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高考英语课本回归早读晚练21 早读： Ⅰ.词汇短语过关 1．conclude vt. 断定，推断出；作出结论(不用于进行时) conclusion n． 结论，推论 conclusive adj. 结论性的 conclude...by/with...以……结束 conclude to do sth. 决定做某事 conclude...from...从……中推断 to conclude (做插入语)最后(一句话) in conclusion 最后，总之 bring...to a conclusion 使……结束 make a conclusion 下结论 arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论，告一段落 [即学即练1] (1)He _____________ his speech with a joke.他以一个笑话结束了他的演讲。 (2)The meeting ____________ at nine o‘clock.会议9点钟结束了。 (3)The police ____________ that he must be the murderer.警察断定他一定是杀人凶手。 答案是：concluded；concluded；concluded (4)____________， wish all of you good health and a long life.最后祝大家健康长寿。 (5)____________， I would like to thank all the people present at the meeting today.最后我想感谢今天参加会议的所有人。 答案是：To conclude；In conclusion 2．attend vt.&vi. 出席；参加；照料，护理 attendance n. 出席，到场，参加 attend a meeting/a lecture/school 参加会议/听报告/上学 attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顾某人 attend to 处理，注意，专心于，照料 [即学即练2] (1)He didn‘t __________________ yesterday.他昨天没有参加会议。 (2)He was very tired after the long run, and expected somebody ______________ him.长跑之后他感到非常疲劳，很想有个人来照顾自己一下。 (3)Business has to __________________. 生意是必须要料理的。 答案是：attend the meeting；to attend on；be attended to (4)__________your studies. 专心你的学习。 答案是：Attend to 3．expose vt. 暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面临 exposure n. 暴露，显露；揭露，揭发 expose sth./sb./oneself (to...)显露或暴露某事物/某人/自己(给……) be exposed to 暴露于…… [即学即练3] (1)My job as a journalist is to _______________.我作为记者的职责就是揭露事实。 (2)Don‘t ______ babies ______ strong sunlight.不要让婴儿受到强烈阳光的照射。 (3)It’s very dangerous to _______________ these viruses without any protection.不加任何保护，直接暴露在这些病毒下是非常危险的。 答案是：expose the truth；expose to；be exposed to 4．cure n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治疗 curable adj. 可治愈的 a cure for... 针对……的治疗 cure sb. of sth. 消除某人……；治愈某人…… [即学即练4] (1)The doctor can't ______ her ______ the cancer.医生治不好她的癌症。 (2)Nothing can ______ you ______ your bad habits.没有什么能去掉你的坏习惯。 (3)This is ___________________ SARS.这是一种新的SARS治疗方法。 答案是：cure of；cure of；a new cure for 拓展：vt.＋sb. ＋of sth.结构的短语还有： remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事 suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人(做)某事 rob sb. of sth.抢了某人某物 inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事 warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth.控告某人某事 5．absorb vt.吸收，吸进(液体、气体等)；理解，获取(信息)；吸引住某人的注意力或兴趣 absorb water/light/heat (＝take in) 吸收水/光/热 absorb what sb. said 理解某人所说的话 absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 be absorbed in... 全神贯注于…… [即学即练5] (1)Black cloth __________ light. 黑色布料吸收光线。 (2)Did you ______ everything the professor said?教授说的你全部理解了吗？ (3)He ________________ deep thought.他陷入沉思。 答案是：absorbs；absorb；was absorbed in 6．suspect vt.怀疑；不信任n．嫌疑犯；可疑对象 suspect sth.怀疑某事 suspect that 怀疑…… suspect sb. of(doing) sth. 怀疑某人有某种罪行或做过某事 suspect sb. to be...猜想某人是…… [即学即练6] (1)I began to _________ (that) they were trying to get rid of me.我开始怀疑他们试图摆脱我。 (2)They ______ him ______ murder.他们怀疑他犯有谋杀罪。 (3)What made you _________ her ______ having taken the money？你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？ (4)The police arrested the _________ yesterday.警方昨天逮捕了那个嫌疑犯。 答案是：suspect；suspect of；suspect of；suspect 7．blame n．&vt.责备；责任 blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事 blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人 be to blame (for)应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备(此处不能用被动语态) accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任 put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人 [即学即练7] (1)He _________ me ______ my carelessness.他责备我的疏忽大意。 (2)Mr Li is not __________________ the accident.这次事故不能怨李先生。 (3)Where does __________________ our failure lie?我们失败的症结在哪里？ 答案是：blamed for；to blame for；the blame for 8．contribute vt.&vi.作贡献，捐献；投(稿) contribution n. 贡献，捐献，投稿 contributor n. 捐助者；投稿人 contribute to sth. 增加，增添；促成某事 contribute sth. to/towards 给……捐献/捐赠 contribute (sth.) to sth. 撰稿；投稿 make a contribution to...为……作贡献 [即学即练8] (1)We should __________ food and clothing ______ the relief of the poor.我们应该捐赠食品和衣物救济贫民。 (2)Drink _______________ his ruin.酗酒促使他毁灭。 (3)The Song Dynasty _____________ three great inventions ______ world civilization.宋朝为世界文明贡献出三大发明。 (4)He ___________ an article ______ China Daily.他为《中国日报》撰写了一篇文章。 答案是：contribute for;contributed to;contributed to;contributed to 9．reject vt.抛开；丢掉；拒绝，抵制 n．被拒绝或抛弃的人或物 [即学即练9] (1)My cousin tried to join the army but ____________.我堂兄试图参军，但没有被接受。 (2)After the transplant his body __________ the new heart.在移植手术后，他的身体对移植的心脏产生排斥反应。 (3)I __________ the rotten oranges.我把腐烂的橘子扔掉了。 答案是：was rejected；rejected；rejected 提示：reject与refuse的区别 refuse指拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等，其后可跟不定式。 reject不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助，其后不能跟不定式。 She refused (to accept) my gift.＝She rejected my gift. 她拒绝接受我的礼物。 10．put forward 提出，推荐；将……提前 put away/aside 放在一边；收拾起来；储存 put back 放回，拨回 put down 写下；镇压；放下 put forth 提出；颁布 put...into 把……翻译成 put off 延期，推迟 put on 穿、戴上；(速度、体重)增加；上演 put out 扑灭，熄灭 put through 接通电话 put up 举起；建造；张贴 put up with 忍受，忍耐，容忍 [即学即练10] (1)She often ___________ some useful advice.她常常提出一些有用的建议。 (2)Can I ______ you/your name ___________ as golf club secretary？我推荐你担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书怎么样？ (3)We have ______ the wedding ___________ one week.我们已将婚礼提前了一周。 (4)______ your watch __________； you‘re five minutes slow.把你的表往前拨一下，你慢了5分钟。 答案是：puts forward；put forward；put forward by；Put forward 11．apart from除……之外 take...apart把……拆开 tell...apart区分，辨别 set/put apart留出 [即学即练11] (1)____________ the cost, it will take a lot of time.除了花钱以外，还要花很多时间。 (2)I have nothing ____________ the clothes I am wearing.除了我身上穿的衣服以外，我什么也没有。 (3)The mechanics ______ the engine ______.机械师把发动机拆开了。 (4)It’s almost impossible to ______ Jackie and Moira ______ since they had their hair cut.杰姬和莫伊拉把头发剪了，几乎不可能把她俩区别开来。 答案是：Apart from；apart from；took apart；tell apart 12．make sense 讲得通；有道理；很有意义 make sense of sth. 懂；了解……的含义 make no sense 讲不通；无意义 in a sense 就某种意义而言；在某种意义上 in no sense 决不是；决非 There is no sense in doing sth. 做……没必要/道理 a sense of humor/safety 幽默感/安全感 common sense 常识 [即学即练12] (1)What he says ____________.他说的有道理。 (2)Can you ______________ this poem?你能明白这首诗的含义吗？ (3)What you say is true ___________.你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。 (4)That just ____________________ me.那对我毫无意义。 答案是：makes sense；make sense of；in a sense；makes no sense to (5)_____________ does this excuse their actions.这决不能成为他们行为的托辞。 (6)_____________________in getting upset about it now.现在为这件事苦恼是没有意义的。 答案是：In no sense；There is no sense 易 错 点 拨 自我完善·误区备考 1. defeat/beat/win 这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但其用法不尽相同。 (1)defeat和beat是同义词，其宾语必须是“人或一个集体”。如a team, a class, a school, an army等。defeat侧重在战场上打败敌人，beat常用于游戏或比赛中，但在平时运用中常替换使用。 (2)win表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利，常带的宾语有：game, war, prize, fame, battle等。win还可作为不及物动词来用。 [应用1] 用defeat, beat, win填空 (1)He ____________ all his opponents in the election. (2)Peasants ______ the drought and reaped a good harvest. (3)After a hearttoheart talk, I ______ his belief at last. 答案是：defeated/beat；beat；won (4)The enemy’s plot was _________ very soon. (5)We wouldn’t have ______without your help. (6)Mary ______ first prize for swimming. 答案是：defeated；won；won 2. cure/treat/heal (1)treat指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治病，强调治疗过程，treat sb. for sth.医治某人……病；还可作“对待，看待”讲，treat...as把……看作/视为。 (2)cure意为“治愈，痊愈”，特别指病后的恢复健康。其后可接表示疾病的名词或代词，也可接sb. of再加表示疾病的名词。另外，还可作“矫正，纠正”解，借喻指消除社会上某种不良现象或个人恶习等。 (3)heal意为“治愈”，多用于治愈外伤，如：wound, cut, injury, burn等。 [应用2] (1)He _________ his students as his own children.他把学生看作自己的孩子。 (2)The doctors are trying to ______ him with a new drug.医生们尝试用一种新药为他治病。 (3)His wound is _________ over.他的伤口正在愈合。 (4)The medicine will ______ you of your cough.这药能治好你的咳嗽。 (5)When I left hospital I was completely ______.出院时我已完全康复了。 答案是：treated;treat;healing;cure;cured 3. announce/declare (1)announce宣布；宣告(含有“预告”的意思)，尤其是大家所关心的或有新闻价值的事情的宣布。用announce说个人要做某事，常常含有“郑重其事”的意思。 (2)declare宣布(如公开声明战争、和平、中立、意见等)，用于正式场合。 [应用3] (1)This powerful country _________ war on that small country.这个大国向那个小国宣战。 (2)It was ___________ that there would be a celebration on Sunday.据宣布，星期日要举行庆祝(活动)。 答案是：declared;announced 4. apart from/in addition(to)/as well as/except/except for/except that/besides apart from 除……之外(既可以表示 except或 except for，也可以表示 besides) in addition 也；另外；此外；还(相当于副词 besides) in addition to 除……以外还(相当于介词 besides) as well as 还；既……又……；也(相当于介词 besides) except (＝but) 除……之外(不包括在内) except for 除……之外(强调有美中不足) except that (what/when/where) 除了…… besides 除……之外 (包括在内)；况且；此外 [应用4] 用上述词或词组填空 (1)I like her ____________ she is angry. (2)I have read a lot of novels _____________________________________some short stories. (3)Your composition is very good _____________________ some spelling mistakes. (4)___________________， we have a research－oriented program. (5)They all went to sleep ____________________ the little boy. 答案是：except when;in addition to/besides/as well as/apart from;apart from/except for;In addition/Besides;apart from/except 晚练： 自我测评·技能备考 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．A nurse _____________(照料) to his needs constantly. 2．Mr Smith is a __________(内科医师) in the hospital. 3．A scientific theory is the result of the _________ (科学的) method. 4．She doesn't want to _________ (暴露) herself to the public, because she is a shy girl. 5．Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious _____________(挑战) we face. 答案是：attended;physician;scientific;expose;challenges 6．He drew a c_____________ after a lot of experiments. 7．Who is to b___________ for starting the fire? 8．A____________ from your spelling, your composition is rather good. 9．Have they a_____________ when the plane will take off? 10．You must be c_____________________ when crossing the street. 答案是：conclusion;blame;Apart;announced;cautious/careful Ⅱ .单项选择 1．(2010·桂林中学)His failure at ______ first attempt didn‘t disappoint him. Instead, he gathered his courage and tried ______ second time. A．the; the B．the; a 答案：B 解析：考查冠词的用法。第一空序数词前要加定冠词the，此处指第一次尝试；a second time表示“又一次，再一次”，用不定冠词。 2．(2010·陕西西安质检)It doesn‘t make sense ______ after ______. You should cheer up and practice hard instead. A．to complain; being defeated 答案：A 解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。根据句子结构可知，it在句中作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，由此可以排除B、C两项；根据语意可知，you与defeat是动宾关系，即要用被动形式，由此可以排除D项。故选A。 3．The doctor ______ the patient with great care and said there was nothing wrong with him. A．tested B．attended C．examined D．checked 答案：C 解析：考查动词辨析。examine “仔细检查，以找出线索或发现问题”，合题意。test 指检测某人的品质、能力或事物的质量、性能；attend“出席，参加”；check“检查，核对”，强调检验事物是否与预料中的现象或标准一致。 4．In my opinion, it is the coach rather than the players that ______. A．is to blame B．is to be blamed 答案：A 解析：此题既考查语法主谓一致，又考查单词 blame 的习惯用法——用主动表被动。句意为“在我看来，是教练而不是队员该受责备”。 5．He has no other interests ______his work. A．far from B．away from 答案：C 解析：apart from “除了”，既可表示“除……之外没有”，相当于 except, 也可表示“除……之外也/还……”，相当于 besides。 6．—What do you think of the plan he ______ at the meeting? —Very good. But the most important is to put it into ______. A．put up; action B．put forward; practice C．put aside; practice D．put away; truth 答案：B 解析：put forward 的意思是“提出意见、计划”，put into practice 意思为“实施；实行”。 7．Eating too much fat can______heart disease and cause high blood pressure. A．relate to B．contribute to 答案：B 解析：contribute to “有助于，成为……的原因，对……有贡献”，在此相当于 lead to 或result in。relate to 和……有关系；attend to 注意，专心，处理； devote to 致力于。 8．The Town Hall ______ in the 1800‘s was the most distinguished building at that time. A．to be completed B．having been completed 答案：C 解析：complete和 the Town Hall之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词短语来做定语。 9．______the sun for long, you‘ll get sunburnt. A．Exposed to B．Being exposed 答案：A 解析：exposed to 在句中做状语，表示“被暴露在阳光下”。 10．Although this medicine can cure you ______ your illness, it has a bad effect ______ you. A．for; in B．for; on 答案：C 解析：考查介词搭配。cure...of...治愈；have a bad effect on 对……有坏的影响。 11．When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely______a magazine. A．absorbing in B．absorbed in 答案：B 解析：句意为“当我打开门时，我发现父亲正坐在椅子上，全神贯注地读杂志”。be absorbed in...“全神贯注于……”，在句中用做伴随状语，应用过去分词形式。 12．－How about joining us in the game?－I’m sorry. I have an urgent matter to ______. A．relate to B．handle to C．attend to D．refer to 答案：C 解析：句意为：——同我们一起做游戏怎么样？——抱歉。我有急事要处理。attend to处理，照顾。relate to与……有联系；handle处理；refer to指，谈到，提到。 13．(2010·山东潍坊质量监测)Faced with a problem, you have to ______ it first, and then try to find a solution. A．resemble B．substitute 答案：D 解析：考查动词辨析。语意为：面对问题，你必须先分析，然后尽力找出解决办法。resemble看起来像；substitute代替；concentrate集中(注意力)；analyze分析。 14．I threatened to report the taxi driver for illegally ______ a passenger, but he pointed at his “Not for Hire” sign and drove away. A．resisting B．rejecting C．reducing D．removing 答案：B 解析：reject拒绝接受；resist抵抗，反抗；reduce减少；remove去掉。 15．－Have you heard of a person in Qingdao who won a million in the lottery? －A million! ______ we had won it. A．What if B．Only if C．What about D．If only 答案：D 解析：考查虚拟语气。从后面的had won可知，这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式，而选项中只有D项后面的句子用虚拟语气，故选D项。What if...“如果……怎么办？”；Only if...“只有……”；What about...“……怎么样？”；If only...“但愿；要是……就好了”。句意：“你听说了吗？青岛的一个人买彩票中了一百万大奖！”“一百万！要是我们中了就好了。” Ⅲ .完形填空 I had my first chocolate bar at five.I'll never forget the delicious，comforting taste. It was World WarⅡ.I lived in a small town in Europe when the Russian army __1__ west toward Nazi Germany.Many people in our village fled in __2__. In the __3__ , I stood with my 12yearold sister，Elyte，near the railroad station, __4__ a train leaving for Germany waited. Only families were __5__ to board the train.Just before departure，a woman __6__ alone approached us. “I'll take care of him，”she told Elyte, and __7__ me onto the train as it left the station. The entire trip I__8__for my mother. We arrived in Hamburg.Dead bodies__9__the bombedout streets.Now that the woman had __10__ escaped the small town she had no more use for me.I lived on the streets，like thousands of __11__ children in that wartorn city.I __12__ by stealing food.Still，there was never enough.I was skin and bones，close to__13__. Then the American troops arrived.They looked so big and __14__. Stealing food from them was easy.I'd __15__ into the hall, hide under a table and make off with loaves of fresh bread. One afternoon as I hid behind a tent in search of food，a huge hand lifted me up by the __16__ , an American soldier.“Got ya！”he shouted. I was scared, and I could see it __17__ him.“It's okay, kid，”he said. He reached into his uniform and handed me a chocolate bar. “Here，have some of this.”I unwrapped it and took a small __18__. As with that first taste of chocolate, I thought I'd gone to __19__. The soldier took me to an orphanage(孤儿院) run by the Red Cross. Soon after，a family who lived in Pennsylvania adopted me and brought me up. God, I want to pay __20__ all the people who were so good to me，I prayed. 1．A. swept B. occupied 2．A. hurry B. danger 3．A. confusion B. settlement 4．A. that B. which 5．A. prepared B. allowed 6．A. working B．living 7．A. picked B. pulled 8．A. cried B. worked 9．A. grew B. littered 10．A. actually B. certainly 11．A. another B. some 12．A. survived B. begged C. accompanied D. prayed 13．A. dying B. lying C. starving D. escaping 14．A.wealthy B. healthy 15．A. rush B. steal 16．A. chest B. hand 17．A.upset B. astonished 18．A.mouth B. piece 19．A. earth B. world 20．A. for B. off 答案及解析： 1. A。 sweep west toward 向西横扫纳粹军队。 2. C。 我们村子里的很多人都惊恐地逃走了。in panic惊恐地。 3. A。由于当时人们都在惊恐地逃跑，所以形势混论，作者自然就处于混乱之中。in the confusion在混乱之中。 4. D。 考查定语从句，where在定语从句中做状语。 5. B。 只有完整家庭的人才被允许乘车。sb. be allowed to do sth.某人被允许去做某事。 6. C。 因为是在车站，所以这名女士是旅游的。 7. B。 pull sb. onto sp.把某人拉上什么地方。 8. A。 整个旅程中我都在哭泣，因为我想我的母亲。 9. B。 尸体乱扔，乱堆在街道上。litter vt.乱堆，乱扔。 10. C。 既然那名女士最终逃离了那个战火纷飞的村庄，她就不再需要我了。eventually 最终地，最后。 11. D。 other放在名词前做定语，表示“其他的”，这里讲的是“我”就像成千上万的其他的无家可归的孩子一样在街上流浪。 12. A。 我靠偷食物吃才幸存下来。survive 存活下来。 13. C。 但是我还是没有足够多的东西吃，所以我瘦得皮包骨头，快要饿死了。be close to n．/doing sth快要，险些。 14. B。 讲美国军队的状况，big and healthy强大，健康。 15. B。 固定短语，steal into sp.偷偷溜进某地。 16. D。 根据常识判断，lift sb up by the collar抓住衣领把某人拉起来。 17. A。 我很恐惧，我也看到我的恐惧让他很难过。这是那个美国士兵给我巧克力吃的原因。 18. D。 take a bite 吃一口。 19. C。 巧克力的味道让我感觉像是要上天堂。 20. D。 pay back回报，报答。我想报答那些曾经对我友好的人。 Ⅳ.短文改错 Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor 1.______ sisters—in any other words, I am an only child. My parents 2.______ love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure 3.______ that I get a good education. They did not want me to do 4.______ any work at family; they want me to devote all my time to 5.______ 答案是：√;去掉any;can后加to;did→do;family→home my studies so that I'll get good marks in all my subject. We 6.______ may be one family and live under a same roof, but we do 7.______ not seem to get much time to talk about together. It looks 8.______ as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. Do they 9.______ really understand their own daughter? What things are like in other homes, I wonder. 10.______ 答案是：subject→subjects;a →the;去掉about ;and→or;homes→families |
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