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第七节 非谓语动词形式 【名师导读】 第一步学习目标：掌握动词不定式和动名词的基本用法。 英语中的“非谓语动词”包括动词不定式、动名词、分词。纵观近几年的中考题，主要考查动词不定式和动名词形式的构成。不定式主要考查其作宾语、宾补、目的状语及“疑问词+不定式”的用法。动名词主要考查一部分固定的搭配。 这部分知识主要出现在“单项选择”、“完形填空”，“用所给词的适当形式填空”等题型中。 【考点一】 动词不定式
（一）作宾语
【常用必背】不定式作宾语的动词有： ◆want 想要 refuse 拒绝 forget 忘记 ◆need 需要 try 尽力 learn 学 ◆manage设法 help 帮助 ◆wish/hope希望 decide 决定 begin/start开始 ◆remember 记住 promise答应 plan计划 ◆expect 期望 ask 要求 offer 提供 ◆pretend假装 volunteer自愿 agree同意 ◆refuse 拒绝 make up one’s mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事 （二）作宾语补足语
【说明】 ① invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 ② wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 teach sb. to do sh. 教某人做某事 ③ ask sb. to do sth 叫某人做某事 want /would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth 建议某人做某事 ④ encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 lead sb. to do sth. 领导某人做某事 【注意】 1. 希望某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. (对) hope sb. to do sh. (错) wish/hope to do sth. (对) 2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
【说明】 （1）一感：指feel. （2）二听：指hear, listen to. （3）三让：指have, let, make三个使役动词。 （4）四观看：指see, look at, watch, observe. （5）半帮助：指help后既可接带to的不定式，也可以接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 （6）上述动词在主动句中，to必须省略，但是在被动句中，省略的to必须加上去。 【考试热点提示】 下列短语在考试中经常出现： make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做某事 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 【注意区别】 watch /see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（经常） watch/see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事（经常） hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事
（三）疑问词+不定式 疑问代词how, what, which, 疑问副词when, where可与动词不定式连用，构成“疑问代词/副词+动词不定式”的结构。 Can you teach me how to use a computer? 你能教我如何使用计算机吗？ I don’t know what to do. 我不知道该做什么。 Could you tell me which one to choose? 请告诉我选择哪一个？ I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪里。 Do you know when to start? 你知道什么时候出发吗？ （四）常用不定式的句型： 1. It’s time to do sth. =It’s time for sth. 是该做…的时候了。 ★ It’s time to go to bed. （=It’s time for bed. ）是睡觉的时候了。 2. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事。 ★ It took me two hours to wash my clothes. 我花费了两个小时洗衣服。 3. There’ s (no) time to do sth. (没)有时间做某事。 ★ There was no time to think about it. 没有时间去考虑。 4. be +adj. + enough + to do sth. …足够做某事。 ★ The boy is old enough to go to school. 那个男孩已经够上学的年龄了。 5. be + too + adj. + to do sth. 太…而不能做某事。 ★ He is too tired to walk. 他太累了而不能走了。 6. It’s + adj. + for/of sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说…。(用of的情况：nice, good, kind等) ★ It’s very hard for me to learn maths well. 对我来说，学好数学太难了。 7. The best time to do sth. is … …的最好时间是… ★ The best time to go there is summer. 去那儿的最好时间是夏天。 8. take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 It’s one’s duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任。 ★ It’s the doctor’s duty to save the patients. 拯救病人是医生的责任。 9. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿…也不愿… ★ I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. 我宁愿呆在家也不愿出去。 （五）不定式的其它用法 1. To learn English well is very important. 学好英语非常重要。（作主语）=It is very important to learn English well. 2. He uses a lift to go up and down. 他用电梯上楼下楼。（作状语） 3. My dream is to be a scientist. 我的梦想是成为一名科学家。（作表语） 4. He has a lot of work to do. 他有许多作业要做。（作定语） 【考点二】 动名词(V-ing) （一）作主语： 如果动词在句中作主语，须加上-ing构成动名词作主语，看作单数。如： Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你的身体有好处。 （二）作宾语：
【说明】 ①◆finish doing sth. 做完某事 ◆practice doing sth. 练习做某事 ◆be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 ◆be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 ◆keep doing sth. 保持/一直做某事 ◆be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 ◆give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 ②◆consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 ◆suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 ◆can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁/忍不住做某事 ◆feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 ◆like/enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 ◆miss doing sth. 思念/想念做某事 ◆mind doing sth. 介意做某事 ③◆allow doing sth. 允许做某事 ◆imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 ◆require doing sth. 需要做某事 ◆avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 ◆can’t stand doing sth. 不能忍受做某事 ◆put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 ④动词go之后一般跟 V-ing形式表示“去做某事”，例如： ◆go hiking去徒步旅行 ◆go boating去划船 ◆go skating 去滑冰 ◆go skiing 去滑雪 ◆go swimming去游泳 ◆go shopping去购物 ◆go fishing去钓鱼 ◆go walking 去散步 ◆go dancing 去跳舞 ◆go climbing 去爬山 ◆go running 去跑步 ⑤◆have fun doing sth. 很愉快地做某事 ◆spend doing sth. 花费做某事 ◆have difficulty/trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难 ⑥介词(at, in, about, to, on, of, with, without, for等)后须跟V-ing形式。例如： ◆stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事 ◆insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事 ◆hold on to doing sth. 坚持做某事 ◆think about doing sth. 考虑做某事 ◆worry about doing sth. 担心做某事 ◆pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 ◆look forward to doing sth. 期望做某事 ◆be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 ◆Thanks for doing sth. 由于做某事而感谢你！ ◆How/What about doing sth. 做某事怎么样？ ◆be good at/do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事 ◆prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 相对于做…来说，更喜欢做… （三）既可以跟动名词又可以跟不定式作宾语，意思却不同的动词
【说明】 1. remember to do sth.记住去做某事（未做） remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做） 【经典例题】 ★Please remember to call me when you arrive in Beijing. 当你到达北京，请记住打电话给我。 ★I remembered seeing you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。 2. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做） 【经典例题】 ★ Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave. 当你离开时，别忘了关灯。 ★I forgot locking the door. 我忘了已把门锁上了。（门已经锁上，却忘记了。） 3. try to do sth. 努力/尽力做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事 【经典例题】 ★We should try to protect the environment. 我们应该尽力保护环境。 ★I tried singing an English song. 我试着唱了一首英语歌。 4. mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 【经典例题】 ★He means to go to Hainan next month. 他打算下个月去海南。 ★It means waiting for him another hour. 这意味着要再等他一个小时。 5. stop to do sth. 停下来做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 【经典例题】 ★They stopped to have a rest after walking for a long time. 在步行很长时间之后，他们停下来休息。 ★Please stop talking, the teacher is coming. 请停止说话，老师来了。 6. regret to do sth. 对现在要发生的事表示“遗憾”。 regret doing sth. 对发生过的事表示“后悔”。 【经典例题】 ★He regretted arguing with you. 他后悔与你吵架。 ★We regret to tell you that you can’t go to the cinema. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你不能去看电影。 7. continue /go on to do sth. 继续做某事（第一件事已做完，接着去做另一件事） continue /go on doing sth. 继续做某事（第一件事未做完，接着做同一件事） 【经典例题】 ★They went on working after a short rest.=They went on with their work after a short rest. 他们休息了片刻后又继续工作。 ★They went on to do Chinese homework after they finished math homework. 在做完数学作业后，他们又继续做语文作业。 8. can’t短语用法比较 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁/忍不住做… can’t help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做… can’t stand doing sth. 不能忍受做… can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做… 【经典例题】 ★ I can’t help missing my family every Mid-autumn Day. 每年中秋节，我都情不自禁地想起我的家人。 ★ I can’t help to do it. 我爱莫能助。 ★ Jim can’t wait to open the box when he sees the nice box that his mother gave him. 吉姆一看见他妈妈给的的盒子，就迫不及待地打开它。 【考点三】现在分词与过去分词
【说明】注意下列区别：
V-ed: 主语是人。(interested, bored, excited, frustrated, disappointed, tired, surprised) 【经典例题】 ★ Jim is very interested in the interesting story. 吉姆对有趣的故事非常感兴趣。 ★ She is tired of the tiring trip. 她对无聊的旅程感到厌倦。 【基础巩固 课堂练习】 第二步学习目标：能用所学基本知识解决以下问题。 I．用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. He taught us how ______ (send) an e-mail. 2. Come on! It’s time ________(go) to school. 3. I wanted _______(show) it to you. 4. She came here _________(see) her friends. 5. I have a lot of homework __________(do). 6. Would you help me _____(mend) my bike? 7. It’s right _________(give) up _________(smoke). 8. --Why not ________(have) a cup of tea? --Good idea. 9. My dream is __________(be) a scientist. 10. Jim’s brother is strong enough ________(carry) the heavy box. 11. It took the workers three years _________(build) the bridge. 12. Linda is very helpful. She is always ready __________(help) others. 13. The headmaster told us ________(arrive) at the Science Museum on time. 14. My mother asked me _________(not, read) in bed. 15. It’s very cold outside. You’d better ________(not, open) the window. 16. The teacher raised his voice to make everyone in the classroom ____(hear) clearly. 17. I hope ________(visit) Malinghe Waterfalls again. It’s wonderful. 18. He spent twenty yuan _________(buy) the dictionary. 19. I enjoy __________(live) in Xingyi. 20. I’m looking forward to ______(hear) from you soon. 21. We should prevent the river from _____ (be) polluted. 22. The music is well worth _______(listen) to more than once. 23. Our English teacher often encourages us _______(learn) all the subjects well. 24. Would you like _______(go) _______(swim) with us? 25. We were _______(move) to hear the ________(move) story. 26. I think we’ll have fun ________(learn) English this term. 27. ______(be) a nurse, she knew how to take care of the patient. 28. We are all busy ________(get) ready for the coming exam. 29. The man ________(sit) in the black car is my father. 30. Poems _______(write) by Li Bai are very popular among the students. 31. When they met again, they were too excited ________(say) a word. 32. She didn’t finish ________(write) her composition until ten o’clock last night. 33. My bike is broken. It needs _____(mend). 34. I often hear people ________(say) _______(see) is __________(believe). 35. He often made his brother _______(cry), but today he was made ______(cry) by his brother. 36. Would you please _______(help) me _______(carry) the heavy box. 37. We haven’t decided whether _______(go) to Kunming by train. 38. He pretended ___________(not see) me when I passed by. 39. She is upstairs _______(write) a letter. 40. In the dark, I heard my name ______(call). II．选择题。 ( ) 41.--I feel tired and sleepy. --Why not stop __________? A. to relax B. relaxing C. resting D. to work ( ) 42. –Mum, I’m very hungry. --What about going to McDonald’s ___ fried chicken? A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. and eat ( ) 43. Mr. Li often asks his son ______ too much meat. It’s bad for his health. A. don’t eat B. not to eat C. not eat D. to not eat ( ) 44. We have two rooms _____, but I can’t decide ______. A. to live, to choose which one B. lived, choose which one C. to live in, which one to choose D. live, which one ( ) 45. Listen! Can you hear a baby ______? A. cry B. crying C. to cry D. cries ( ) 46. –Your spoken English is much better now. --Thank you. Our English teacher often asks us _____ English as _____ as I can. A. to speak; many B. not to speak; many C. to speak; much D. not to speak; much ( ) 47. –What do you think of tomorrow’s football match? ---_____ difficult for us ____ the match. A. We’re; to win B. We’re; winning C. It’s; to win D. It’s; winning ( ) 48. It’s too noisy. Would you mind ________ the radio a little? A. turning off B. turning down C. to turn down D. turn off ( ) 49. I don’t know ____ next. Could you help me? A. how to do B. how we should do C. what to do D. what should we do ( ) 50. The boy ______ in the teacher’s office was found _______ yesterday. A. standing; smoke B. standing; smoking C. stood; smoke D. stood; smoking ( ) 51. –Did you have anyone _____ the trees? --Yes, I had the trees ______. A. to water; water B. to water; watered C. water; to be watered D. water; watered ( ) 52. On that day I saw some parents ______ at the back of the classroom, _____ to the teacher. A. sitting; listened B. sat; listening C. sitting; listening D. sit; listening ( ) 53. Lily’s mother was so busy _____ that he forgot ______ dinner. A. reading; having B. reading; to have C. to reading; to have D. read; having ( ) 54. He is in trouble. Let’s ______ him. A. help B. helps C. to help D. helping ( ) 55. –Do you still remember ____ me somewhere in Shanghai? --Yes, of course. Two years ago. A. to see B. see C. seeing D. saw ( ) 56. It’s _____ difficult for them _____ climb up the mountain. A. very; can’t B. too; not C. too; to D. very; to ( ) 57. With the help of the teacher, he decided _______ in class. A. not to talk B. to not talk C. talk D. not to talking ( ) 58. --Do you want to drink anything? --______, thanks. I’m feeling ill now. I don’t feel like _______. A. Yes; eating something B. Yes; to eat anything C. No; to eat anything D. No; eating anything ( ) 59. The boy was too busy __ his father last term. A. to write to B. write to C. to hear from D. hearing from ( ) 60. –Is Jim at home by himself? --No. There’s another boy ____ with him. A. playing B. play C. plays D. to play ( ) 61. Li Lei did all kinds of things to make his little brother _______. A. to stop crying B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D. stop to cry ( ) 62. __ hard and you’ll make progress in English. A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studies ( ) 63. My parents prefer to take the bus to Guiyang, but my sister and I stick _____ to travel. A. to drive B. to driving C. drive D. driving ( ) 64. ______ English well, he practices speaking English every day. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Learned ( ) 65. They were all so tired that they could ___. A. do nothing but sleep B. do anything but sleep C. do nothing but to sleep D. do anything but to sleep ( ) 66. Although she was only ten years old, she tried her best to find ways ___ people ___ life more. A. to help; enjoy B. help; enjoying C. help; enjoy D. to help; enjoying ( ) 67. We’ll do what we can ______ you with your English study. A. to help B. help C. be helped D. be helping ( ) 68. –What did she forget when she left home? --_____ the book. A. Taking B. Took C. Take D. To take ( ) 69. My watch is broken. I want to know how to make it _____. A. work B. to work C. walk D. to walk ( ) 70. Doing morning exercises _____ good for your health. A. is B. are C. was D. were III. 同义句转换。 71. She paid 10 yuan for the socks. She ______ 10 yuan ______ the socks. 72. They spent two years finishing the work. ____ ____ them two years _____ _____ the work. 73. How about going shopping with us? ____ ______ go shopping with us? 74. The little girl is so weak that she can’t lift the heavy box. The little girl is ____ weak ____ lift the heavy box. 75. I think it is very interesting to work as a volunteer. I think ____ interesting ____ _____ as a volunteer. 【质量标准控制 考试满分过关】 以上75小题中，做错的题目有： ____________________________________； 解决日期是：________________________； 解决途径：__________________________； 感谢恩人：__________________________. 【全面冥想 纵横联系 睡前练习 终生记忆】 第三步学习目标：重点知识再现，加深印象 1．闭上眼睛，花10分钟回忆哪些动词后必须跟不定式，哪些动词后必须跟动名词。 2．回忆下列词跟不定式和动名词的区别： remember, forget, try, mean, stop, regret, continue, go on, watch, see, hear 3．回忆上述题目中的错题及其原因。 【链接中考 轻松备考】 第四步学习目标：能用所学知识解决2011年中考题。 ( ) 1. As we all know, it’s not polite to keep others ______ for a long time. 【2011上海】 A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting ( ) 2. Tom’s mother told him_____ eating too much meat. 【2011天津】 A. stopping B. to stop C. stops D. stopped ( ) 3. How kind you are! You always do what you can______ me. 【2011江西】 A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps ( ) 4. If you see the cartoon film, it will make you _____.【2011山东】 A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed ( ) 5.The reporter didn’t go to bed until he finished ____ the article. 【2011昆明】 A. writing B. write C. to write D. wrote ( ) 6. The book is well worth I plan ______ one. 【2011黑龙江绥化市】 A. read, to buy B. reading, buying C. reading, to buy ( ) 7. Since you are tired, you’d better______ and have a good rest. 【2011四川广元】 A. stop to study B. stop study C. stop studying ( ) 8. It is very important for us ______ English well. 【2011四川宜宾】 A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned ( ) 9.Would you mind _me how English words? 【2011湖南岳阳】 A. tell; to remember B. telling; remember C. telling; to remember ( ) 10.She used to in the morning, but now she is used to at night. 【2011重庆江津】 A. read, read B. read, reading C. reading, read D. reading, reading ( ) 11. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped and lay on the ground, so we all stopped what was wrong with him. 【2011成都】 A. to run; to see B. running; seeing C. running; to see |
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