使役动词 一

英语中使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,

常见有have,make,let,get,leave,keep,help,drive,cause,force,lead,set.

使役动词后接动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词/名词/副词/介词短语等，作宾语补足语。当然不同使役动词具体能接什么，需要区分。(这些结构本来都可以作宾补，随便乱用句子意思基本也能表达通，但为啥要区分不同的结构呢？有的是因为词意需要，有的可能就是语言习惯，正确使用，会更严谨，准确）

1、接不定式作宾补

have/make/let/  sb do       接不带to的动词不定式。

get/leave/help/drive/cause/force/lead/set  to do      接带to的动词不定式。

e.g:

What would you have me do? (所接的宾语sb,是人称代词时要用宾格,宾语当然要用宾格）

He has his son clean the room everyday.
What makes the grass grow?

The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour. 

注意 make在被动语态时，恢复to。

The naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour.

what let you change your idea?

My boss let me type this letter for him.
 I can't get anyone to do the work properly.

He get the machine to work again.
I'll leave you to settle all the business.
she helped me to finish the homework.(to可省略）
Hunger drove him to steal.

The cold weather caused the plants to die.(这些语法中的sb不是非要是人，可以是物，有意识的物，或者能发出主动动作的物，要灵活体会，不要死性）

What caused her to cry?

The bad news caused her to be sad=The bad news made her sad.

He always lies which leads me to distrust him.

The teacher set the students to gather in a line.(有安排的意思）

2、接现在分词作宾补

have/get/leave/keep/cause/set sb doing  表示让某人或某物一直做/正在做/即将做某事，或处于某状态中，宾语主动实施动作，是动作的主语。

（一般没有make sb doing，但是，非要强调正在这种状态，用了，我觉得也没错，见过例子

The story made him feeling sad.The bad weather made me staying at home yesterday强调一整天都在家）

e.g:

The two cheats had the nights burning all night long.

He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.

Don't shout!You'll have the neighbours complaining.

I won't have you smoking in the sitting room.(否定句中，表允许）

Can you get the car moving?

If you can get him talking,your problem is solved.

Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.

I keep them waiting (for) me in my office.表达了正在等的含义。

(keep后有无sb,意义是不相同的，keep sb doing 和 keep doing 是完全不同的，一个是使役动词，一个是行为动词，主语是不同的。I keep running 我继续奔跑。）

She caught her son smoking a cigarette.正在吸烟

It's time we(should) set the machine going.

The news set me thinking.

3、过去分词作宾补

have/make/get/keep/leave/cause/lead  sth  done  表动作已完成/或被完成。

e.g:

Jill had the roof repaired yesterday.(可能是别人修的，也可能是Jill修的）

Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.（当不知道别人是谁，别人不用出现在句中时，用这种句型就很好的表达了意思）

Have you washed your clothes?(自己洗）

Have you had your clothes washed?（别人洗/自己洗均可，一般指别人洗）

He raised his voice to make himself heard.（被听到）

His actions made him universally respected.

I'll make my hair cut.

The heavy bag made the chair broken.

Can you get your work finished in time?

I must get my hair cut.

I can't keep my eyes shut to all this.(shut可算过去分词，也可算adj)

Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered.

The car crash caused my car broken.(自己造的句子，有待验证）

（也有cause sth to be done 这种说法）

The car crash caused my car burning.(自己造的句子）

Please help to lead the work done.(自己造的句子)

4、adj/n/adv/prep phrase作宾补

e.g:

Please have your money ready.

The news made him happy

She makes me a fool.

We made him president of the union.

He made her his wife。（make 后面双宾语）

She made her diary her best friend.

She made herself a teacher.

介词短语的例子很少。如下：

Sit down and make yourselves at home, Tom. 汤姆，请坐，不要拘束。

You made him into an honest one. 你使他成为一个诚实的人。

He would try to make himself of more importance in the business. 
You have made me what I am.（接了个从句，稀有句子）

I was left with a ray of hope.(介词短语）

He left the door open/unlocked.

Let him in,let the dog out.

Keep the room clean.