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船方模板及PSCO检查标准——弃船演习

 PSCReady公众号 2020-11-27
弃船演习每月一次,是PSC检查的重点,这期小文分四个部分,第一部分是公约要求,第二部分是船方执行要点,第三部分是PSCO缺陷判断标准,第四部分是常见缺陷举例。船方可以根据PSCO的判断标准进行针对性的准备。感谢各位来稿的朋友,感谢本期作者(资深PSCO)的精彩文章,也请各位支持下作者,转发、点赞、打赏均归原作者。
公约依据

SOLASII-2 R15-instruction ,on board and training

SOLASIII R19-Emergency training and drills ,

公约条文比较繁复,主要规定涵盖在 SOLAS公约第3章第 19.3.4条之中

3.4.1 Each abandon ship drill shall include :

.1 summoning of passengers and crew to muster stations with the alarm required by regulation 6.4.2 followed by drill announcement on the public address or other communication system and ensuring that they are made aware of the order to abandon ship;

.2 reporting to stations and preparing for the duties described in the muster list;

.3 checking that passengers and crew are suitably dressed;

.4 checking that lifejackets are correctly donned;

.5 lowering of at least one lifeboat after any necessary preparation for launching;

.6 starting and operating the lifeboat engine;

.7 operation of davits used for launching liferafts;

.8 a mock search and rescue of passengers trapped in their staterooms;and

.9 instruction in the use of radio life-saving appliances.

3.4.2 Different lifeboats shall, as far as practicable, be lowered in compliance with the requirements of paragraph 3.4.1.5 at successive drills.

3.4.3 Except as provided in paragraphs 3.4.4 and 3.4.5, each lifeboat shall be launched, and manoeuvred in the water by its assigned operating crew, at least once every three months during an abandon ship drill.

3.4.4 In the case of a lifeboat arranged for free-fall launching, at least once every three months during an abandon ship drill the crew shall board the lifeboat, properly secure themselves in their seats and commence launch procedures up to but not including the actual release of the lifeboat (i.e., the release hook shall not be released). The lifeboat shall then either be free-fall launched with only the required operating crew on board, or lowered into the water by means of the secondary means of launching with or without the operating crew on board. In both cases the lifeboat shall thereafter be manoeuvred in the water by the operating crew. At intervals of not more than six months, the lifeboat shall either be launched by free-fall with only the operating crew on board, or simulated launching shall be carried out in accordance with the guidelines developed by the Organization*.

* Refer to Measures to prevent accidents with lifeboats (MSC.1/Circ.1206).

3.4.5 The Administration may allow ships operating on short international voyages not to launch the lifeboats on one side if their berthing arrangements in port and their trading patterns do not permit launching of lifeboats on that side. However, all such lifeboats shall be lowered at least once every 3 months and launched at least annually.

3.4.6 As far as is reasonable and practicable, rescue boats other than lifeboats which are also rescue boats, shall be launched each month with their assigned crew aboard and manoeuvred in the water. In all cases this requirement shall be complied with at least once every 3 months.

3.4.7 If lifeboat and rescue boat launching drills are carried out with the ship making headway, such drills shall, because of the dangers involved, be practised in sheltered waters only and under the supervision of an officer experienced in such drills.*

* Refer to the Guidelines on Training for the Purpose of Launching Lifeboats and Rescue Boats from Ships Making Headway through the Water adopted by the Organization by resolution A.624(15).

3.4.8 If a ship is fitted with marine evacuation systems, drills shall include exercising of the procedures required for the deployment of such a system up to the point immediately preceding actual deployment of the system. This aspect of drills should be augmented by regular instruction using the on-board training aids required by regulation 35.4. Additionally every system party member shall, as far as practicable, be further trained by participation in a full deployment of a similar system into water, either on board a ship or ashore, at intervals of not longer than 2 years, but in no case longer than 3 years. This training can be associated with the deployments required by regulation 20.8.2.

3.4.9 Emergency lighting for mustering and abandonment shall be tested at each abandon ship drill.

公约规定比较笼统,执行起来可以按照下面操作

船方参考执行模板

弃船演习

满足

在切实可行的情况下,演习应尽可能的像真的紧急情况存在一样进行


PSCO可能要求进行一艘或多艘救生艇弃船演习。演习的要点是,应该由在应急部署表上指定的船员进行登艇和操作。PSCO也会要求进行救助艇演习。


先使用6.4.2条所要求的报警系统,然后通过广播或通信系统宣布进行演习,将乘客和船员召集至集合站,并确保他们知道弃船命令。


船员到集合点报到,并按应急部署表上的职责进行准备。


按SOLAS74 III/10.5条的要求,艇长应持有应急部署表的船员名单


PSCO会查看船员是否正确地穿好救生衣


在完成任何必要的降落准备工作后,至少降下1 艘救生艇


船员应当在救生艇艇架上或是水中时启动救生艇发动机,并进行发动机正倒车操作。


船员应操作降落救生筏所用的吊筏架(如果配备)


如果在演习中放下的救生艇不是救助艇,救助艇也应该被放下,因登艇和释放操作是在最短时间内尽快进行的,应当适当考虑安全的情况。PSCO会确认船员在弃船演习操作中熟悉他们的指定职责,负责救生筏的船员应当完全掌握救生筏设备的操作。


每一艘救生筏应保持在备用的状态,即两名船员可以在不大于5分钟内做好施放和登乘的准备(III章第R17条规定)


在客船上,必须在30分钟内能释放救生艇和吊放式救生筏。


职责船员检查无线电救生设备

在货船上,必须在10分钟内能释放救生艇和吊放式救生筏。(III章第R31条1.5规定


在演习中使用的设备应达到立即使用和恢复全功能状态,任何演习时发现的故障和缺陷都应尽快尽可能快地修复。


PSCO判断标准

1.     如有迹象表明,关键岗位船员互相联系或与船上的其他人员的通讯联络不良,则弃船演习应被终止且认定为失败。

2.     按所上面的检查表,如果通过演习观察有明显的证据表明船员不熟悉基本的程序和设备,该弃船演习应被终止且认定为失败。

3.     如果演习不受控制,也没有人负责,该演习应被终止且认定为失败。

4.     如果演习太过于僵硬,高级船员只会通过重复特定的指令来指挥船员。可推定船上除了高级船员外,船员对应变部署表上列明的基本程序不熟悉,该演习应被终止且认定为失败。

5.     消防演习没有规定时间限制,但是船员应当作出快速反应,LR规定为5分钟,NKK规定为10分钟。这些具体的时间规定可以作为参考但不强制。而弃船演习有明确的时间界定,请参阅上述表格内时间规定。5Mmin,10min的概念要明确。

6.     当有危险的情况出现时,应当立即通知船长或负责的船员,确保不发生意外。

常见弃船演习缺陷
04110Abandon ship   drillsSimulation /   Freefall Launch of Freefall Lifeboat not carried out in last six months.(ISM)自由降落救生艇超过六个月没进行模拟操作17
04110Abandon   ship drillsLifeboats   found not launched and maneuvered from 10 Nov. 2017.救生艇自2017.11.10起,没进行释放操作(缺陷写的不清楚,未标明多久)30
04110Abandon   ship drillsAbandon   ship drill on 10 Mar. 2018 recorded free-fall lifeboat maneuvered in water,   not reflected the actual drill in fact. (ISM)实际释放和记录不匹配99
04110Abandon   ship drillsNo   evidence of Free fall or simulated launching of free fall life boat in last 6   months presented.(ISM)过去6个月没进行自由降落或模拟操作17
04110Abandon   ship drillsLifeboats   not maneuvered in the water in the last 3 months. (ISM)救生艇过去三个月没进行机动操作17
04110Abandon   ship drillsNo   evidence of emergency light been tested during abandon ship drill.演习期间没测试应急灯99

11131On board   training and instructionsAbandon ship   drill not properly recorded.弃船演习记录不合格99
11131On board training and   instructionsDeck   crew found not familiarized with lifeboat launching operation (excepted   Bosun)除水手长外船员不熟悉放艇操作30
15107Emergency   preparednessSMS   as implemented on board can not ensure emergency drill carried out   efficiently, as evidence that fake drills record for fire drill, abandon ship   drill, emergency steering gear drill and etc.根据假的演习记录推断船方没有很好执行SMS体系30

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