作者︱本杰明·富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin)被视为资本主义精神最完美的代表,人类道德与理性的最佳诠释者,一个令人难以置信的通才,百科全书似的人物。作为政治家,他是美国独立运动的领导者、民主精神缔造者、《独立宣言》的起草者;同时,他还是最杰出的科学家、外交家、出版家、作家和社会实业家。但是,他出身贫寒,只念过两年书,通过刻苦自学,坚持不懈地努力奋斗,取得了这一切令人难以置信的成就。 他对个人品格有近乎苛刻的追求,他在1771年出版了《自传》,这13条“道德戒律”被列在《自传》之首,他也在《自传》中描述了他进行道德修炼的方法。这本《自传》改变无数年轻人命运。他,就是本杰明·富兰克林(1706— 1790)。他所倡导的奋斗精神,为千千万万梦想事业有成的青年指明了通往成功的捷径。——托马斯·杰斐逊(美国总统) TEMPERANCE. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation.2. 节言:于人于己不利的话不说,避免琐碎的闲聊;SILENCE. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.ORDER. Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time.4. 决心:该做的事情一定要做,决心要做的事情一定要做好;RESOLUTION. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve.FRUGALITY. Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing.6. 勤劳: 珍惜时间, 时间要花在做有用的事情上,力戒无意义的举动;INDUSTRY. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.7. 诚实:力戒虚伪欺诈,心存良知与公正,说话亦如此;SINCERITY. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.8. 正直:不做有损他人的事情,要做对人们有益的事情,这是你的义务;JUSTICE. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty.9. 中庸: 不走极端, 别人对你的冒犯, 若是正当,就要善于容忍;MODERATION. Avoid extreams; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.CLEANLINESS. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, cloaths, or habitation.11. 宁静:对待琐事、平常事或者不可避免之事,不可自扰;TRANQUILLITY. Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.12. 贞节:不要纵欲过度,有伤身体,切忌损害自己或者他人的安宁和名誉;CHASTITY. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dulness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation.HUMILITY. Imitate Jesus and Socrates. 我的意思在于养成习惯,奉行这些道德准则。对于上述准则,我以为不要同时去实施,免得分散注意力,而是在一段时间里专注实行一种准则;等到一种美德养成了习惯,再实行下一种,直到把十三条完全做到。先获得的美德有利于其他美德的培养。基于这种观点,我把所有的美德按照上述顺序加以排列。
|