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in order that 为了;以便 so that以便;为了 so 以便 that 以便 in case以防;以免 for fear以防;唯恐 lest 免得，以防 从句中一般含有can, could, may, might, will, would 等情态动词。 (1)Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 讲清楚些，以便他们能理解你。 I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一条船去钓鱼。 (2)She burned the letters so that her husband would never read them. 她把信都烧了，这样一来她丈夫就永远看不到了。 注意：so that引导目的状语从句与引导结果状语从句时的意思不一样。 (3)He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考试及格。 (4)Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子关上以防下雨。 Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 带着雨衣以防下雨。 I always keep a bottle of wine by in case friends call round. 我平时总存着一瓶酒以备朋友来时喝。 It may rain—you’d better take an umbrella (just) in case it does. 可能会下雨你，最好带把伞，以防万一。注意：in case引导目的状语从句与引导条件状语从句时的意思不一样。 (5) He left early in order that he should / would / might arrive on time. 他早早动身好按时到达。 【注】 1.目的状语从句与状语短语转换 为了简洁起见，当目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，目的状语从句有时可用表目的的不定式短语替换： He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. / He got up early so as to catch the early bus. 他起床很早以便赶上早班车。 He came in quietly in order that he shouldn’t wake his wife. / He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife. 他轻轻进来，以免把他妻子吵醒。 有时还可与表示目的的介词短语替换 He left an hour early for fear he might miss the train. / He left an hour early for fear of missing the train. 他提前一小时离开，以免错过火车。 in order that有时可与 in order to 转换。如： He is working hard in order to pass the examination. ＝He is working hard in order that he can pass the examination. 为了考试及格，他正在努力学习。 2.so that 引导目的状语从句时有时可省略so而只用 that，有时也可只用so： (1)Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。 (2)I’ll show you so you can see how it’s done. 我将做给你看，以便你知道应怎样干。 (3)Check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔细检查，以便任何错误都可检查出。 3.in case既可引导目的状语从句，也可引导条件状语从句，主要视句意而定： In case he comes, let me know. 如果他来，告诉我一声。 Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困难请告诉我。 【注】in case引导目的状语从句，从句有时可用“should+动词原形”这样的形式： Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 带着雨衣以防下雨。 Let’s take the front seats that we may see more clearly. 咱们坐前排，以便看得清楚点。 I left at 6:00 so that/in order that I could catch the train. 为了赶上火车，我六点就出门了。 I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码写下，以免忘了。 Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要讲得清楚，他们才听得懂。 Take the raincoat in case it rains. 带着雨衣, 以防下雨。 Be careful lest you fall from that tree. 要当心, 以免从树上摔下来。 He walked fast for fear that he should be late. 他走得很快，以免迟到。 She dresses like that so that everyone will notice her. 她那样穿戴是为了引起人们的注意。 I have given him a key so that he can get into the house whenever he likes. 我给了他一把钥匙，以便他随时能进来。 So that I shouldn’t worry, he phoned me on arrival. 为了不让我担心，他一到就给我打了电话。 They risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 他们冒了生死危险使我们生活得更安全。 注：当从句主语与主句主语相同时，可用不定式来表达相同的意思。如： 译：为了通过考试，他学习非常努力。 正：He studies very hard so that(=in order that) he can pass the exam. 正：He studies very hard so as to (=in order to) pass the exam. |
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