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在外贸合同中，除去合同标的物（货物名称、数量、单价、金额、规格参数、质量标准、起运港、卸货港）之外，还有一些通用的条款，这些条款充实了合同内容，明确了买卖双方的责任和义务。 这些条款涉及的内容主要有：船期规定、船期延展条款、付款方式（涉及信用证类型、付款交单所需单据等）、装船通告、卸货条款、其他条款、保险规定、不可抗力、国际船舶和港口设施保安规则、仲裁、处罚条款等。 现在就以上条款一般规定和通用文句，整理如下：
PAYMENT: Irrevocable unrestricted Letter of Credit at usance 90 days after sight to be issued by first class Chinese bank acceptable to Seller.100%(one hundred percent ) fully operable L/C to be received by seller 7 days prior to shipment date covering full contract value and allowing for further 2% more or less tolerance in both quantity and amount which must be stipulated in the L/C.由卖方认可的中国一流银行开具的不可撤销的不受限制的90天付款假远期信用证。装货前7天（信用证开证日期早于船期7天）卖方收到开有全部合同金额的有效信用证（完全可操作信用证），允许±2%的价值和数量浮动且该条款必须在信用证中有所规定。 L/C to be issued through five major banks in China(i.e. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China,Bank of China,Agricultural Bank of China,Construction Bank of China and Bank of Communication),or any other mutually agreed banks. 信用证应由中国五大银行（如中国工商银行、中国银行、中国农业银行、中国建设银行和中国交通银行）或者双方都认可的银行签发。 L/C to be advised/notified to a first class bank nominated by Seller.All bank charges outside China are for Seller's account. 信用证应通过一流银行通知到卖方。所有在中国境外发生的银行费用由卖方承担。 L/C to allow for: a)Validity of L/C at the counter of negotiating bank at Seller's option at least for 30 days after the last day of shipment period. 根据卖方意见，在议付行柜台信用证有效期至少为最晚装船期30天之后。 b)L/C to be available with any bank for negotiation.
信用证在议付行任何柜台均有效。 c)Charter Party or Tanker or blank back Bill of Lading acceptable
租船提单、游轮提单、背面空白提单均可接受。
d)Third party shipping documents(except commercial invoice and draft) allowed.
第三方船运单据（除商业发票和汇票外）可接受。 e)Documents presented later than 21 days after B/L date but within the credit validity allowed. 单据须于提单日21天后提交且在信用证有效期内。 f)All documents (except B/L) dated later than B/L date acceptable. 所有单据（除提单外）日期晚于提单日可接受。 g)All documents(including B/L) issued prior to L/C issuance are acceptable. 所有单据（包括提单）签发日早于信用证签发日可接受。 h)All documents except invoice not showing full description of cargo acceptable. 所有单据除发票外未显示货物详细描述可接受。 I)2% more or less in quantity and credit amount allowed. 数量和信用证金额允许±2%的浮动。 j)Type errors and spelling mistakes acceptable. 笔误和拼写错误可接受。 K）Invoice showing deduction of quality allowance and /or delay shipment penalty acceptable.
发票显示质量折扣和延期装运罚款可接受。
l)Combined/Commingling cargo allowed.
联合装运和混装货物可接受。 m)Late shipment for following period acceptable:
From 1st August 2014 to 8th August 2014 If final b/l date is 1st August 2014 or 2st August 2014 or 3td August 2014 or 4th August 2014,beneficiary to deduct 0.5pct of cargo value.
If final b/l date is 5th August 2014 or 6th August 2014,beneficiary to deduct 1 pct of cargo value.
If final b/l date is 7th August 2014 or 8th August 2014,beneficiary to deduct 1.5 pct of cargo value.
最晚装船期在2014年8月1日至2014年8月8日可接受: 如果最终装船日是2014年8月1号，2号，3号，4号，货物总值扣减0.5%
如果最终装船日是2014年8月5号，6号，货物总值扣减1%
如果最终装船日是2014年8月7号，8号，货物总值扣减1.5% 14）DOCUMENTS REQUIRED:
a)Commercial Invoice in 1 original and 3 copies.
商业发票一式三份。 b)Full set of 3 original and 3 non-negotiable copies of Clean On Board Bills of Lading made out to order and blank endorsed marked "Freight Prepaid" and notify as per Letter of Credit requirement.Charter party or blank back or tanker Bills of Lading acceptable. 全套清洁海运提单3正3副，空白背书，标注运费预付。租船合同和油轮提单可接受。Seller shall presrnt the blew documents to buyer prior to arrival of vessel at discharge port.However the said documents are not required for payment. 卖方应提供以下单据于船到港前提供以下单据，但不作为付款要求。-Certificate of Origin (FORM E) issued by Government Authority in exporting country. -Phytosanitary Certificate issued by in Government Authority in exporting country. -Health or Sanitary Certificate issued by Official Relevant Authority in exporting country.-Certificate of Weight issued by FOSFA-approved superintendent at seller's option in 1 original 2 copies. 1、FOSFA—Federation of Oil Sead and Fats Association 含油种子和脂肪协会联盟承认的监督人签署的质量和重量证书 2、Certificate of Origin(FORM E) issued by Government Authority in exporting country. 《原产地证书（FORM E）》 3、Phytosanitary certificate issued by Government Authority in exporting country. 《植物检疫证书》 4、Health or Sanitary Certificate issued by Official Authority exporing country. 《植物检疫证书》 5、Certificate of Weight issued by FOSFA-approved superintendent at seller’s option in 1 original and 2 copies. 《重量证书》 6、Certificate of Quality issued by FOSFA-approved superintendent at seller’s option in 1 original and 2 copies. 《质量证书》 7 Certificate of Ship’s Tanks,Pumps and Pipes issued by FOSFA-approved superintendent evidencing that the tanks,pumps and pipes are suitable to receive the oil in 1 original and 3 copies. 《船罐、泵、管道证书》由FOSFA认可的监督人开具以证明该船只适宜运输油类。 8 Certificate of last 3 cargoes issued by FOSFA-approved superintendent at seller’s option in 1 original and 2 copies. 该船舶最近三次的装货证明。 9 Certificate of Dry Certificate issued by FOSFA-approved superintendent at seller’s option in 1 original and 2 copies. 干燥证书，干船证书，《干舱证书》（货仓没有水） 10 Sanitary Certificate issued by FOSFA-approved superintendent at Seller’s option in 1 original and 2 copies. 《卫生证书》 11 Certificate for Additives issued by FOSFA-approved superintendent at Seller’s option in 1 original and 2 copies. 《食物添加剂证书》 12 Certificate for Pesticides issued by FO SFA-approved superintendent at Seller’s option in 1 original and 2 copies. 《杀虫剂证书》 13 Certificate for Contaminate issued by FOSFA-approved superintendent at Seller’s option in 1 original and 2 copies. 《污染证书》 14 Manufacturer’s Invoice in 1 original. 生产商发票正本 15)DECLARATION OF SHIPMENT:装船通知 The seller to advise the Buyer by email,telex or fax after completion of loading,contract number,name of commodity,B/L quantity,vessel's name,load port,time of departure and ETA discharge port. 卖方在货物装船完毕后通过电邮、传真等方式通知买方合同编号，货物名称，提单数量，船名航次，装货港，开船时间及预计到达港口等信息。 16）DISCHARGE TERMS:卸货条款 a)Buy undertaks to accept Master's notice of readiness when vessel is ready in all respects to discharge and laytime are to commence six(6) hours after notice of readiness tendered at Chanjiangkou(CJK),anchorage or when vessel in berth,whichever is earlier WCCON(Whether customs cleared or not),WIFPON(whether in free practique or not),WIPON(whether in port or not),WIBON(whether in berth or not).
买方承诺接受船主的备货通知（卸货准备完成通知），当船舶在各方面均已准备好卸货并且在船入长江口6个小时内，不管是在港湾还是已经停泊，不管是否清关，不管是否已检疫，不管是否在港口，不管是否已停泊。 b)If the vessel is required to discharge at Zhangjiagang,Zhenjiang,Taixing,Nantong,notice of readiness will be tendered at Changjiangkou(CJK),all waiting time for pilot at CJK is considered as used laytime.Steaming/Shifting time from CJK anchorage to the port of discharge will not count as laytime.If the vessel is required to anchor at Yangtze river during night fall as well as adverse weather,time used/waiting time will count as laytime.
如果船只要求在张家港、镇江、泰兴、南通卸货，卸货准备完成通知将在长江口提出，所有在长江口等待领航员的时间被视作卸货时间。从长江口到卸货港的转移时间不视作卸货时间。如果船只要求在扬子江停泊，包括夜晚和坏天气停播，所用时间/等待时间计入卸货时间。
c)Cargo to be discharged free of expense and risk to Sellers and to the vessel at the rate of 2,400 metric tons per Day,Saturday,Sunday and Holidays inclusive.Should the Buyers fail to receive goods at the aforesaid rate,the Buyers shall pay demurrage at the rate mentioned in the Charter Party.No dispatch Demurrage shall be settled within thirty days from receipt of Seller's invoice.
货船以每天（包括周六、周日及假日）2400公吨的效率免费卸货，风险卖方承担。要是买方没有以上面的效率受到货物，买方应按照租船合同收取滞期费。所有滞期费用均应自接到卖方发票后30日内处理完毕。
d)Seller is responsible for pumping oil out at their own expense over ship's rail and for sweeping and/or puddling also at their own expense.
卖方负责将油品自油管中抽出，费用自理、清扫。
e)Buyer is responsible for arranging discharging and will be responsible for all costs incurred at discharge,including barge lightening.
卖方负责安排卸货及卸货过程中产生的费用。
f)Waiting time for anchorage/berth to count as laytime.All time and expenses used in vessel shifting from one anchorage or berth or place of cargo operations to another for buyer's account and to count as laytime,even if such vessel shifting is ordered by port authority.
等待抛锚的时间算在卸货期间内。所有用在船舶从一处港口/地方转移到另一处港口/地方的时间和费用由买方承担并算在卸货期间内，即使转移是由港口要求的。
g)Laytime continus to count(including time used for tanks inspection) after completion of discharge to be for buyer's account until vessel's hoses disconnected.
滞期计算时间（包括游轮检疫时间）从买方卸货完毕到游轮管道分离。
h)Once on demurrage,always on demurrage.
延迟费连续计算。
i)Buyer to guarantee "x" meters salt water arrival draft at Jinjiang port throughout the entire inward river/water passage from the outmost anchorage/waiting area to the berth of discharge including approches to the outer most anchorage/waiting area.If arrival draft is less than "X" meters salt water at Jingjiang port,lighterage/lightening,if any,to be for Buyer's account.If vessel's arrival draft excceds "x" meters salt water at Jinjiang port,lighterage/lightering to be for account of seller against supporting vouchers and time used to count as laytime.
买方保证在靖江港的船舶吃水深度为“X”米，如果吃水深度低于“X”米，费用由买方承担。如果船舶在靖江港停泊的吃水深度超过“X”米，卸货由卖方负责，所用时间计入滞期时间。 j)At discharge,if weather comdition is extremetly bad,as such discharge is prevented,then laytime shall count at one half laytime.
在卸货过程中，如果天气极端恶劣不能卸货，那么滞期时间减半。
k)Discharge port agent to be at Seller's option .Seller shall only endeavour to appoint Buyer's preferred discharge port agent if it is requested by the buyer.
卸货港按照卖方意愿。如果买方要求，卖方应尽量指定港口代理。
17)FOOTS:
Tanks are to be well swept at the expense of the Seller to the satisfaction of the receivers.Buyer to accept delivery and clean oil contained herein as determined by official analysis from the official samples drawn shall become part of the contract. 驳船由卖方负责清洁至接货方满意。买方抽检油品的官方分析作为合同的一部分。 18）OTHER TERMS AND CONDITIONS:
其他条款和条件： a)Combination/commingling cargo allowed.Partial shipment allowed.
联合运输允许，部分装运允许。 b)seller shall advise demurrage rate with three working days after B/L date.
卖方应于提单日三个工作日内通知滞期费率。 c)If vessel's age is 15 years or over,Seller will pay over age premium to Buyer or pay nominated by Buyer of the following rate.Vessel age from 16 to 20 years old the overage premium would be 0.1%.Vessel age from 21 to 25 years old the overage premium would be 0.15%.
如果船舶年龄超过15年，卖方应按照如下比率付给买方老船加保费。船舶年龄在16-20年老船加保费在0.1%。船舶年龄在21-25年老船加保费在0.15%。 d)The overage premium to be paid by Seller within 30 working days after Buyer submits relative evidence to Seller.
卖方应在买方提出相关证明后30个工作日内将老船加保费支付给买方。 e)In the event the vessel arrives at discharge port before receipt of payment or operable LC received by Seller,Seller shall not permit discharge cargo until full payment is received,but laytime will count.
如果船舶在到岸后未收到货款或LC则卖方不会卸货直到收到全部货款。 f)If the vessel arrives at discharge port before Buyer's contractual obligation to pay and receipt of all required shipping documents in order then time to count for Seller's account; and vessel will discharge only at Seller's discretion.
如果船到卸货港但买方合同责任未履行或者所要求的全部运输单据未到达，滞期费用由卖方承担，是否卸货由卖方自行决定。 g)If the cargo cannot be dischagred in China for any reason whatsoever,then the Sellers will ,as agent for the buyers,arrange the forwarding and re-sale to the other buyers,whether within China or not.In that event ,the buyers will arrange release of the vessel(if required) and return the shipping documents to the sellers at no cost.The sellers will re-sell the goods on the buyers' behalf and shall remit to the buyers the proceeds of the resale,having deducted from that amount all damages arising from the failure to discharge in China,including but not limited to market difference,demurrage and /or detention,deviation cost etc.In case of dispute,the matter shall be referred to arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration Clause.
如若货物不管因何而不能在中国卸货，那么卖方，作为买方代理，安排货物卖给其他买方，不论是否为中国买方。此种情形下，买方将安排放货（如需要）并免费将船运单据返还给卖方。卖方将代表买方在此售卖货物并应将收益交还买方。扣除不能在中国停泊的所有损失，包括但不限于行情差异，滞期或滞留，偏差成本等。
h)If Chinese authorities demand oil to be treated and refined,seller shall not be liable for any related costs and consequences.
如果中国当局要求油品精炼，卖方不应承担相关费用和后果。
i) In the absence of original bills of lading ,the buyer must obtain corporate LOI with bank endorsement for cargo release unless otherwise as per mutual agreement.
如果没有正本提单，卖方必须有公司法人LOI 及有银行背书的卸货保函，除非另有双方认同的说明。
19)INSURANCE:保险
For buyer's account.买方承担
20)PERMITS/LICENCE/QUOTAS/DUTIES/TAXES OR LEVIES:
Any and all necessary import permits,licences,quotas,duties,taxes or levies,present and/of in future,are for the account and risk of the Buyer.Any failure on behalf of the buy to obtain same shall not constitute force majeure.
所有进口许可证，税收等，现在或将来，应由买方承担风险并付费。以上所有失败不构成不可抗力。
Buyer quarantees it has the right to enter into this agreement according to the rules,regulations and laws of the government of the importing country.Buyer hereby undertakes to ensure that all customs/import formalities are in good order prior to the vessel's arrival at discharge port.
买方承诺根据合同条款规定及进口国法律执行合同。买方在此保证所有进口手续均在船靠港前办妥。
In between contract date and date of discharge completion at destination,if import country authorities impose a requirement that requires the seller to perform an act,aeller's obligation shall be only to use commercially reasonable effort to satisfy that requirement.If seller is unable to satisfy that requirement,seller shall nevertheless be entibled to ship the goods and receive payment in accordance of the contract and Buyer shall be responsible for disposal of goods.Time used (if any) shall be for buyer's risk and expense.
在合同日期内如果进口国当局强迫卖方执行某事，卖方责任仅限于商业上的合理能力去满足以上要求。如果卖方不能满足以上要求，卖方依然有资格运输货物并根据合同条款收取报偿。并且买方负责处理货物。所需时间由买方负责承担风险和费用。
21）FORCE MAJEURE:
The force majeure clause of FOSFA81 applies to this contract. 22)INTERNATIONAL SHIP AND PORT SECURITY(ISPS) CODE:
Buyer is obligated to nominate a port and facility which is fully compliant with the security requirements.Any risks,including any delay,and expenses arising from the failure of the nominated port or facilities to be fully compliant with the security requirements or solely arising out of or related to security regulations or measures required by the port facility or any relevant authority in accordence with the security requirements,shall be borne by buyer,unless such dalays or expenses result from seller's or its vessel's negligence or active fault,and buyer shall directly pay or indeminfy seller for any such delay or expense. 买方有责任指定一个符合安全要求的港口和设备。任何风险，包括延期，涨价等。如果卖方没有成功指定符合安全条款要求而造成的损失应由买方承担，除非那些延期或费用因卖方或其船舶疏忽或者活性断层，买方应该直接付款或者赔偿卖方意思延期或损失。
23）ARBITRATION:
Should any dispute arise between the contracting parties to which no agreement can be reached ,these disputes shall be settled by arbitration,which shall take place in London in accordance with FOSFA Rules of Arbitration and Appeal.
如果合同双方对争议不能达成协议，争议应提起仲裁，根据FOSFA条款规定，仲裁地应该在英国。
24）SANCTION CLAUSE:处罚条款
The buyer acknowledges that applicable boycotts,regulations,embargoes,trade tariffs,sanctions,or any prohibitions of the European Union,the United States,and/or the United Nations or any orther applicable jurisdictions may prohibit or curtail certain commercial transactions with certain prohibited destinations,persons,entities,or vessels(hereinafter "Trade Restrictions").
买方应知悉适当的贸易抵制，规定，封港令，贸易关税，处罚或者任何欧盟，美国，联合国或其他任何当局主权可能禁止或其削减商业事务的港口、个人、企业或船只（以下简称贸易管制）。
The buyer warrants compliance with trade restrictions in all respects related directly or indirectly to the performance of this contract.This warranty refers particularly,but not exclusively,to any vessel employed in association with this contract(inclusive of whoever may own,control,operate or have chartered such vessel),to buyers' documentary instructions,to any intervening banks,and in general to any other person,company or entity associated with the performance of this contract.
买方承诺在直接或间接履行合同过程中遵守贸易管制。该承诺尤其但不仅仅涉及该合同所雇佣的船只（包括所有者，控制人，具体操作或租赁者），涉及买方单据须知，涉及中介银行，以及在合同履行过程中涉及的其他个人，公司，或社会团体。
Prior to and/or upon delivery,the Buyer warrants that any documentation tendered to the seller by the buyer,or the buyer's agents and/or representatives,shall evidence that any destination and/or recipient of the goods shall not contravene any Trade Restrictions.Without prejudice to seller's right at law or otherwise, a breach of such warranty shall entitle seller to;refuse to deliver the goods;refuse to continue with delivery of the goods;or reject or withdraw the acceptance of any vessel,with all costs,and liability being for buyer's account.
运输之前，买方保证所有单据已递交给卖方或者卖方的中介代理或代表，应证明任何货物最终目的地或接货人不应违反任何贸易管制。不歧视卖方在法律上或者其他方面的权利，违反该承诺则卖方有权利：拒绝运输货物，拒绝继续运输货物，或者撤回已发出的船舶，且所有费用、损失、责任由买方承担。 If,in the sole opinion of the seller,any part of the commercial transactions associated with this contract become subject to trade restrictions at any time during the term of the contract,then the seller may upon notice to the buyer,and without liability ,terminate the contract;such termination by the seller will not be considered as a breach of any of the seller's obligations under this contract .Such termination shall be without prejudice to the rights of the parties in respect of any breach of this contract occurring prior to such termination,or any liability accrued prior to such termination.
如果，卖方自主认为，该合同在履行期间与贸易管制的任何部分或任何时间适用于贸易管制，卖方应提前通知买方，但没有义务终止合同。由卖方作出的以上终止行为不作为违反在该合同中的卖方义务。不应歧视合同双方在该终止发生之前产生的责任与义务。 Buyer agrees that they shall indemnify and hold seller harmless for any costs,damages or liability which may arise,whatsoever,suffered by seller from or as a rusult of buyer's breach of this clause or buyer's contravention of trade restrictions.
不管是因卖方还是者买方因违返贸易管制而使该合同的履行遭受破坏，买方同意他们应赔偿并且承担卖方可能产生的费用或者损失，破坏或者责任。 26)GOVERNING CONTRACT(S):
All other terms and conditions when not in contradiction with the above will be as per FOSFA81 contract in force at time of shipment including,applicable,its extension clause.
其他未涉及合同装运时间及扩展条款遵守FOSFA81。 |
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