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[学科] 中医 ①traditional Chinese medicine②traditional Chinesephysician ①中医学的简称。②本学科专业职业队伍。 中药 Chinesemateria medica 在中医理论指导下应用的药物。包括中药材、中药饮片和中成药等。 中医学 traditionalChinese medicine 以中医药理论与实践经验为主体，研究人类生命活动中健康与疾病转化规律及其预防、诊断、治疗、康复和保健的综合性科学。 中药学 Chinese materiamedica 中药学科的统称。研究中药基本理论和各种药材饮片、中成药的来源、采制、性能、功效、临床应用等知识的学科。 中医药 traditionalChinese medicine and pharmacology 本草：Materia medica 中药：Chinese materiamedica，Chinese medicinals(包括植物药、动物药、矿物药等） 中草药：Chinese HerbalMedicine,Chinese medicinal herbs 中药学：Chinese pharmaceutics 药材：Medicinalsubstance(material) 中西医结合 integration of traditional and western medicine 中医基础理论 basictheory of traditional Chinese medicine 中医诊断学 diagnostics of traditional Chinese medicine 方剂学 prescriptions of Chinese materia medica， Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae/ prescriptions 中医内科学 internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine
[阴阳]The Theory of Yinand Yang 阴阳对立：Opposition of yin andyang 阴阳制约：Restriction of/between yin and yang 阴阳互根：Interdependence ofyin and yang 阴阳消长：Waxing and waning ofyin and yang 阴阳转化：Inter-transformationof yin and yang
[五行学说]The Theory of FiveElements 五行：water，fire，wood，metal，soil 生：promote, generate,engender 克： act, restrict,restrain 乘：overact,over-restrict, over-restrain, subjugate, overwhelm 侮：counteract,counter-restrict, counter-restrain, rebel
[整体观念] concept of organicwholeness辩证法 dialectics 生长化收藏 sprouting, growth，transformation，ripening，storage 内外环境统一性 the unity betweenthe internal and external environments 机体自身整体性 the integrity of thebody itself 古代唯物论和辩证法 classic Chinesematerialism and dialectics 矛盾统一the contradictoryunity 互相联系、相互影响related to each otherand influence each other 标本 Biao (secondaryaspect) and Ben (primary aspect) 本质与现象nature and phenomena 矛盾的普遍性和特殊性universality andspeciality of contradictions 寒者热之Cold disease shouldbe treated by warm therapy 热者寒之warm disease shouldbe treated by cold therapy 虚者补之deficiency syndromeshould be treated by tonifying therapy 实者泻之excess syndromeshould be treated by purgation therapy 治病必求其本 Treatment ofdiseases must concentrate on the root cause 同病异治 treatment ofthe same disease with different therapeutic methods 异病同治 treatment ofdifferent diseases with the same therapeutic method
[精气神] 清阳为天 The lucid Yangascends to form the heaven 浊阴为地 The turbid Yindescends to constitute the earth 气化 Qitransformation 升降出入 ascending,descending, going out, coming in 出入废则神机化灭，升降息则气立孤危。 If the activities of going out and coming intostop, the transforming mechanism of Shen (Spirit) will be damaged; if theactivities of ascending and descending stop, Qi will be immediately isolatedand endangered. 精气 Jingqi(Essential-Qi) 先天之精 prenatalessence 后天之精 postnatalessence 神 Shen (spirit) 形神学说 the theory ofbody and spirit 形与神俱 the body andthe Shen (Spirit) exist simultaneously 形神统一 the unitybetween the body and the Shen (Spirit)
[治则] 病邪 pathogenicfactors 正气存内，邪不可干。 Sufficient Healthy-Qi inside the body will preventinvasion of pathogenic factors. 邪之所凑，其气必虚。 The region where pathogenic factors invades mustbe deficient in Qi. 顺四时而适寒暑，和喜怒而安居处 Abidance to the changes of the four seasons,active adapation to cold and heat, harmony of emotional changes and peacefulliving. 养生防病，延年益寿 cultivating health, preventing disease andprolonging life
[气血津液] 气化 qi transformation 气机 qi movement 元气（原气）primordial ( yuan qi) 真气genuine qi (zhenqi) 宗气pectoral qi (zong qi) 营气nutritive qi( yingqi) 卫气defensive qi(wei ai) 气的推动功能 promotingaction of Qi 气的温煦功能 warming actionof Qi 气的防御功能 defendingaction of Qi 气的固摄功能 controllingaction of Qi 气的气化功能 action of QiTransformation
[血] 水谷精微 cereal essence 营气和津液 nutrient qiand body fluid 营养和滋润 nourishing andmoistening 血主濡之。 Blood is responsible for nurturing body. 中焦受气取汁，变化而赤，是谓血。 The middle energizer receives qi, takes the juiceand transforms into red liquid called blood. 血虚 blooddeficiency/asthenia 血瘀 bloodstasis/stagnation 血热 blood-heat 血寒 blood-cold 出血 hemorrhage
[津液] 津液Body fluid /Jin andYe 稠厚度thickness 成分，功能，分布property,function,distribution 分泌物secreta 胆汁、肠液、鼻涕、眼泪、汗液、尿液gastric juice, intestinal juice, nasal discharge, tears, sweat, urine 形成formation 分布distribution 排泄excretion 脾的传输transmitting of thespleen 肺的宣降dispersing anddescenging of the lung 肾的蒸腾气化steaming andtransforming of the kidney 三焦为通道the triple energizerserve as the passage-way 饮入于胃，游溢精气，上输于脾，脾气散精，上归于肺，通调水道，下输膀胱，水精四布，五经并行。 After food and water have entered the stomach,they are digested and transformed into food essence and then, transmittedupward to the spleen, which disperses the essence upward to the lung and thelung regulates water pathways downward to the urinary bladder. And by doing sobody fluid is finally disseminated to all parts of the body along all themeridians and collaterals. body fluid is formed from food and water bydigestion and absorption of the stomach, separating the clarity from theturbidity of the small intestine and tramformation of the spleen; thedistribution and excretion of body fluid are accomplished by the joint actionof many zang-fu organ, such as the transforming function of the spleen, thedispersing and descending function of the lung, the steaming and ascendingfunction of the kidney; and body fluid takes triple energizer as itspassageway for distribution and excretion. (1)津液由胃中消化吸收、小肠进行分清别浊、脾运化的水谷中形成。(2)津液的分布和排泄由许多脏腑组织共同完成，如脾的运化功能、肺的宣发肃降功能、肾的蒸发沉降功能。(3)津液以三焦为通道进行分布和排泄。 [藏象学说]The Theory ofVisceral Manifestations 脏腑 the internalorgans,viscera. 藏/脏 solid organs, viscera, depots, zang organs, yin organs 府/腑 hollow organs, bowels (the intestines), palaces, fu organs, yang organs 五脏 five viscera,five zang organs, the yin organs 六腑 six bowels,six fu organs, the yang organs 心，肝，脾，肺，肾 heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney 胆，胃，大肠，小肠，膀胱，三焦 gallbladder, stomach, large intestine, smallintestine, (urinary) bladder, triple energizer/burner 奇恒之腑 extraordinaryfu organs 脑、髓、骨、脉、胆、女子胞 brain, marrow, bone, vessel, gallbladder, uterus 心包 pericardium 上/中/下焦 upper/ middle/lower energizer/burner 命门 gate of life, life gate, vital gate, gate of vitality 苗窍 signal orifice 膻中 thoracic center 膜（募）原 interior-exteriorinterspace 五神 five emotions 五华 five lustre 五体 five bodyconstituents 五志 five minds 五液 five humors 七情 seven emotions 膏肓cardio-diaphgramaticinterspace 丹田Dantan /Elixir field 赤白肉际：dorso-ventralboundary (of the hand or foot), house of blood (血府): blood vessel house of marrow (髓府): bone sea of blood (血海): liver (orconception vessel) sea of marrow (髓海): brain blood chamber (血室): uterus (orconception vessel) essence chamber (精室):life gate 藏精气而不泻 storing essencewithout leaking 传化物而不藏 digesting andtransporting food and drink without storing essence /transform food intoessence but not store it 心主血脉。The heart governs theblood and (blood ) vessels. The heart regulates the flow of blood.(circulation) 心藏神。The heart stores thespirit. 心开窍于舌。The heart opens intothe tongue. 舌为心之苗窍。The tongue is thesprout of the heart. 心，其华在面。 The Heart’s brilliance manifests in the face. The heart’s bloom is in the face. The heart has its outward manifestations on theface. 心与小肠相表里。 The heart stands in interior-exterior relationshipwith the small intestine. 肺主气，通调水道。 The lung governs qi. The lung regulates the waterways. The lungs move and adjust the Water Channels. 肺主皮毛。 The lung governs the skin and [body] hair. The lung is in charge of the body surface. 肺合皮毛。 The lung is interrelated with the skin and [body]hair. The brilliance of the Lungs manifests in the bodyhair. In other words, the Lungs regulate the secretionof sweat, the moistening of the skin, and resistance to External PerniciousInfluences. 肺开窍于鼻。The lung opens at thenose. 鼻为息道。The nose is the“thoroughfare for respiration”. Many common nose and throat disorders aretherefore treated through the Lungs. 肺与大肠相表里。 The lung stands in interior-exterior relationshipwith the large intestine. The lung governs qi and the heart governs blood. 肺为贮痰之器，脾为生痰之源。 The lung is the receptacle that holds phlegm andthe spleen is the source of phlegm formation. 肺为气之主，肾为气之根。 The lung is the governor of qi and the kidney isthe root of qi. 肺主一身之表。 The lung is in charge of the body surface. 肺主气，司呼吸。 The lung governs qi, performsrespiration/controlls breathing 主宣发肃降governsdisseminating, cleansing and descending/ governs diffusion, purification anddescending 通调水道 regulates thewaterways 肺朝百脉,主治节 The lung connecting all vessels/The lung faces allthe blood vessels, governs management and regulation 脾主运化水谷，输布精微。 The spleen governs movement （transportation) andtransformation of grain and water and distribution of its essence. 脾统血。 The spleen manages the blood. 脾主肌肉和四肢，开窍于口。 The spleen governs the flesh and limbs, and opensinto the mouth. 胃主受纳和腐熟水谷。 Take in, food intake Decompose, digest food into chyme The stomach governs intake and decomposition （digestion ) of grain and water. 升清 Send clarity (pure) upward 小肠主泌别清浊。 The small intestine governs separation of theclear and the turbid. 大肠主传化糟粕。 the large intestine governs transformation andconveyance of waste. 肝主疏泄。 The liver governs free coursing, which refers toliver qi’s physiological function of ensuring smooth free flow (of qi andblood). Ensuring smooth and regular floe of qi; 胆汁的化生和排泄 Secretion and discharge of bile Emotional disturbance: mental depression, impatience,etc. 肝藏血。 The liver stores blood. 肝藏血是指肝有贮存血液和调节血量的作用。 The liver is capable of retaining blood andregulating the amount of blood in the body. 食气入胃，淫精于肝。 Food qi enters the stomach and sends essence tothe liver. 肝主筋，其华在爪。 The liver governs the sinews; its bloom is thenails. 肝主筋。爪为筋之余。肝，其华在爪。 The liver governs the sinews: the movement of allthe sinews of the body is associated with the liver. 肝开窍于目。The liver opens atthe eyes. 肾藏精，主生长、发育和生殖。 The kidney stores essence (or essential qi), andis responsible for growth, development, and reproduction. （maturation) 肾主骨、生髓。 The kidney governs the bones and engenders marrow. 肾主水。 The kidney governs water. 肾开窍于耳和二阴。其华在发。 The kidney opens into the ears and the two yin(the two private parts: the urethra and anus) and its bloom is in the hair ofthe head. Kidney yin (true yin, original yin) has a moisten and nourish 滋养和濡润 warm and activate推动和温煦 produce and store essence 化生和贮藏精气 receive, trsport and transform water and food 受盛和传化水谷 Viscera inside the body must manifest themselvesexternally. 有诸内，必形诸外。 Kidney yin and kidney yang are in reality twoantagonistic and complementary aspects of kidney essential qi. Detriment (damage or harm) to yin affects yang. Detriment to yang affects yin
[病因]Etiology 邪，病邪 Evil; Pathogenicfactor; Pathogen 六淫six excesses; sixexogenous pathogenic factors; six climatic pathogenic factors; Six externalpernicious influences 风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火 wind, cold,summer-heat, dampness, dryness,fire 外感六淫diseases caused byexogenous pathogenic factor 六气Six qi;Six naturalfactors;Six climatic factors;Six climatic influences；Six exogenous qi 疫疠（疠气）Pestilence;pestilential qi 内生五邪 Five EndogenousPathogenic Factors;Five Internal Pernicious Influences 七情 seven emotions;seven affects 喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊 joy, anger, melancholy (sadness, worry), anxiety (pensiveness,contemplation), grief (sorrow), fear, fright 七情内伤internal damage dueto seven emotions 饮食Improper diet;imbalanced diet 内伤脾胃，百病由生。 Internal damage of the spleen and stomach willresult in the occurrence of various diseases./The occurrence of variousdiseases may result from the internal damage of the spleen and stomach. 外伤 traumaticinjuries 跌打损伤，金刃伤，虫兽咬伤 Traumatic injuries due to fall, cuts, insect or animal bites 痰饮 Phlegm－fluid 瘀血 Blood stasis
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