alone为形容词,意为“单独的”,只作表语,不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人,没有助手或同伴,没有感***彩的只表示客观的状态。
lonely意为“孤独的”,表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞,有较浓的感***彩,指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词,在句中作表语或定语。作定语时,意为“荒凉;偏僻”,多修饰表示地点的名词。
alone还可以作副词。 alone 副词 adv. 单独;独自 She went home alone. 她独自回家去了。 After his wife died, he lived alone. 他的妻子死后,他一个人生活。
real既是形容词又是副词,其意为"真的,真实的",在作副词时与true在意义上的主要区别是:real指人的感官觉得某物像"真的",多指真实存在的,而不是想象出来的。如:
Was it real or was it a dream? 这是真的还是个梦?
true既是形容词也是副词,意思是"真实的,真正的",其意义与real的区别是:true的"真实"是建立在已知的事实基础上,指与实际相符,不是"发明"或"编造"出来的。如:
This is a true story. 这是一个真实的故事。
Is the news true? 这消息是真的吗?
a movie based on a true story 一个以真实故事为背景的影片
true与real在某些情况下也可以通用,如在表示一件事情的实际情况与真实情况不符时,true与real都可以用。如:
Tell me the real/true reason why he resigned. 告诉我他辞职的真实原因。
He seems quiet but reveals his true/real character on the football field. 他看起来很安静但是在足球场上却展现了他真实的一面。
另外,在说到某事物时举例说他/它有其应有的"重要"性质时,二者均可使用。如:
She was his first real/true girlfriend. 她是他的第一个真正的女朋友。
This job will be a true/real test of the new system. 这项工作将会是对这个新系统的一次真实的检验。
real表示客观存在
real和true的区别: real强调人或事物真实的存在,而不是想像的或虚构的。true 则强调符合事实,是真的,而不是假的,是相符的,而不是编造的。【例】 father christmas isn't real.圣诞老人不是真有其人。 i'm learning to skate on real ice.我在真正的冰上学溜冰。 read through the passage first and then tell me which answer is true.先通读一遍这篇文章,然后告诉我哪个答案是正确的。 a true friend is a real friend.忠诚/忠实的朋友是真正的朋友。
real [ri:l] adj. 真实的; 真正的 that is a real dog, not a toy. 那是一只真狗,不是玩具狗。 that old woman's a real dragon! (喻) 那老妇人确实是个凶恶的家伙! that child is a real imp. (喻) 那孩子真是个小淘气。 the potato is a real monster. 这土豆可真大。 war is a real probability in the world today. "在今天的世界上,战争是确实可能发生的事。" 实数的 integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers are all real. 整数、有理数和无理数都是实数。
true [tru:] adj. 真实的;确实的 it is true that the city can provide much convenience and entertainment, the very reason people can't bear to part with city life. 确实,城市能提供许多方便和娱乐,这正是人们为什么不愿放弃城市生活的主要原因。 is it true that you are rich? 你很富有是真的吗? (与to连用)忠诚的,忠实的;忠心的 逼真的;一模一样的 安装或配置得准确无误的 the wheel is true. 这个轮子装得很正。
词性变化 true adv. 真实地 true, to change a custom is not easy. 确实,要改变一种风俗习惯并不容易。 准确地 true n. 真实;真理 the good, the beautiful, the true 真、善、美
两个词的主要含义不同:real指真实存在,非想象的。true表示与事实相符、真实的、非杜撰的。 另外,这两个词的一些含义可以通用,如真实的而非貌似真实的情况用true或real均可。表示某事物具有真正意义时,两词均可使用。
true:强调和事实相符,不是杜撰的 real:强调客观存在的,不是想象的;假的,捏造的
1.ago表示“从现在起的若干时间以前”,意思是“距今……以前”,需和过去时或过去进行时连用。before泛指“从过去起的若干时间以前”,意思是 “距过去某时……以前”“与其……(毋宁)”,常和完成时连用,尤其在间接引语中,如:I visited him three days ago, but he had gone to Shanghai a week before.我三天前去访问他,但他已与那时的一周前到上海去了。
His parents died ten years ago.他父母十年前都去世了。
He said that his parents had died ten years before.他说他父母亲十年前都去世了。
I have never been there before.我以前从来没有去过那里。
2.如果不具体表明多少时间以前,只用before不用ago,意为“从前、以前”。before仍以副词的形式置于被修饰语后,常与完成时候过去时连用。如:
Have you seen this film before?
He asked me whether I had been to the Great Wall before.
3.表示在某一点时间或事件以前时,只用before不用ago,这种用法是将before当作介词或连词使用。ago不具有这一功能。如:
They will come back before six o’clock.
It is hoped that this will be finished before the year 1995.希望这件工作将在1995年以前完成。
另外,before在句中的含义较多。不少句子中,before虽然引导的也是一个时间状语,但是译成汉语时却不必译为“在……以前”。
a.如果before引导的从句动作发生得晚或慢,可译成“……才”。这是主句主语或是名词、代词,或用it作形式主语.
He had almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我。
It will be hours before he arrives.要过几个钟头他才回到达。
You must sow before you can reap.有播种才能有收成。
b.如果强调从句动作发生之前,主句动作已发生,可译成“未……就”或“还没有……就”。
Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没有来得及插话,他就给我量号了尺寸。
Lu Ban built nine pavilions, but before he could finish the tenth, he heard a cock crowing.鲁班建了九个亭子,但他还没完成第十个就听到公鸡叫了起来。
c.有些句子中的before可译为“先……然后”、“先……再”。
Don’t count the chickens before they are hatched. 不要乐观得太早。
Be pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生,再做先生。
有些句中的before还可译为“在……内”、“趁”、“没”。
They arrived before I expected.我没想到他们到得那么早。
Study hard before it is too late.趁早努力学习。
I had better go now before it is too late.最好我现在就走,免得太迟.
I will be through this book before three days have passed.我要在三天内看完这几本书.
before sb.knew it 一类习惯说法,常译为“不知不觉……就”、“还没弄清……就”、“不知怎么地……就”。
Time passed quickly and three months went by before Aqiao knew it.时间飞快的流失,阿巧不知不觉地在那里度过了三个月。
He fell from the tree before he knew it.他不知怎地一下就从树上掉了下来。
4.加强语气,表示“早已”的意思或使叙述显得更生动,ago也可以用于完成时。如:
I had thought that he had died at least twenty years ago.我本以为他至少二十年前就去世了。
In fact, I have long time ago known the secret.其实我早就知道那个秘密。
5.在表示对过去事情猜测的“情态动词+have+过去分词”或“动词的非谓语形式+have+过去分词”的结构中,ago也可以和完成时连用。如:
The building is said to have been destroyed in a fire two years ago.据说那栋大楼在两年前的一场大火中已被烧毁。
The incident must taken place years ago.这是一定发生在好几年以前。
You can not have met him a moment ago.刚才你不可能遇见他。
He may have left an hour ago.他可能在一小时以前就走了。
Having read the article a week ago, I know it very well.一个星期以前我已读过这篇文章,我很熟悉。
already 和 yet
already和yet都可作“已经”讲
already一般用在完成时态的肯定句中。
Have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到尺子了吗? I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。 We have already read the book. 我们已看过这本书。
already若用在疑问句中,常表示吃惊意外的语气。此时already常放在句末。 如:Have you had your lunch already?)
Have you finished already? (我以为你没有做完,表示出乎意料。) Well, have you forgotten already? Two weeks ago, it had a baby. yet一般用在完成时态的否定句和疑问句中。 Have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到尺子了吗?
still和yet
still和yet都有“还”、“仍然”之意.
still表示“某事尚在进行中”,常用于肯定句中,也可用在疑问句或否定句中,在否定句中须放在否定词not之前。
yet表示“某事尚未发生或完成”,多用于否定句或带否定词的陈述句中。如: They were still neck and neck.他们还是齐头并进。 Does he still work in the factory?他还在那个工厂工作吗?
They still haven't got more money.他们直到现在还是没有得到更多的钱。 He has not yet begun to work.他尚未开始工作。 —Have you had your lunch?你吃过中饭了吗? —No,not yet.还没有。
She hasn't learned any English songs yet. 她末学唱过任何英文歌
also,too,either 与 as well 的用法区别 这四个词均可表示“也”,其区别如下: 1.too 和 as well 多用于口语中,语气较轻,通常用于肯定句或疑问句,一般不用于否定句,且通常放在句末.如: I like you too [as well].我也喜欢你. Are they coming too [as well]?他们也来吗? too 有时也紧跟在主语后(注:as well 不这样用),此用法较正式.如: I,too,know where he lives.我也知道他住在什么地方. 注意:在 Me too,You too这类简略答语中,通常不用 as well或also.如: A:I’m tired.我累了. B:Me too.我也是. 2.also 比 too 和 as well 正式,一般也不用于否定句,它在句中的位置通常是紧靠动词,即放在行为动词之前,特殊动词之后.有时为了强调也放在句末(但不常见).如: He also came./ He came also.他也来了. She is young and beautiful,and also rich.她年轻漂亮,而且有钱. 说明:also 有时用于句首(其后通常有逗号),相当于连词 and.如: Also,his mother was dead.再说,他母亲又过世了. 3.either(也)通常只用于否定句,且要放在句末.如: I don’t know,either.我也不知道. He hasn’t finished it,either.他也还没有做完. 注意:有时在肯定句之后跟一个否定句,可能用 too,also.如: He came,but she didn’t also came.他来了,但她没有也一起来. He went to Washington,but not to New York too.他去了华盛顿,但并不是也去了纽约. 比较 He didn’t buy a computer,and she didn’t either.他没买电脑,她也没买. He bought a computer,but she didn’t too.他买了台电脑,但她没有也买台电脑.
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