概述:sqlite3数据库的创建,增删改都说过了,今天就是数据库的查找,也算是数据库比较核心的应用。如果用之前的API执行,因查找数据库有返回值,也就导致使用sqlite_exec()函数时要写回调函数,我觉得这样子效率不高,编写麻烦,我这边就用几个新的API去做。这几个新的API其实就是sqlite_exec()函数的分解版。 1,分解版API介绍 int sqlite3_prepare_v2( sqlite3 *db, /* Database handle ---数据库操作句柄*/ const char *zSql, /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded --- UTF8编码sql语句*/ int nByte, /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. ---sql语句长度*/ sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt, /* OUT: Statement handle ---准备好的二进制执行语句句柄*/ const char **pzTail /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql ---指向sql语句中未使用的语句*/ ); /* 这个函数主要作用就是将一条sql语句转换为sqlite3可执行二进制sql语句并存入sqlite3_stmt类型数据中,也就是sql语句的准备过程。 */ int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*); /* 这个函数主要就是执行我们准备好的二进制sql语句,执行成功等状态通过返回值判断。 SQLITE_BUSY 意味着数据库引擎无法获取执行其工作所需的数据库锁定; SQLITE_DONE 表示语句已成功执行; SQLITE_ROW 如果正在执行的SQL语句返回任何数据,那么每当调用者准备好处理一行新的数据时返回该值; SQLITE_ERROR 意味着发生了一个运行时错误; SQLITE_MISUSE 意味着这个例程被不恰当的调用; */ int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol); const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol); /* 这些函数主要是在执行完sqlite3_step后,获取一行数据中某一列的值。这个值可能是int,text等类型。那就使用对应的类型函数去获取值。详细的官网地址:http://www./c3ref/column_blob.html; */ int sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt * pStmt) /* 释放二进制sql执行语句,避免内存泄漏。 */ 2,查找数据 主要还是看sql语句语法,插入数据用到的关键字就是**SELECT**,它的语法知识可以简单的概括为两种。 SELECT 列名称 FROM 表名称 SELECT * FROM 表名称 后面还可加WHERE 条件 如 SELECT * FROM student WHERE name = 'SKy' 下面是一个查找数据个数的代码: /*查找数据个数*/ int sqlite_find_count(sqlite3 *db) { /*查找名字为Sky的个数*/ char *sql = "select count(*) from student where name = 'Sky';"; sqlite3_stmt *stmt = NULL; /*将sql语句转换为sqlite3可识别的语句,返回指针到stmt*/ int res = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, sql, strlen(sql), &stmt, NULL); if (SQLITE_OK != res || NULL == stmt) { goto err1; } /*执行准备好的sqlite3语句*/ res = sqlite3_step(stmt); if (res != SQLITE_ROW) { goto err2; } int count = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 0); if (count < 0) { goto err2; } printf("count = %d\n", count); sqlite3_finalize(stmt); return count; err2: sqlite3_finalize(stmt); err1: return -1; } 下面是一个查找数据并取出数据代码: /*查找数据并取出数据*/ int sqlite_find_parse(sqlite3 *db) { /*查找name为Sky的数据*/ char *sql = "select * from student where name = 'Sky';"; sqlite3_stmt *stmt = NULL; /*将sql语句转换为sqlite3可识别的语句,返回指针到stmt*/ int res = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, sql, strlen(sql), &stmt, NULL); if (SQLITE_OK != res || NULL == stmt) { goto err1; } /*执行准备好的sqlite3语句*/ while (SQLITE_ROW == sqlite3_step(stmt)) { printf("name: %s, uuid: %u\n", sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 1), sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 2)); } sqlite3_finalize(stmt); return 0; err2: sqlite3_finalize(stmt); err1: return -1; } 3,整个demo源码与运行结果 demo #include <stdio.h> #include <stdint.h> #include <string.h> #include <time.h> #include <pthread.h> #include "sqlite/sqlite3.h" /*插入数据到数据库*/ int insert_data(sqlite3 *db) { char *sql = "INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Alice', 17531000);" "INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Bob', 17531001);" "INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Sky', 17531002);" "INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Born', 17531003);" "INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Jason', 17531004);" "INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Mike', 17531005);" "INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Tisa', 17531006);" "INSERT INTO student (name,uuid) VALUES('Sky', 17531007);"; char *err_msg = NULL; int rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, 0, 0, &err_msg); if (rc != SQLITE_OK ) { fprintf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", err_msg); sqlite3_free(err_msg); return -1; } return 0; } /*查找数据个数*/ int sqlite_find_count(sqlite3 *db) { /*查找名字为Sky的个数*/ char *sql = "select count(*) from student where name = 'Sky';"; sqlite3_stmt *stmt = NULL; /*将sql语句转换为sqlite3可识别的语句,返回指针到stmt*/ int res = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, sql, strlen(sql), &stmt, NULL); if (SQLITE_OK != res || NULL == stmt) { goto err1; } /*执行准备好的sqlite3语句*/ res = sqlite3_step(stmt); if (res != SQLITE_ROW) { goto err2; } int count = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 0); if (count < 0) { goto err2; } printf("count = %d\n", count); sqlite3_finalize(stmt); return count; err2: sqlite3_finalize(stmt); err1: return -1; } /*查找数据并取出数据*/ int sqlite_find_parse(sqlite3 *db) { /*查找name为Sky的数据*/ char *sql = "select * from student where name = 'Sky';"; sqlite3_stmt *stmt = NULL; /*将sql语句转换为sqlite3可识别的语句,返回指针到stmt*/ int res = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, sql, strlen(sql), &stmt, NULL); if (SQLITE_OK != res || NULL == stmt) { goto err1; } /*执行准备好的sqlite3语句*/ while (SQLITE_ROW == sqlite3_step(stmt)) { printf("name: %s, uuid: %u\n", sqlite3_column_text(stmt, 1), sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 2)); } sqlite3_finalize(stmt); return 0; err2: sqlite3_finalize(stmt); err1: return -1; } int main(void) { sqlite3 *db; char *err_msg = NULL; /*打开或创建数据库test.db文件*/ int rc = sqlite3_open("test.db", &db); if (rc != SQLITE_OK) { printf("open database test.db failed\n"); sqlite3_close(db); return 1; } /* 此sql语句意思,如果student这张表不存在就创建student表, 表的格式为主键id int类型、name 字符串类型、uuid int类型、uuid 唯一性 不可重复 */ char *sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS student ( [id] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, [name] TXT, [uuid] INTEGER, UNIQUE([uuid]) );"; /*执行上述sql语句*/ rc = sqlite3_exec(db, sql, 0, 0, &err_msg); if (rc != SQLITE_OK ) { printf("SQL error: %s\n", err_msg); sqlite3_free(err_msg); sqlite3_close(db); return 1; } insert_data(db); sqlite_find_count(db); sqlite_find_parse(db); /*关闭数据库*/ sqlite3_close(db); return 0; } 运行结果如下: sky@ubuntu:~/Study/sqlite3/build$ ./sqlite_test count = 2 name: Sky, uuid: 17531002 name: Sky, uuid: 17531007 |
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来自: XeonGate > 《Ubuntu 16.04.6》