevercomesyourway.__2__fsomeoneupsetsyou,justcrossyourarmstoshowyou’reunhappy.
Head.Whenyouwanttoappearconfident,keepyourheadlevel.Ifyouaremonitorinclass,youcantakeonthispositionwhenyouwantyourwordstobetakenseriously.__3__
Legs.Yourlegstendtomovearoundalotmorethannormalwhenyouarenervousortellinglies.Ifyouareatinterviews,trytokeepthemstill.
Posture.Agoodposturemakesyoufeelbetteraboutyourself.__4__Thismakesbreathingmoredifficult,whichinturncanmakeyoufeelnervousoruncomfortable.
Mouth.Whenyouarethinking,youoftenpurse(皱拢)yourlips.Youmightalsousethispositiontoholdbackallangrycommentyoudon’twishtoshow.__5__
A. tsitstraight,withyourshouldersinwards.
B. Ifyouarepleased,youusuallyopenyoureyeswideandpeoplecannoticethis.
C. Outgoingpeoplegenerallyusetheirarmswithbigmovements,whilequieterpeoplekeepthemclosetotheirbodies.
D. Howyouholdyourarmsshowshowopenandreceptiveyouaretopeopleyoumeet.
E. However,itwillprobablystillbenoticed,andpeoplewillknowyou’renotpleased.
F. However,tobefriendlyinlisteningorspeaking,youmustmoveyourheadalittletooneside.
G. Don’tsaytoomuchwhenyou’rehappy.
(D)
Doyouconstantlyusethecomputer,whetherforlearningorentertainment?Computersgiveoffradiationthatisbadforyourhealth,butherearesomewaystoprotectyourselffromcomputerradiation.
_1_GreenteacanbeabsorbedbythebodyeasilyintoaformofvitaminA,whichhelpsreduceradiation._2_
Itisadvisabletoattacharadiationfilterplate(辐射过滤板)infrontofyourcomputer’sscreenMakesuretoavoidputtinganymetalsubstancesnearyourcomputerasthesemayhavereflectedsomeoftheelectromagneticwavesthatareharmfultoyourhealth._3_Thebrighterthescreenthehighertheradiationtherewillbeandviceversa.
Youcanalsoputsomeradiation-absorbingplantssuchasseveralcactinearyourcomputertopreventradiation.
Makesureyoudoaskincareprotectionbeforesittinginfrontofthecomputer._4_Washyourfacesoonafterusingthecomputerinordertoreduce70%oftheradiation.
_5_Oldcomputeringeneral,hasonetotwotimesmoreradiationsreleasedthanthenewonewithinthesamedistance.
A.Andadjustthebrightnessofyourcomputerscreen.
B.Applyalayeroffacialmasktoprotectyourself.
C.Andadjustthesoundlevelonyourcomputer.
D.Themostefficientwayisbydrinkingsomecoffeeregularly.
E.Thesimplestwayisbydrinking2&3cupsofgreenteaeveryday.
F.Ifpossible,purchaseanewcomputerinsteadofusinganoldmodelcomputer.
G.Italsohelpskeepoureyesseethingsclearlyinthedarkbyimprovingthevisualability.
(E)
1
WiththeinventionoftheInternetseveraldecadesago,doyoufeelthatsincethenithasmadeushumanbeingsfeelmoreconnectedtotheworldandoneanother,orhasitisolated(使孤立)usandmadeusfeelmorealonethaneverbefore?
Whataboutyouasanindividual?
●2TheInternetenablesustoknowwhat’shappeningintheworld.Wecouldn''timaginetalkingtopeopleeverywhereintheworldtwentyyearsago.
●3Itunitesusbecausewetalktoothersfromallaroundourcountryandthaworld,buttheInternetcanbeaddicting,andkeepusawayfrompeopleforawhile,Thereisaninherent(内在的)humanneedfordirecthumancontact(e.g.touching,talkingfacetoface,etc.)thattheInternethasalltakenaway.
●4Ithasgivenmefreedombeyondmyimagination.I’mhome-boundwithmanydutiestoattendto.Mylifeisabittoocrowded.Dutiesdutiesduties.IgetlostmanytimesnotknowingwhoIreallyam!Thismediumismybestfriend.ItjustletsmeBE!Icanspeakherewithoutfearorfavour.
●5Chattingonlineiscompletelydifferentfromhangingoutwithfriendsoutsideorhearingtheirvoiceoverthephone.Ifindthatit’snotjusttheInternetthathasincreasedthissenseofisolation,eveniPods,MP3s,suchdeviceskindofseparateus,makeuslosefocusontheeverydayhappeningsoflife.
A.IthinkthattheInternetisolatesaswellasunitesus.
B.Ibelieveitunitesusmorethanitisolatesus.
C.DoyoufeelthattheInternetunitesusorisolatesus?
D.Whatishappeningintheworldtoday?
E.TheInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantrole.
F.Ithinkithasisolatedusmore.
G.Iamtrulygratefulforthisnewtechnology.
(F)
1Scientistsandexpertshaveprovedtheuniquenessoffinger-printsanddiscoveredthatnoexactlysimilarpatternispassedonfromparentstochildren,thoughnobodyknowswhythisisthecase.
Theridge(隆起ern.2Somecriminalsmakeuseofthisfacttoremovetheirownfinger-printsbutthisisadangerousandraresteptotake.
Finger-printscanbemadeveryeasilywithprinter''sink.Theycanbyrecordedeasily.3Becauseofthesimplicityandeconomyofthissystem,finger-printshaveoftenbeenusedasamethodofsolvingcriminalcase.Asuspectedmanmaydenyachargebutthismaybeinvain.4
Whenasuspectleavesfinger-printsbehindatthesceneofacrime,theyaredifficulttodetectwiththenakedeye.
5Someofthemarksfoundareincompletebutidentificationispossibleifaprintofaquarterofaninchsquarecanbeobtained.
A.Specialtechniquesareusedto"develop"them.
B.Afingerprintisanimpressionofthefrictionridgesofallpartofthefinger.
C.Itisonlywhentheinnerskinisinjuredthatthearrangementwillbedestroyed.
D.Withspecialmethods,identificationcanbeachievedsuccessfullywithinashorttime.
E.Alatentprintisthechancereproductionofthefrictionridgesdepositedonthesurfaceofanitem.
F.Hisfinger-printscanprovewhoheisevenifhisappearancehasbeenchangedbyageoraccident.
G.Everyhumanbeinghasauniquearrangementoftheskinonhisfingersandthisarrangementisunchangeable.
(G)
EveryoneknowsthattheFrenchmenareromantic,theItaliansarefashionableandtheGermansareserious.Arethesejuststereotypesoristherereallysuchathingasnationalcharacter?Andifthereis,canitaffecthowanationsucceedorfail?
Atleastonegroupofpeopleiscertainthatitcan.Arecentsurveyofthetop500entrepreneurs(企业家)intheUKfoundthat70%feltthattheireffortswerenotappreciatedbytheBritishpublic.Britainishostile(敌意的)tosuccess,theysaid.Ithasacultureofjealousy(嫉妒).1Jealousyissometimesknownasthe“green–eyedmonster”andtheUKisitshome.
ScientistsatWarwichUniversityintheUKrecentlytestedthisidea.Theygatheredagroupofpeopletogetherandgaveeachanimaginaryamountofmoney.2Thosegivenalittleweregiventhechancetodestroythelargeamountofmoneygiventoothers–butatthecostoflosingtheirown.Twothirdsofthepeopletestedagreedtodothis.
3.Butthereisalsooppositeevidence.TheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentrecentlyreportedthattheUKisnowtheworld’sfourthlargesteconomy.Thatisnotbadforpeoplewhoaresupposedtohatesuccess.PeopleintheUKalsoworklongerhoursthananyoneelseinEurope.SotheBritishpeoplearenotlazy,either.
“ItisnotreallysuccessthattheBritishdislike,”saysCareyCooper,aprofessorofmanagementattheUniversityofManchesterInstituteofScienceandTechnology.“It’speopleusingtheirsuccessinawaythatseemsproudorunfairorwhichseparatesthemfromtheirroots.”
4Theysetouttodothingsintheirway.Theyworklonghours.Bytheirowneffortstheybecomemillionaires.5.Ithardlyseemsworthfollowingtheirexample.Iftheyweremorefriendly,peoplewouldlikethemmore.Andmorepeoplewanttobelikethem.
A.Thisseemstoprovethattheentrepreneurswererighttocomplain.
B.Theonewhoownsmostmoneyintheendisthewinner.
C.Asaresult,thesurveysaid,entrepreneurswere“unloved,unwantedandmisunderstood.”
D.ItisnottruethatBritishpeoplearebornjealousofothers`success.
E.Someweregivenalittle,othersagreatdeal.
F.Butinsteadofbeinghappytheycomplainthatnobodylovesthem.
G..Perhapsitistheentrepreneurswhoaretheproblem.
(H)
ThesevenCsofagoodletter
Whatisthesecretofwritingagoodletter?Herearetwomainones.Don’ttrytobefancy.Don’ttrytoimpressyourreader.YouwillbesuccessfulifyoufollowthesesevenCs.
Clear.Useshort,directsentences.1Talkasifthereaderwererighttherewithyou.Aboveall,don’tuseanintroduction.
Correct,2Don’tguess,evenforspelling.Refertoyourdictionary.Ifyouneedto,checkareferencebooktoo.Usethemasmuchasyouneedto.
Complete.Don’tscatterourpoints.3Thisisgoodorgainzationtoo.
Courteous.Befriendlyratherthanoverlycasual.Presentyourinformationnicelyevenifyouarecomplainingaboutsomething.Inallletters,treatothersasyouwantthemtotreatyou.
Concise.Makeeachpointasclearlyandbrieflyasyoucan.
Conversational.Thisisreallythesecretofgoodwriting,4.Suchaletterhasanatural,friendlytone.Letyourpersonalitycomethroughnaturally.
Considerate.5Writeaboutwhatyoubelievethereaderneedsorwantstoknow。Trytobehelpful.Thiswillbuildgoodfeelingtowardyou.
ThesevenCsareaboutwritingletters.Buthowaboutschoolpapers?UsethesevenCs.Writeasifyouaretalkingtoyourteacherorprofessor.You’llbesurprised.You’llalmostinstantlybecomeagoodwriter.Andyoumightevenenjoywritingfromnowon.
Just“talk”totheperson
Thinkofthereaders’pointofviewasyouwrite.
Makethemeasytounderstand
Includelongsentencesinyourletter
Makesurewhatyousayiscorrect
Writingshouldnotbetakentooseriously
Finishonepointcompletelybeforegoingontothenext.
【数据库】(A)1—5BFDGA
(B)1—5CFDBE
(C)1—5DCFAE
(D)1—5EGABF
(E)1—5CBAGF
(F)1—5GCDFA
(G)1—5CEAGF
(H)1—5CEGABhttp://www.wsbedu.com/
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