一举多得的城市综合基础设施

迷人的三道茶 2019-08-15

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一体化的基础设施同时解决城市内涝、停车和绿色空间不足等问题

All-In-One Structure Solves Flooding, Parking and the Lack of Green Space in Cities

随着地球人口持续增长，汽车交通压力和气候变化等相关问题也日渐加剧。据统计约有30％的城市道路拥挤是由于驾驶者长时间寻找停车位而造成的。汽车产业的发展给城市造成巨大的压力，最终促使城市占用较多的绿地空间来建设停车场。与此同时，气候变化也对城市处理大量雨水的能力提出了挑战。2017年的大西洋飓风便证明了这一点，截止星期一，被命名为13号的大西洋风暴已经造成210人死亡。

丹麦建筑事务所THIRD NATURE提出一个名叫POP-UP的设计方案，以解决地区内涝、停车不足以及缺少绿地空间的现代城市问题，其将绿色公共空间、停车场和蓄水池分别从上到下堆叠起来，利用阿基米德的原理来储存降水，进而创造出浮动的停车空间。

As Earth’s population continues to grow, so does car traffic and issues related to climate change. It has been estimated about 30% of urban roadway congestion are drivers searching for a place to park. Car culture puts the pressure on cities to build more parking garages, which usually win out over green parks. Meanwhile, climate change continues to challenge cities to handle a great deal of stormwater. The 2017 Atlantic hurricane season is proof of this - as of Monday, 13 named storms have formed in the Atlantic ocean, costing 210 lives and counting.

THIRD NATURE, a Danish architecture firm, designed a solution for the modern-day urban issues of flooding, parking and lacking green spaces with their project, POP-UP. A stacked green space, car park, and water reservoir, from top to bottom respectively, POP-UP uses Archimedes’ principle to store water and create floating space to store cars.

Courtesy of THIRD NATURE

THIRD NATURE 的合伙人Ole Schroder 说：“我们统计了一个地区的问题所在，其中一张表示可能会发生城市内涝的区域，另一张显示的为停车问题较大的区域。当将两张地图叠加在一起时，就可以找到利用相同的概念来同时解决两个问题的区域。”

We sat down with a map showing where the biggest problems with water handling will occur and another map showing where there are the biggest problems with parking. When you put the two maps on top of each other, you can see some places where there is potential for solving two problems with the same concept, said Ole Schroder, partner at THIRD NATURE.

Courtesy of THIRD NATURE

POP-UP方案的特点是依据天气的变化而改变城市的天际线。在晴朗或干燥的时期，停车场位于地下，绿地将覆盖在上方为城市提供公共空间。而在雨季，溢流下水道将雨水汇集在停车场下方的蓄水池。随着水充满水池，停车场的主体结构则会向上移动。POP-UP的工作原理是源于阿基米德的浮力定律，其规律为物体受到的浮力等于其排出水的重力。通过液压的提升和转向轴承的作用，以及利用挡土墙和辅助轨道，可以确保结构跟随水位的变化而上下运动。同时无论水位怎样变化，都不会影响停车场的使用和汽车的出入。

POP-UP’s varying height changes the city skyline based on the weather. On a dry, sunny day, the car park exists underground with the green space above. On stormy days, overflow sewers lead rainwater below the car park to the water reservoir. As the water reservoir fills up, the parking structure moves up. POP-UP works because of Archimedes’ principle of flotation which states, “buoyancy of a submerged body corresponds to the weight of the displaced fluid.” Hydraulic lifting and steering bearings, along with retaining walls and supplementary guide tracks, secure the structure's movement up and down during water level changes. No matter the water level, the car park stays accessible to pedestrians and cars alike.

Courtesy of THIRD NATURE

虽然POP-UP比传统的停车库和蓄水池更加昂贵，但它将三个城市基础元素组合为一个整体，这样即可让出更多的住宅和商业空间。此外，建造一个综合体而不是三个单一的结构，这种做法也将节省建设成本。

While POP-UP is more expensive than a traditional parking garage and water reservoir, it combines three urban elements into one which frees up building plots for residential or commercial spaces. Plus, building just one structure instead of all three would save on construction costs.

Courtesy of THIRD NATURE

即便POP-UP方案是专为哥本哈根和纽约的圣约翰公园设计的，但THIRD NATURE建筑事务所也与COWI和RAMBOLL工程公司合作，来寻求适用于所有城市和地区的创新型气候解决方案。

可持续发展同项目本身同样重要，POP-UP方案提供了一种适应气候的一体化发展战略。设计团队认为，通过投资项目（如POP-UP）来整合设计与可持续发展策略，从而创造出更加美好的城市空间。

Even though POP-UP was designed for Copenhagen and St. John’s Park in New York, THIRD NATURE, in partnership with engineering companies COWI and RAMBOLL, participated in New York based workshops to create innovative climate solutions that are adaptable across all cities and borders.

Arguably as important as the project itself, POP-UP provides design-integrated climate adaptation strategy development. The design team asserts that better, more beautiful urban spaces can be achieved by investing in projects, like POP-UP, that coalesces design and sustainability.