教学素材 | 手机摄像头究竟有多强大？

shelly0214 2018-10-10

展开全文

The largest-ever iPhone XS recently released by Apple is an attempt to get customers to upgrade to more expensive devices in the face of stagnant global demand for smartphones. To make it happen, Apple engineers equip the new model with a bigger and better OLED display, which is not unexpected at all. Besides, a more powerful processor is introduced along with smarter rear and front cameras – claiming that it's 'defining a new era of photography.' It's no surprise that smartphone manufacturers are draining their brains to develop better cameras on cell phones for years, and often in hope of making breakthroughs in professional photography – this is partly true, and next we'll investigate three categories of digital cameras, and see whether smartphones have changed the rules of game.

近日苹果公司发布了旗下有史以来屏幕最大的智能手机——iPhone XS。此举是为了吸引消费者将手机更新换代，用更昂贵的价格来冲抵全球智能手机市场需求量的增长滞缓。苹果工程师给新iPhone安上一块硕大的OLED显示屏并不出乎外界预期，除此之外新手机的亮点还有一块更强大的处理芯片，以及备受瞩目的前后摄像头，据称将“开创摄影的新时代”。回顾这几年不难发现各大手机厂商都将发展重点放在了开发更强的摄像头之上，并对外宣称“媲美专业摄影”的画质——是真是假，接下来我们就来梳理数码相机中的三个类别，看看智能手机是不是已经改变了游戏规则。

Compact Cameras

便携相机/卡片机

Compact or point-and-shoot cameras run the gamut: they can be compact shooters that are affordable, simple to use, and pocket-size portable, or more robust pro models with longer zooms, better sensors, or full manual exposure controls.

便携数码相机或更为我们熟知的“卡片机”品种繁多，有些主打亲民的价格，简易的操作和小巧便携的机身；有些高端的型号则会注重较长的焦段，高质量的传感器，或者丰富的手动曝光控制。

As the pioneers in digital cameras, compact cameras were extremely popular in the first decade of 21st century. However, the popularization of smartphones pushed compact cameras onto a dangerous cliff, since smartphones could take pictures almost as good as compacts and they are developing really, really fast. The decline of low and middle range compact cameras is evident – you hardly see those chic cameras anymore when travelling, instead replaced with smartphones.

作为数码相机中的开拓者，卡片机曾经在本世纪前十年风靡世界。然而，智能手机的出现将卡片机置于一个危险的境地，因为手机拍照的效果能够匹敌普通的卡片机而且它们在不断的升级。中低端便携相机的没落也因此在所难免，如今外出旅游之时你已经几乎看不见曾经人手一台的小巧相机，取而代之的则是智能手机。

DSLR Cameras

单反相机

DSLR stands for digital single-lens reflex. It refers to a special structure that light travels through the lens, then to a mirror that alternates to send the image to either the viewfinder or the image sensor. As the successor of SLR – the film-based single-lens reflex cameras, DSLR cameras remain to be big, heavy, and most of all, professional.

单反相机的全称是单镜头反光相机，指的是相机内部有一块可以活动的反光板，将影像传递到取景器或者图像传感器之上。作为传统的胶片单反的继任者，数码单反相机仍然体积较大，重量不轻，但是专业性强。

The mirror structure prevents designers from minimalizing the size of the camera, but on the other hand ensures photo quality. Meanwhile, large image sensors on DSLRs are hardly realized on smartphones, which is one of the most important factors in deciding image quality. Optical viewfinders provide a clear view of subject in any lighting conditions, while a wide range of lenses guarantees photographers to shoot satisfactory photos in different conditions and for different purposes. By and large, professional photographers still prefer DSLRs to any other type of cameras.

反光镜的特殊结构使得设计者很难缩小相机的体积，但也正是这一设计确保了高质量的图像输出。与此同时，单反相机上的大尺寸传感器对于影像质量至关重要，而在手机上这一点几乎不可能实现；单反相机配备的光学取景器能在任何光照条件下获得良好的取景效果，琳琅的镜头群也能满足专业摄影师的各种拍摄需求。总之，职业摄影师仍然青睐单反相机，将它们作为工作首选。

Mirrorless Interchangeable Lens Cameras

无反/微单相机

Mirrorless cameras are the real challenger to DSLRs. Today, mirrorless cameras offer a popular and, in some cases, better alternative. So named because they have removed the bulky mirror and optical viewfinder systems of DSLRs, mirrorless cameras allow for smaller, lighter weight designs. They were regarded as inferior to DSLRs, but the fact is that they have been improving incredibly over the years.

真正对单反相机构成挑战的则是微单相机。如今的微单相机日益受到青睐，在一些情况下甚至是更佳的选择。顾名思义，无反/微单相机没有单反相机臃肿的反光镜和光学取景器结构，它的设计既便携又轻巧。尽管性能上曾被认为远不及单反相机，但是近年来发展迅速，大有赶超单反之势。

New features of mirrorless cameras are more than technological advances: they are more fashionable-looking, and added with trendy features like Wi-Fi connectivity and social media sharing. Mirrorless cameras target two types of customers: amateur photographers who are not satisfied with phone cameras, and professional photographers who are tired of carrying heavy DSLRs.

微单相机的新功能不只是技术上的进步，它们也更加注重时尚的外观，和时髦的无线连接和社交媒体分享功能。当前的微单相机主要瞄准两类人群：一类是不满足于手机拍摄的业余摄影爱好者，另一类是厌倦了扛着笨重单反相机的专业摄影师。