第一部分:字母语音知识 第一:字母:26个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 第二:语音:元音的发音 五个元音字母:AEIOU 12个单元音:前元音:[i:] [ɪ] /e/ [æ] 中元音:[ɜ:] [ə] 后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u :] [ʊ] [ʌ] 双元音(8个) Ⅰ.合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi] Ⅱ.集中双元音(3个) [iə][εə][uə] 第二部分:语法知识 第一:名词 (一)名词单复数 1.一般情况,名词单数变复数直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格: a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s 如:children’s shoes d) 并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 e) 要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s 如:Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:a picture of the classroom a map of China 第二:冠词 分为定冠词和不定冠词 (一)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (二)定冠词:the the egg the plane (三)用法: 1、定冠词的用法: (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk. (2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new. (3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school. (4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second. (5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 2、不用冠词的情况: (1)专有名词前:China is a big country. (2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等: This is my baseball. (3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers. (4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday. (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30. (6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well. (7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music. (8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li. (9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus |
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