|
上期试题：肺结核病人在家疗养，但痰中有结核菌，最简便有效的处理痰的方法是b a、煮沸 b、焚烧 c、深埋 d、酒精浸泡 e、消毒灵浸泡 先天性髋关节内翻畸形 先天性髋关节内翻畸形系股骨颈骨化障碍所致，大多为单侧。X线表现为股骨颈变短，颈干角变小，约呈直角。骺板增宽，不规则，其内可有小骨。股骨头除向下移位外，股骨头大小形态无改变。 Congenital dislocation of the hip varus deformity is due to femoral neck bone disorders, most of the unilateral. Shorter X-ray performance for the femoral neck and neck stem Angle smaller, about a right Angle. Epiphyseal plate broadening, irregular, which can have a small bone. The femoral head in addition to the downward shift, head size no change.
骨盆正位示双股骨颈明显发育不良，骺板呈垂直位，股骨头向内下旋转移位。 先天性髋关节脱位 先天性髋关节脱位，关节囊松弛使股头位于髋臼外，发生在出生前或后的很短时间内，其原因有多种因素，可能与子宫内运动受限制和母体激素作用有关。在胎儿第三个3个月时，运动限制可由以下情况引起，如臀位、羊水过少，可引起髋部分或完全脱位。母体激素（如雌激素）引起骨盆韧带松弛，使胎儿易于娩出也可致胎儿髋关节囊和韧带松弛。女性胎儿多见，其发生率约为男性的6倍。该病也有家族倾向，可能与雌激素代谢的遗传异常有关。在新生儿，超声检查是有益的检查方法，但其结果与超声设备和经验密切相关。在较大婴儿，骨盆前后位更可靠，可确定股骨头是否骨化。髋关节可由通过三角软骨的水平线和髋臼最外缘的垂直线划分四分格。正常股骨头的位置当在内下格内。移位的股骨头在上外方格内，半脱位在下方格内。髋臼和水平线之间的夹角在新生儿应小于40°，在生后6个月<33°，在1岁<30°。正常髋关节，光滑的曲线沿着耻骨上支下缘和内侧股骨颈皮质（shenton线）。其他异常：髋臼变浅、假髋关节形成、股骨头骨化延迟（受累侧）。CT检查对确定髋关节的解剖关系非常必要，MRI可用来估价疑难病例。 Congenital dislocation of hip joint, joint capsule relaxation makes the femoral head in the acetabulum, occur before birth or within a very short time, the reason has a variety of factors, may be related to the womb movement restrictions and maternal related hormone action. In the third 3 months fetus, movement restrictions can be caused by the following, such as breech, oligohydramnios, can lead to partial or total hip dislocation. Maternal hormones such as estrogen) cause pelvic ligamentous laxity, the fetus to themselves also can cause fetal hip joint capsule and ligament flabby. Female fetuses, its incidence is about six times that of the male. The disease also has a tendency to family, may be associated with the genetic abnormality of metabolism of estrogen. In newborns, ultrasound is useful examination method, but the result is closely related to ultrasonic equipment and experience. In larger babies, pelvis and more reliable, can determine whether bone ossification. Hip joint can be made through the triangle cartilage of horizontal and vertical division of the outside of the acetabulum most four points. Under the normal position of the femoral head, when inside. In the shift of the femoral head outside box, subluxation in box. The acetabulum and the Angle between the horizontal in newborn babies should be less than 40 °, 6 months after the birth < 33 °, at the age of 1 < 30 °. Normal hip, the smooth curve along the pubis on lower limb and medial femoral neck cortex (shenton line). Other exceptions: acetabulum becomes shallow, false hip form, femoral head ossification delay (intact). CT examination is necessary to confirm the anatomical relations hip, MRI can be used to estimate of difficult cases. ↑ 女，5岁。右髋畸形，走路跛行。 骨盆正位示右侧股骨头向外上方完全脱位，髋臼变浅、髋臼角度大，股骨头小、颈短、骨干细。 髋臼发育不良 髋臼发育不良在成人是较早发生退行性关节病的最常见原因。正常髋臼呈半球形，构成股骨头窝。发育不良的髋类似一浅的碗，方向正常，但形成一个浅的股骨头窝，髋臼前后关节面在范围上减小，覆盖股骨头较小的部分。在X线上，髋臼顶正常覆盖股骨头顶，其外侧缘斜向下：髋臼发育不良，其外侧缘常不能达到水平方向，很少向下倾斜。病人通常有轻度症状，如果不进行治疗在30岁或40岁时，会不可避免地进展到退行性关节病的晚期。 Earlier acetabulum hypoplasia in adults is the most common cause of degenerative joint disease. Normal acetabulum half spherical, constitute a nest of femoral head. Dysplasia of the hip is similar to a shallow bowl, direction is normal, but form a shallow fossa, femoral head before and after acetabulum joint surface on the scope, covering smaller portions of femoral head. The X line, acetabulum top cover normal femoral head crest, the margin of the lateral oblique down: acetabulum hypoplasia, its outer edge often cannot achieve the horizontal direction, rarely downward sloping. Patients often have mild symptoms, if not treated in 30 or 40 years old, will inevitably progress to advanced degenerative joint disease. ↑ 女，21岁。轻度髋痛 骨盆正位示髋臼变浅和轻度发育不良。双侧股骨头形态和位置异常。CT所示髋关节变浅，前后关节面变小。 医学博士专栏 第九期：来瑞格蒂博士的建议之治疗经前综合征 我建议那些正在经历经前综合征的女性们注意生活方式。女人花费了很多的精力去照顾别人，需要被提醒的是额外的照顾自己是多么的重要，尤其是在每个月感觉到最脆弱的时候。 I suggest that those who are experiencing premenstrual syndrome women pay attention to the way of life. Women spend a lot of energy to take care of others, need to be reminded of is extra how vital it is to take care of themselves, especially in a month feel most vulnerable. 这意味着你需要做些简单的事情，如定期做些有氧运动，避免含有咖啡因、酒精、咸味以及女性钟爱的甜味食物。在饮食上不要一餐多食而是少食多餐，练习减压的方法，如放松运动。此外，在饮食中多补充一些维生素B6也会对某些女性有所帮助。 This means that you need to do some simple things, such as do some aerobic exercise on a regular basis, avoid caffeine, alcohol, salt, and women love sweet food. On food don't eat much food but eat much food less, practicing decompression method, such as relaxation exercises. In addition, add more vitamin B6 in the diet will also help in some women. 如果采纳了这些建议几个月还不足以控制症状，那么我推荐女性服用的一些单胺氧化酶抑制剂，作为下一阶段使用的抗抑郁治疗。有明确的证据表明这些药物还是有效果的，尤其是对那些情绪波动和经常受到心理问题困扰的女性更加是如此。 If adopted these suggest a few months is not enough to control the symptoms, so I recommend that women taking some of the monoamine oxidase inhibitors, used as the next phase of antidepressant treatment. There is a clear evidence that these drugs or have the effect, especially for those mood swings and often women more so by psychological problems. 本期试题：关于髋关节的描述，正确的是？ a、为典型的球窝关节 b、由股骨头与髋臼构成 c、髋关节只能作屈、伸、收、展运动 d、髋关节的关节囊向上附于髋臼 e、关节囊向下包裹股骨颈 |
|
|
来自： zskyteacher > 《西航港之临床影像学习平台》
