暑假专题——序数词、月份与日期、时间表达法

【同步教育信息】

一. 本周教学内容：

暑假专题——序数词、月份与日期、时间表达法

 

二. 本周教学重点与难点：

1. 基数词如何变成序数词

2. 日期前介词的使用

3. 表达时间的两种方式

 

三. 具体内容：

（一）序数词的构成

1. 序数词的基本构成一般是在相应的基数词后加-th，但要注意一些基数词变为序数词的不规则之处。

Eg. one—first     two—second   three—third   five—fifth   eight—eighth

       nine—ninth   twelve—twelfth

1. 以-ty结尾的基数词变序数词的规则是把y改为ie，再加-th。

Eg.twenty—twentieth  forty—fortieth  sixty—sixtieth   fifty—fiftieth

2. 多位的序数词只将末尾的基数词变为序数词，前面的位数不变。

Eg. twenty-one—twenty-first   thirty-five—thirty-fifth   eighty-six—eighty-sixth

3. 另外，序数词的简写形式用阿拉伯数字与序数词的最后两个字母表示。

Eg.5^th 第五     8^th第八    21^st 第二十一    103^rd 第一百零三

 

（二）序数词的基本使用

1. 表示日期

eg. Mellissa’s birthday is on April 22^nd.

    Christmas Day is on December25^th.

2. 表示第……

eg. Today we’ll learn the seventh lesson.

Our classroom is on the third floor.

He won the first prize.

 

（三）月份与日期

1. 月份前面不用冠词，它们的缩略形式如下：

January—Jan.       February—Feb.       March—Mar.

April—Apr.         May—May.         June—Jun.

July—Jul.         August—Aug.       September—Sept.

October—Oct.      November—Nov.     December—Dec.

 2. 美式英语表示日期，其顺序为“月+日+年”，英式英语为“日+月+年”。在年份前用逗号隔开，且“日”用序数词。

    Eg. He was born on May 2^nd, 2005.

       Today is 1^st August, 2004.

  3. 日期前介词的使用

   年、月前用in

   eg. He came to Beijing in June.

       She was in Americain 2000.

   日、天前用on

   eg. Linda is at homeon Sunday.

       NationalDay is on October 1^st.

 

（四）时间表达法

1. 顺读法：钟点数+分钟数

4:25—four twenty-five     7:00—seven o’clock

2. 逆读法：分钟数+介词（to/past）+钟点数，可分为两种情况。

（1）分钟数不超过半小时，即小于、等于30分钟，用分钟数+past+钟点数

eg. 4:23 – twenty-three past four       5:19—nineteen past five

（2）分钟数超过半小时，即大于30分钟时，用所差的分钟数+to+下一个钟点数

eg. 7:50—ten to eight       10:48—twelve to eleven

（3）英语习惯把15分钟(fifteen)称为一刻a quarter，30分钟(thirty)称为half

eg. 9:45—fifteen/ a quarter to ten; nine forty-five

   10:30—half past ten; ten thirty

3. 提问时间

What time is it? It’s nine thirty.

What is the time? It’s half past nine.

I usually get up at a quarter past six in the morning.

When/ What time do you get up in themorning?

 

四. 课堂练习

（一）单选。

1. —When were youborn? —       November 5th.

   A. In     B. At      C. On     D.Of

2. We work       weekdays and have a rest       weekends.

   A. on, at    B. at, on   C. in, on   D. at, in

3. We have two lessons       Monday morning.

   A. in     B. at     C. on      D. of

4. December is            month of the year.

    A. twelve    B. twelveth    C. twelfth    D. the twelfth

5. The school is not far from his home. He often rides to school       hisbike.

   A. by     B. in      C. on     D. at

 

（二）就划线部分提问。

1. Lisa has English on Tuesday.

                                                                             

2. It’s eight o’clock.

                                                                             

3. Hilda usually walks to school.

                                                                             

4. Hilda usually walks to school with her sister.

                                                                             

5. The students go to the park on Sundays.

                                                                             

 

（三）阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词填空。

by,   at,    don’t,   home,    early,   on,   begin,    basketball,   evening,  and

   1    weekdays, I get up at 6:30. I have breakfast at 7:00    2    then I go to school. I usually go toschool   3    bike.I get to school at about 7:30 every day. I   4    like to be late. Ourclasses   5     at 8:00. I have lunch    6     school.In the afternoon, classes are over at 3:30, and I get    7     at about 4:00. Butsometimes I don’t leave school so      8  ,because Iplay    9     there. Then I get home at 5:40.I have super at about 6:00. In the    10  , I do myhomework . I often watch TV, but sometimes I like to do some reading. I go tobed at about 10:00.

 

    以上答案请见名师面授！

 

【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）

一. 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。

 1. We are going to learn the         (one) lesson today.

  2. Lisa enjoys         (watch)TV in the evening.

  3. He plays computer games four        (time)a week.

  4. When is your          (brother)birthday, David?

  5. I learn many things at school and myfavorite        (subject)are math and physics.

 

二. 单选。

 1. We have no school         Sundays.

A. on     B. at     C. in     D. with

  2. He gets to Shanghai          the morning of Friday.

A. in     B. at     C. on     D. for

  3. My mother         cooking very much.

   A. enjoy    B. likes    C. like      D. likes to

  4. Mrs. Brown likes eating chicken, buttoday she       beef.

   A. like eating   B. like to toeat    C. likes toeat   D. eat

  5.        books are therein your backpack?

   A. How many    B. Howmuch     C.When      D. where

  6. They leave their school        July.

   A. in     B. on     C. from      D. at

 

三. 完型填空。

   My father is a farmer. He lives    1   my mother in a village. It is   2   the town of Ashland. My fathergrows rice and   3  . He worksvery hard. He   4   very early every morning. He   5   home at half past six and walks to the field. His work starts at seven o’clock. He   6   back home for lunch. He    7   a short rest after lunch. Then he goesback to work again. He often   8   his work at a quarter to two. He goes back homeat a quarter    9    seven. He usually goes to bed before nine o’clock. He    10   to bed earlier than my mother.

  1. A. and              B.with                    C.in front of       D. together

  2. A. in                      B.at              C.outside        D. out

  3. A. vegetables         B. vegetable         C.apples            D.food

  4. A. gets up          B. get up           C. put up          D. put on

  5. A. leave            B. leaves           C. go            D. goes

  6. A. get               B.comes          C. come            D. go

  7. A. have              B.make           C. has               D.does

  8. A. begin             B. begins           C. come                   D.comes

  9. A. past              B.at              C.from            D. in

10. A. go             B. goes            C. walk             D.walks

【试题答案】

一. 1.first     2. watching    3. times    4.brother’s    5. subjects

二. 1—6 A C B CA A

三. 1—5 B C A A B      6—10 B C B A B

 

【励志故事】

给思维转个身

1881年7月，美国总统詹姆斯·加菲尔德在华盛顿车站遇刺，身受重伤，住进了医院。时值盛夏，天气闷热难耐，加菲尔德总统危在旦夕，急需进行手术。由于室内温度太高，医生指出，只有将温度降到摄氏30度以下，才能保障手术的成功。无奈之余，政府只好把这一重任交给了一名叫谢多的美国工程师。

谢多曾经在矿山工作过，有着丰富的井下作业经验，他知道怎样对煤矿巷道内的空气进行稀释，从而把瓦斯的浓度降到最低。

然而，给室内的空气降温的事，在此之前的若干年，别说是谢多，就连一些科学家也从没想过。在许多人的实验中，除了高山上的冰雪，这世上根本就找不到可以人工降温的办法。

谢多是一位善于思考的工程师，他想，既然空气经过压缩之后会释放热量，那么压缩后的空气恢复到原来的正常状态，是不是会吸收热量呢？谢多立即动手进行实验，结果发现把压缩的空气还原，可以使周围的空气冷却。于是谢多给总统的病房安装了这样的机器，成功地使室内气温从摄氏37度降到了摄氏25度。谢多因此成为世界上第一台空调的发明者，从而使自己由一名默默无闻的工程师一跃成为一种崭新生活的开创者。而他所做的，仅仅是在众所周知的普遍原理的基础上给思维转个身而已。

不只是谢多，世界上巧妙利用逆向思维让自己走向成功的实例还有很多。一条路，当我们清楚地看到它的前方是个死胡同时，不妨试着转个身，也许柳暗花明的惊喜就在不远处！