 Interview Maria By Callas In Her Own Words 重温纪录片《玛丽亚·卡拉斯双面人生》 By Anya Wassenberg 音乐文献编译组正在推出 音乐家与演奏家赏析计划第一期： 卡拉斯与莫扎特 莫扎特主题文章编译列表 卡拉斯主题文章编译列表 There are two people in me. I would like to be Maria, but there is the Callas that I have to live up to. 我觉得自己是个双面人。我希望只是玛丽亚， 但是我同时又必须是卡拉斯。 ——玛丽亚·卡拉斯如是说  There was Maria, and there was Callas. Maria was the private woman, known only to a small circle of friends. The poised perfection that was Callas was the persona she gifted to her fans and the rest of the world. A fascinating portrait of both emerges in the new documentary Maria by Callas by French filmmaker Tom Volf which received its North American premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2018. 既有一个玛丽亚，又有一个卡拉斯。玛丽亚仅仅是一个普通低调的女子，熟悉的朋友都在规模有限的朋友圈里，但卡拉斯却像是一个完美的礼物，把自己奉献给了所有的粉丝和整个世界。在2018多伦多国际电影节上，法国制片人汤姆·沃尔夫（Tom Volf）在北美首次推出的纪录片《是玛丽亚，还是卡拉斯》同时描绘了这两个迷人的形象。 Just five years ago, Volf wasn’t a fan of Callas, or opera, and confesses a virtual ignorance of the whole realm of classical music. That changed one fateful night in New York City. “Out of the blue,” he describes it. 仅仅是五年之前，沃尔夫还不是卡拉斯或者歌剧的粉丝，他承认那时候几乎从不涉足古典音乐领域。但是所有这些在纽约一夜之间完全改变了，像是命里注定一样。用他自己的话说就是“从天而降”。  The young actor, director, and photographer was living in NYC in a shared apartment, and just happened to stroll by the Met one evening. He bought tickets to an opera on a whim, and it literally changed his life. 这位身兼演员、导演、摄影师的年轻人当时在纽约和别人合租一间公寓，有一天晚上正好在大都会歌剧院附近散步，一时兴起买了一张歌剧票，这场歌剧改变了他的人生。 “It was such an amazing experience,” he recalls. “I remember that night vividly.” Soprano Joyce DiDonato was singing the lead role in Donizetti’s Maria Stuarda, and for Volf, the combination of music, theatrical and cinematic elements was transformative. “简直太不可思议了”，他回忆道。“那个晚上现在对我仍然栩栩如生。”女高音乔伊斯.迪多纳托（Joyce DiDonato）出演多尼采蒂（Donizetti）的歌剧《玛丽亚.史都华特》（Maria Stuarda）的女主角，音乐和现场气氛感人至深。  After the performance, he rushed home to scour the internet for more information, and before too long, came upon the life and art of Maria Callas. “It was the second big revelation,” he says. 演出一结束，他就迫不及待地回到家里上网查找有关的资料，没过多久，玛丽亚·卡拉斯的生平和艺术生涯就进入了他的视野。“我又往前迈了一大步”，他这样说。 It naturally piqued his filmmaker’s instincts. He turned his talents to piecing together a portrait of the woman as an artist, and it began with some detective work. “I started the journey of making the film by looking for the people close to her.” The next step was gaining their trust enough to allow him to use their private communications for his documentary. 歌剧自然而然地唤醒了他作为电影制作人的本能。从探寻资料开始，他用自己的才华为大家描绘了一位女艺术家的形象。“开始制作这部电影的时候首先寻找对她非常熟悉的人。”下一步就是得到他们的信任，以便把他们和卡拉斯之间私人对话用在这部电影里边。 The approach paid off. The movie features never before heard letters, films, photographs and other documents that allow Maria — and Callas — to tell the story in their own words, including footage from a long lost 1970 interview with David Frost. 这种方式看来不错。这部电影呈现了很多以前从来没有公开的信件、录像、照片、以及其它文件，其中包括遗失了很久的1970年大卫.弗罗斯特（David Frost）对卡拉斯的采访视频。这些内容用它们自己的语言讲述了玛丽亚—和卡拉斯—的故事。  When much has already been written and discussed about the legendary soprano, Maria by Callas offers fresh insights into the woman who was often labelled a diva by the press. Concert footage adds the artist Callas at her finest, illustrating the vocal and dramatic talents of a true legend. 尽管有关这位具有传奇色彩的女高音的书籍和讨论已经非常丰富了，《玛利亚·卡拉斯的双面人生》还是为这位媒体眼中的大牌提供了新的内幕，让人们可以一窥她的内心。舞台记录为作为艺术家的卡拉斯增加了她的最精彩的瞬间，表现了她作为一个真正的传奇人物在歌唱和表演方面的才华。 At her very essence, she was a consummate artist, a perfectionist who devoted her whole life to her art, and sacrificed any dreams she had for a quiet family life. The push to perfection began early with a mother who had visions of Shirley Temple style success. Maria took to the discipline of training naturally, remembered by her teachers as the student who arrived first and left last at the Athens Conservatoire. 她在本质上是一个无可挑剔的艺术家、一个完美主义者，把一生献给了自己的艺术，甚至放弃了对平静的家庭生活的向往。对完美的追求在她幼年就开始了，因为母亲希望她像秀兰.邓波（Shirley Temple）一样成功。玛丽亚自觉地进行严格的训练，雅典音乐学院的老师记得她总是那个第一个到达最后一个离开的学生。 That work ethic persisted throughout her life, resulting in the extraordinary performances and recordings that still enthrall opera lovers. “Her level of standards are so high,” Volf says, “it’s very hard to live by that. It was one of the things that differentiated her.” 这样的工作态度贯穿她的一生，所以今天的歌剧爱好者仍然为她的出类拔萃的表演和录音着迷。“她的表演水平实在太高了”，沃尔夫说，“难以超越。这是她和其它人的区别之一。”
 But, as the movie shows, perfection doesn’t come cheap. When she cancelled a performance because she was ill and her voice was not up to her standards, she was pilloried in the press around the world. The experience hurt her deeply. “It was the ideal way to drag me through the mud,” she says ruefully in an interview. “There’s always some enemy waiting for a moment of weakness.” 但是，就像影片告诉我们的，完美并不是从天而降。有一次因为生病影响了她的嗓音，她只好取消了一场预定的表演，因此她受到全世界媒体的批评。这件事让她非常受伤。“那就是让我灰头土脸的最佳方式”，她在一次访谈中沮丧地说，“总是有些不怀好意的人等着你软弱的瞬间。” Naturally, the movie also looks at her much-publicized affair with Aristotle Onassis — both before and after his marriage to Jackie Kennedy. The two met while they were both still married to others, and the film also sheds light on the reasons for her divorce — or rather, her eventual divorce. There was no legal divorce laws at the time, and she spent more than a decade living as officially separated from her husband. Once she’d finally been granted a divorce, it was right about the time she learned of Ari’s marriage to Jackie by reading about it in the newspapers. 不出意料，这部影片也提到了无人不晓的她和亚里士多德.奥纳西斯（Aristotle Onassis）之间的绯闻—在他和杰基.肯尼迪（Jackie Kennedy）的婚姻之前之后。他们碰到一起的时候，两个人仍然都在各自的婚姻当中，影片也谈到他们离婚的原因。或者说，最后终于离婚。当时没有有关离婚的法律，她正式和丈夫分居有超过十年之久。当她最终被允许离婚的时候，她同时从报纸上获悉奥纳西斯和杰基（肯尼迪遗孀）之间的婚姻。
Still, it was with Ari that Maria found at least some happiness in her life. “He made me feel liberated,” she said. In the end, married to Jackie O or not, she took him back into her life with a pragmatic sense of reality. “My affair with Onassis was a failure, but my friendship with him, a success,” she said. 至少玛丽亚从和亚里士多德分享的时光中感到到了一丝幸福。“他让我觉得自由了”，她说。最终，不管他和杰基结婚与否，她在现实生活中让他成为自己人生的一部分。“我和奥纳西斯的绯闻是一个失误，但我和他的友谊非常成功” ，她说。 Maria Callas passed away from a heart attack alone in her Paris apartment in September 1977, long before Volf was born, but still lives in the public imagination, and in her legacy. “I think she gave birth to a whole generation of singers,” he says. 玛丽亚.卡拉斯1977年九月在她的巴黎公寓因为心脏病去世，那时候沃尔夫尚未出生，但是她仍然活在大众的想象和她自己的传奇当中。“我认为她催生了整个一代歌唱家”，他说。 Volf includes Joyce DiDonato, the artist he heard that night of his introduction to opera, and who also narrates Maria’s letters in the film, in that group. “To me, Joyce is one of them,” he says. “I may never have fallen in love with opera if it wasn’t for her.” 沃尔夫认为乔伊斯.迪多纳托也是新一代歌唱家中的一位，她不但带领他进入了歌剧世界，而且还在影片里朗读了玛丽亚的信。“对我来说，乔伊斯是他们中的一位”，他说。“如果不是因为她，我也许永远不会喜欢上歌剧。”
World class talent comes at a very high price. In the end, it was Maria who paid for all of Callas’ success, in her private life, even to her physical and emotional health. “You realize the level of sacrifice she had to make.” But, she was fatalistic. “But, destiny is destiny,” she told Frost, “and there’s no way out.” 世界水平的天才来之非常不易。玛丽亚历尽艰辛最终成为卡拉斯，不为人知的那些艰辛甚至包括她的身体和精神健康。“你知道她做出的牺牲”，然而，她还是摆脱不了命运。“但是，命就是命”，她告诉弗罗斯特，“怎么样都绕不开。” For the rest of us, there is her undying legacy. And, in the end, the most enduring, and most certainly requited, love of her life was between Callas and her many legions of fans.“She just was the greatest voice of her century. We’re lucky to have that heritage.” 对我们活着的人来说，她的传奇与世长存。并且最终在她和她的不计其数的粉丝之间是经久不衰、名至实归的热爱和敬仰。“她具有她的时代最无与伦比的歌声。我们非常幸运可以听到她的歌唱。” |
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