附英文视频 | 最常见的五种幼龄动物骨关节疾病(I)

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编译 | 周珞平 贝肯菲（上海）宠物医院院长

编辑 | 机智的小Q

原文作者：Pilar Lafuente, DVM, PhD, DACVS, DECVS,Royal Veterinary College 

图片资料：SAO，Birkenfeld Shanghai

本文在髋关节发育不良的图文介绍之外，重点见下面的视频，可见其中有两位中国的才俊兽医用流利的英文介绍该疾病。你有什么感触吗？我有~，这两位兽医都结了婚、有宝宝（还都是俩，哈哈）、有自己的医院、自己的团队，百忙之中还在不断学习进步、精益求精，工作和生活都没当误。良好的时间管理，坚持的信念一定可以安排好对自己重要的事情，比如，英语。它是非常好的快速获取专业新知识，开拓眼界的一种有效方式。面对想要获取的东西，同时又很忙，那就对其一拜拜吧，或找一种平衡方式与它友好相处。VetStar每日兽医英语会陪你一起进步。

郭灿（Grace）

Many orthopedic conditions can affect dogs and cats. Some start at an early age, with consequences that may remain throughout the animal’s life. Joint pathologies are of particular concern because of the likely development of secondary osteoarthritis (OA), a common cause of chronic pain and lameness in adult dogs. 

犬猫会有很多骨科方面的疾病，有些会从动物幼年开始发展并伴随终生。关节的问题尤其需要注意，关节疾病所继发的骨关节炎是成年动物最常见的引起慢性疼痛和跛行的原因。

Although clinicians may be presented with various congenital deformities and conditions, the common orthopedic pathologies found in juvenile patients include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, medial patellar luxation (MPL), shoulder osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), and panosteitis. 

临床上有很多先天性的骨关节异常和疾病，最常见的幼年的问题包括：髋关节发育不良、肘关节发育不良、髌骨内侧脱位、肩关节剥落性骨软骨炎、以及全骨炎。

髋关节疾病

1

Hip Dysplasia 髋关节发育不良

This pathology has a multifactorial etiology that affects the coxofemoral joint, most commonly in large-breed dogs (especially the German shepherd dog), but can also affect small-breed dogs and cats. Genetic and environmental factors can lead to joint laxity, which subsequently causes abnormal development of the acetabulum and femoral head, ultimately resulting in OA.

这是髋骨关节的多因素疾病，常见于大型犬（尤其是德国牧羊犬），但同样可见于小型犬和猫。遗传因素和环境影响导致关节松弛，进而导致髋臼和股骨头的异常发育，最终导致骨关节炎的发生。

 Diagnosis in young patients is based on clinical signs (eg, difficulty in rising, swinging of the hindlimbs, pain, subluxation and laxity of the femoral head [Ortolani test]). Radiographic findings that confirm hip dysplasia are joint subluxation, incongruency, and early degenerative changes. 

对于年轻动物的诊断基于临床症状（如起身困难、后肢摇摆、疼痛、股骨头的亚脱位和松弛[Ortolani测试]）。用来判断髋关节发育不良的放射学征象包括：关节松弛、关节不一致、早期的退行性变化等。

Treatment depends on the severity of clinical signs; if mild, a nonsurgical approach (eg, weight management, NSAIDs, joint supplements, exercise modification, physiotherapy) can be elected. 

对于髋关节发育不良的治疗取决于临床症状的严重程度，如果症状轻微可以尝试非手术的方法（例如体重管理、非甾体类抗炎药、关节补充剂、运动调节以及物理疗法）。

Some surgical therapies are performed during early stages of the disease, before skeletal maturity and development of OA, to relieve clinical signs and limit disease progression. Case selection is important, as some factors (eg, age, subluxation and reduction angles, acetabular coverage of the femoral head) may affect the success of these procedures (eg, juvenile pubic symphysiodesis[JPS], triple pelvic osteotomy [TPO], double pelvic osteotomy [DPO]).

也可以在疾病早期（骨骼未成熟及骨关节炎未发生）采取一些手术方法来减缓临床症状及限制疾病发展。很多因素（如年龄、脱出角/复位角、髋臼对股骨头的覆盖度等）都会影响手术的预后，因此需要选择合适的病例进行手术。

Salvage procedures (eg, total hip replace- ment, femoral head and neck excision) are usually reserved for severe cases that do not respond to conservative treatment and are performed after growth has ceased.

可选择的手术方案包括幼年耻骨联合融合术（JPS）、三次骨盆切开术（TPO）、二次骨盆切开术（DPO）。对于保守治疗无效的动物，可在骨骼生长停止后进行拯救性手术（如全髋置换术、股骨头和股骨颈切除术）。

犬髋关节发育不良及全髋置换术介绍 

（来源：SAO）