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关于“大师”的思考——华思礼与王凤仪
发表于2010年9月12日
有些事情总是冥冥中自有天意（见6月1日的博文），我最近正与Heiner
Fruehauf联系，他非常热心地送给我一份他很感兴趣的文章——《百病皆由心生——论经典中医中情志的关键作用》。
在我们往来的电子邮件中，他提到王凤仪，他曾在中国师从的家族，与这位大师有着血统渊源。王凤仪于19世纪30年代在满洲授业弘道，在满洲被日本侵占之后，据Heiner所言，“其理论有一部分由此传入日本”。
Heiner将华思礼喻为“西方的王凤仪”，并时常在想这两位被他誉之为“大师”的人物之间是否有着某种关联。毕竟，华思礼部分所受之训练确实来自一些日本的大师。
他的评论为五行体系的传承提供了引人入胜的见解，也引发了我对“大师”一词的思考，“大师”究竟为何意，而我又会将谁誉为“大师”呢？
(据我所知，在这篇文章中似乎不应该提到任何女性大师，虽然有些人可能会纠正我！)我心里非常清楚华思礼是我遇见过的唯一的针灸大师，此时我也无法想起任何其他的针灸师可以符合这一称谓。毫无疑问，还有很多其他在世的针灸大师我素未谋面，或者有些我见过的针灸师，他们虽是别人眼中的大师，但我却不一定认同，我们一定对“大师”有着各自不同的定义。因此我必须利用这唯一一位大师给予我的经历，来帮助我尝试理解我自己是怎么看待大师的特质的。
在我看来，可以掌握一种或多种技能的能工巧匠，或是某一学科的学术天才，都不足以称为大师。大师更不是通过某种规定资格考试便能获得的称谓。它所蕴含的比这更深刻更复杂。隐藏其中的是一种感觉，这种感觉让我们总是将他与生命更深的奥秘，与灵魂，与那些不是大师或尚未成为大师的人所遥不可及的东西相联系起来。每当想到这一词语，浮现在我眼前的是信徒在他/她的大师前俯首谦恭的画面。因此，它是一人授予另一人的敬意，有着“奉为上师”的意味。而敬意是不能轻易授予的，它是一种赢获的赞誉。
我不认为勤学苦练可以成就大师。不断练习可以让我们娴熟技艺，对所做之事日渐胜任，但大师从不是一种后天练就的技能。在我看来，它是一种天赋，或者我更愿将它看做一种上帝恩赐的天赋，这种天赋或来自上帝，或能量，或自然之力，它们将这种令人敬畏的力量赋予某人，也只有极少数之人才能被赐予这种天赋。这些人用特殊的方法影响他们所遇之人，为他们敞开通道，没有他们，这些通道也许永将关闭。
华思礼，这位针灸界的大师，用他启迪人心的教诲影响着众人，而我有幸成为其中之一。如果要举例加以说明，这恐怕是再好不过的例子：有一次他为我们逐一讲解他的《腧穴参考指南》（这本书是五行针灸的宝典之一，即使是现在，也是我行医必备之书籍）上的穴位，细至每一官上的每一个穴位，直至讲完神话般的365个，他称呼每一个穴位时都轻声细语，充满爱意，仿佛在向它们致以问候。听到这些，我感觉我终于可以一窥他所在的世界，在那里，他可以闲庭信步，而我则需要他的帮扶方能蹒跚而行。那时我才知道穴位用某种我只是懵懵懂懂的方式与他交谈和沟通，他对穴位功能的理解，与现今那些争奇斗胜、在穴位的选择上却阐释模糊的书相比，有着天壤之别。
而我自己，既无从企及，也无意于追求“大师”这一头衔，并非对此事消极，而在于我深知自己作为针灸师的局限性。我也许是一个良好、胜任、勤奋的针灸师，但大师的魔力与我无缘。这让我今生唯一一次与大师的相遇更显得弥足珍贵。
想要观看更多Heiner Fruehauf 的视频和讲座，尤其是与王凤仪有关的内容，请浏览他的网页www.ClassicalChineseMedicine.org.
Sunday,
September 12, 2010
Meditation
on Mastery: J R Worsley and Wang Fengyi
As part of things coming full circle (see my blog of June 1st), I
am now in touch with Heiner Fruehauf, who has very kindly sent me a
copy of his interesting article,
All Disease comes from the Heart – The Pivotal Role of the Emotions
in Classical Chinese Medicine.
In our email correspondence, Heiner mentions Wang Fengyi, master of
the lineage he studied under in China. Wang Fengyi practised in
Manchuria during the 1930s, when the region was occupied by the
Japanese, who, Heiner says, “imported some of this system to
Japan”. Heiner describes JR Worsley as “a Western Wang Fengyi”, and
wonders whether there could be a connection between what he calls
“these two masters”. After all, JR received some of his training
from Japanese masters.
Apart from offering a fascinating insight into the possible
transmission of the five element system, his comment also set me
thinking about what exactly we mean by the word master, and in
particular upon what kind of person I myself bestow this accolade.
(Mistress seems never to have been used in this context, as far as
I can see, though somebody out there may correct me on this!) I am
very clear in my own mind that JR is the only master of acupuncture
I have so far encountered, and that I cannot at the moment attach
this designation to any other acupuncturist. No doubt there are
other living masters of acupuncture whom I have not met, or
acupuncturists I have met who other people would call masters, but
each of us must have our own concept of what mastery means. I must
therefore draw on my own experience of just one acupuncture master
to help me try and fathom what I personally see as the nature of
mastery.
I do not regard mastery as being obtained through the acquisition
of a particular skill or set of skills or the result of any kind of
particular dexterity, nor as arising simply from a level of
intelligence applied to a particular discipline. It is certainly
not what is attained by gaining a prescribed qualification. It
implies something far deeper and more complex than that. Buried
within it is always the sense of something which connects this
person to the deeper mysteries of life, and thus to the spiritual,
and to what may well lie beyond the reach of those who are
non-masters or not-yet-masters. When I think of the word, I have a
picture before me of a disciple bowing humbly before his/her
master. It is therefore associated with a level of reverence
accorded by one person to another, implicit in the term “revered
master”. And reverence can never be bestowed lightly; it always has
to be earned.
I do not think you can work your way to mastery. You can work
towards proficiency, so that you become increasingly competent at
what you do, but mastery is not an acquired skill. It is, in my
view, something in the nature of a gift, a God-given gift, I would
like to add, from whatever God or power or force created the
awesome powers which can reside within one human being, a gift
which is only vouchsafed a very rare few. And such people touch
those they encounter in very special ways, opening doors that
without them would remain forever shut.
I was fortunate to be one of the many whom the mastery of JR in the
field of acupuncture touched with its inspiring touch. And there
was no better illustration of this for me than the time when I
heard him going through a list of all the points from his Point
Reference Guide, one of the five element bibles without which, even
now, I could not practise. He talked the class through each point
on each official, thus the whole mythical 365, and addressed each
point as though offering a greeting to them in hushed tones of
love. Hearing this I felt I was being allowed a glimpse of a world
in which he wandered at will, but which I could only venture into
with his help. I understood then that points spoke to him and
communicated with him in ways I could myself only dimly perceive,
and which bore little relation to the lists of point functions in
the many books now vying with each other to offer often dubious
insights into point selection.
I certainly do not think that I can aspire, or will ever want to
aspire, to the title of master, nor am I sad about this, having a
good appreciation of my own limitations as acupuncturist. A good,
competent, hardworking acupuncturist I may be, but the magic of
mastery will always elude me. It makes it all the more precious
that I have encountered mastery once in my life.
For details of videos and lectures given by Heiner Fruehauf,
particularly in relation to Wang Fengyi, see his website
www.ClassicalChineseMedicine.org.
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