请看两道高考试题:
1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but
it remains ______ whether they will enjoy
it. (NMET 2002)
A. to
see
B. to be
seen
C.
seeing
D. seen
分析:remain 后接to do sth.作表语, see
与主语从句是动宾关系,所以要用to be
seen,故答案为B。
2. The discovery of new evidence led to ______.
(上海2003)
A. the thief having
caught
B. catch the thief
C. the thief being
caught
D. the thief to be caught
分析:lead to 中的to
是介词,后接动词-ing形式作宾语。“小偷被抓”应用动词-ing的被动形式being
caught,所以选C。
不定式和动词-ing形式的被动语态是历年高考考查的重点和难点。下面就这两点做一简要介绍。
一、不定式的被动语态
1.
当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,这个不定式要用被动语态。如:
The meeting
to be held tomorrow afternoon is of great importance.
明天下午要开的会议非常重要。
再如两道选择题:
(1) Little Tom would love ______ to the theater this evening.
A. to be
taken B. to
take
C. being
taken D.
taking
分析:本题考查不定式在固定结构中的谓语形式。would
love后一般只用动词不定式作宾语。句中主语little
Tom是take的逻辑宾语,用被动形式,所以选A。
(2) To go shopping on Sundays seems to my mother a rule
______.
A. to never break B. never to
be breaking
C. never to be broken D. never
to have broken
分析:动词不定式和前面的a
rule有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以要用它的被动语态作定语,故选C。
2.
如果句子的主语是动词不定式所表示动作的施动者,则大都采用动词不定式的主动形式来作名词的后置修饰语。如:
I have a letter to write. (不用to be
written)
我有一封信要写。
You need something to eat. (不用to be
eaten)
你需要吃些东西。
但是,在there be
结构中,虽然常用主动语态,但是用被动语态也可以。如:
There is a meeting to attend. (可用to be
attended)
要参加个会议。
3.
当征求对方是否有事需说话人做时,不定式作定语用被动语态。如:
“Would you have a letter to
be typed, manager?” asked his secretary.
“经理,你有信要打吗?”秘书问道。
二、动词-ing形式的被动语态
当动词-ing
形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,就要用动词-ing
形式的被动语态。
1.
动词-ing形式的被动语态和它的主动语态一样,在句中可以作主语和宾语。如:
He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.
他害怕被老师责骂。(宾语)
再如下面的高考题:
______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
(上海2002)
A.
Exposed
B. Having
exposed
C. Being
exposed
D. After being exposed
分析:本句中expose与one's
skin是动宾关系,根据句意,应该是皮肤被暴露在阳光下,所以要用动词-ing形式的被动形式作主语,故答案为C。
2. 一些动词如need, want,
require等作“需要”讲时,其后的动词-ing形式的主动语态表示被动意义,也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。如:
The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard needs to be
cleaned. 黑板需要擦干净。
The broken window wants repairing. = The broken window wants to be
repaired. 那个破窗户需要修理。
另外注意be worth及be worthy 的用法:
The problem is worth discussing.
The problem is worthy of being discussed.
The problem is worthy to be
discussed.
以上三个句子都意为“这个问题值得讨论”。
江苏 梅爱萍 崔荣斌
|