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一、数据缓存 这里所说的数据缓存是指数据库查询缓存，每次访问页面的时候,都会先检测相应的缓存数据是否存在，如果不存在，就连接数据库，得到数据，并把查询结果序列化后保存到文件中，以后同样的查询结果就直接从缓存表或文件中获得。 用的最广的例子看Discuz的搜索功能，把结果ID缓存到一个表中，下次搜索相同关键字时先搜索缓存表。 二、页面缓存 每次访问页面的时候，都会先检测相应的缓存页面文件是否存在，如果不存在，就连接数据库，得到数据，显示页面并同时生成缓存页面文件，这样下次访问的时候页面文件就发挥作用了。(模板引擎和网上常见的一些缓存类通常有此功能)。 三、时间触发缓存 检查文件是否存在并且时间戳小于设置的过期时间,如果文件修改的时间戳比当前时间戳减去过期时间戳大，那么就用缓存，否则更新缓存。 四、内容触发缓存 当插入数据或更新数据时，强制更新缓存。 五、静态缓存 这里所说的静态缓存是指静态化，直接生成HTML或XML等文本文件，有更新的时候重生成一次，适合于不太变化的页面，这就不说了。 六、内存缓存 <?php $memcache = new Memcache; $memcache->connect('localhost', 11211) or die ('Could not connect'); $version = $memcache->getVersion(); echo 'Server's version: '.$version.'\n'; $tmp_object = new stdClass; $tmp_object->str_attr = 'test'; $tmp_object->int_attr = 123; $memcache->set('key', $tmp_object, false, 10) or die ('Failed to save data at the server'); echo 'Store data in the cache (data will expire in 10 seconds)\n'; $get_result = $memcache->get('key'); echo 'Data from the cache:\n'; var_dump($get_result); 读库的例子: <?php $sql = 'SELECT * FROM users'; $key = md5($sql); //memcached 对象标识符 if ( !($datas = $mc->get($key)) ) { // 在 memcached 中未获取到缓存数据，则使用数据库查询获取记录集。 echo 'n'.str_pad('Read datas from MySQL.', 60, '_').'n'; $conn = mysql_connect('localhost', 'test', 'test'); mysql_select_db('test'); $result = mysql_query($sql); while ($row = mysql_fetch_object($result)) $datas[] = $row; // 将数据库中获取到的结果集数据保存到 memcached 中，以供下次访问时使用。 $mc->add($key, $datas); } else { echo 'n'.str_pad('Read datas from memcached.', 60, '_').'n'; } var_dump($datas); 七、PHP的缓冲器、加速器 有eaccelerator， apc， phpa，xcache，这个这个就不说了吧，搜索一堆一堆的，自己看啦，知道有这玩意就OK。 八、MYSQL缓存 这也算非代码级的，经典的数据库就是用的这种方式，看下面的运行时间，0.09xxx之类的 [client] …… default-character-set=gbk default-storage-engine=MYISAM max_connections=600 max_connect_errors=500 back_log=200 interactive_timeout=7200 query_cache_size=64M …… table_cache=512 …… myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size=100G myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M key_buffer_size=1024M read_buffer_size=512M …… thread_concurrency=8 九、基于反向代理的Web缓存 如Nginx，SQUID，mod_proxy(apache2以上又分为mod_proxy和mod_cache) <nginx.conf> #user nobody; worker_processes 4; error_log logs/error.log crit; pid logs/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 10240; events { use epoll; worker_connections 51200; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; tcp_nodelay on; # server pool upstream bspfrontsvr { server 10.10.10.224:80 weight=1; server 10.10.10.221:80 weight=1; } upstream bspimgsvr { server 10.10.10.201:80 weight=1; } upstream bspstylesvr { server 10.10.10.202:80 weight=1; } upstream bsphelpsvr { server 10.10.10.204:80 weight=1; } upstream bspwsisvr { server 10.10.10.203:80 weight=1; } upstream bspadminsvr { server 10.10.10.222:80 weight=1; } upstream bspbuyersvr { server 10.10.10.223:80 weight=1; } upstream bspsellersvr { server 10.10.10.225:80 weight=1; } upstream bsploginsvr { server 10.10.10.220:443 weight=1; } upstream bspregistersvr { server 10.10.10.220:80 weight=1; } log_format test_com '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '$request' ' '$status $body_bytes_sent '$http_referer' '$http_user_agent' '; #-------------------------------------------------------------------- #img.test.com server { listen 10.10.10.230:80; server_name img.test.com; location / { proxy_pass http://bspimgsvr; include proxy_setting.conf; } access_log logs/img.log test_com; } #style.test.com server { listen 10.10.10.230:80; server_name style.test.com; location / { proxy_pass http://bspstylesvr; include proxy_setting.conf; } access_log logs/style.log test_com; } #help.test.com server { listen 10.10.10.230:80; server_name help.test.com; location / { proxy_pass http://bsphelpsvr; include proxy_setting.conf; } access_log logs/help.log test_com; } #admin.test.com server { listen 10.10.10.230:80; server_name admin.test.com; location / { proxy_pass http://bspadminsvr; include proxy_setting.conf; } access_log logs/admin.log test_com; } #buyer.test.com server { listen 10.10.10.230:80; server_name buyer.test.com; location / { proxy_pass http://bspbuyersvr; include proxy_setting.conf; } access_log logs/buyer.log test_com; } #seller.test.com server { listen 10.10.10.230:80; server_name seller.test.com; location / { proxy_pass http://bspsellersvr; include proxy_setting.conf; } access_log logs/seller.log test_com; } #wsi.test.com server { listen 10.10.10.230:80; server_name wsi.test.com; location / { proxy_pass http://bspwsisvr; include proxy_setting.conf; } access_log logs/wsi.log test_com; } #www.test.com server { listen 10.10.10.230:80; server_name www.test.com *.test.com; location ~ ^/NginxStatus/ { stub_status on; access_log off; } location / { proxy_pass http://bspfrontsvr; include proxy_setting.conf; } access_log logs/www.log test_com; error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } } #login.test.com server { listen 10.10.10.230:443; server_name login.test.com; ssl on; ssl_certificate cert.pem; ssl_certificate_key cert.key; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4 RSA: HIGH: MEDIUM: LOW: SSLv2: EXP; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; location / { proxy_pass https://bsploginsvr; include proxy_setting.conf; } access_log logs/login.log test_com; } #login.test.com for register server { listen 10.10.10.230:80; server_name login.test.com; location / { proxy_pass http://bspregistersvr; include proxy_setting.conf; } access_log logs/register.log test_com; } } <conf/proxy_setting.conf> proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_connect_timeout 90; proxy_send_timeout 90; proxy_read_timeout 90; proxy_buffer_size 4k; proxy_buffers 4 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; apache mod_proxy的例子: <VirtualHost *> ServerName jb51.net ServerAdmin admin@zxsv.com # reverse proxy setting ProxyPass / http://jb51.net:8080/ ProxyPassReverse / http://jb51.net:8080/ # cache dir root CacheRoot '/var/www/proxy' # max cache storage CacheSize 50000000 # hour: every 4 hour CacheGcInterval 4 # max page expire time: hour CacheMaxExpire 240 # Expire time = (now - last_modified) * CacheLastModifiedFactor CacheLastModifiedFactor 0.1 # defalt expire tag: hour CacheDefaultExpire 1 # force complete after precent of content retrived: 60-90% CacheForceCompletion 80 CustomLog /usr/local/apache/logs/jb51_net_access_log combined </VirtualHost> 十、DNS轮询 BIND是一款开放源码的DNS服务器软件，这个要说起来就大了，自己搜索去，大家知道有这个东西就行了。 我知道的有chinacache等大站就是这样做的，说简单点就是多服务器啦，把同一个页面或文件缓存到不同的服务器上，按南北自动解析到相关的服务器中。 |
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