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高中英语阅读七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。 在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。 因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thus/therefore因此，so (such)...如此------以至于等。 转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。 表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而, nevertheless仍然，然而，不过, nonetheless尽管如此，依然，然而, still还;然而, though可是，不过，然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾，不管, at any rate无论如何，至少, in any case无论如何，不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么，on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来，比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则;除此以外，not---but不是-----而是，as well也等。 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。 表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的);, furthermore而且，此外, likewise同样地，照样地;也，又, similarly相似地，类似地, moreover而且再者，此外, in addition另外，加之, what’s more更重要的是, too也，还, either也, neither两者都不, not only…but also不但…而且等。 表示列举关系的有：first首先, 第一, second第二, third第三…; firstly第一, 首先, secondly第二(点);其次, thirdly第三…; first第一, next其次, then那么, 然后…; in the first place第一，首先, in the second place第二, 其次…; for one thing首先，一则, for another thing其次…; to begin with首先，第一, to conclude首先，第一等 英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。 英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。 上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。 假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。 所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。 分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。 如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。 段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题常以考查段落标题为主，设题位置一般在段首,有时总结性的语句也会出现在段中或段尾。这类题有时也会考查整篇文章的主旨大意，即文章的主题句，一般会在首段设空。概括起来讲，命题人通常从两个方面设题：①概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；②段落标题。 （浙江卷真题） 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you wonot be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.35(F) ... A.Limit your time. B.As you approach people, be polite. C.If you donot own a camera, you can buy one. D.For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task. E.To get good and useful results, ask them the same question. F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need. G.With a question like this, you will get more than a 'Yes' or 'No' reply 【解析】主题句一般是对上文或下文内容的总结，所以我们通常采用浏览的方式，重点搜索主题线索和脉络，并准确判断出主题句，切忌主观臆断或以偏概全，以点代面。根据语段中的' shouldnt be longer than ten minutes'以及' As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person '可知，本段主要讲要控制采访的时间，此空应是本段的主题句，引领下文。本题易误选B项，但本段并未介绍如何在采访时保持礼貌，故排除B项。也易误选E项，但该项属于对街头采访的主观臆断，并无信息支持，故也不能选。A。 【方法点津】位置先后Foretelling 1.设空在段首： （1）通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。调研1即属于这种类型。 （2）与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读空后第一句，锁定线索词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常答案与空前后的句子在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这些句子之间会用到某种衔接手段。比如，选项中出现时间，考生往往要注意其与正文中的时间的前后对应关系。 （3）是段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常答案会与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段的内容，看所选的答案是否能使两段内容连贯起来。 2.设空在段尾： （1）通常是概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的过渡性词语，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等，选项中也可能会出现前文的同义词或同义句。 （2）与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的连接词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文形成对比关系。 （3）与前文是并列或递进关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列、递进关系的连接词,与前文类似的句式结构或同义词等线索。 （4）所选答案引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与选项紧密连接起来。 3.设空在段中： 重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系，或者根据意义的连贯性得出答案；如果还没有把握，再分析该段的中心句，因为中心确定后所有的句子都是围绕该中心来描述的。 When mouth\|watering food on a white plate is served, do you eat it right away? 36(G) Then you post it on your favorite social networking sites and apps. Shooting food has become a popular practice for people all over the world.Last month, The Telegraph published an article from British food photographer Hugh Johnson in which he shared tips.Read and find out how to get better at taking food pictures....Move things aroundToo many people might ruin a good shot by failing to look at the backdrop properly. Make sure all the dirty spoons and used napkins（餐巾纸）are out of sight. Double check that you havenot left anything in your background that you dont want to be seen. 40 A.Consider the light. B.Let the food take centre stage. C.The food will sparkle in the sunshine. D.Try and use the shadow to your advantage. E.Unnatural light may ruin amazing pictures. F.Donot try and put too much in a single picture. G.Chances are that you actually take a photo first. 【解析】由前两段可知，文章主要讲'how to get better at taking food pictures'。根据空白处所在段内容可推知，拍摄美食时，食物才是重点，其他不必要的或影响主题的东西都要收起来，空白处应是对本段内容的概括或总结。结合本节标题'Move things around'可知B项符合语境。B。 语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。如果空白位于段首，要前瞻后望找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。如果空白位于段中，重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；如果还没有把握，再分析该段的中心句。如果空白位于段尾，在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联时，可考虑与下一段开头之间的衔接。仔细阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与所选选项紧密连接起来。 How to Have a Successful Teenage LifeEveryone wants to succeed in their life, do not they? Even as a teenager, you can achieve success in your life; it really isnot that hard. 31 Do well in school. No matter how boring it is now, education will help you be a productive member in society. Try your best for excellence in school; listen to the teachers, do your homework, study, and get good grades... A. Live life to the fullest. B. School sets you up on the right track! C. Be nice to your parents and teachers. D. Find chances to do volunteer work that interests you. E. It will help you pass time and develop your personality. F. Here are some important points that you may find helpful. G. Keep in mind that they do the things they do because they care about you. 【解析】空白处在段尾，所填句子要么是段落总结句，要么是上下过渡句。空白处前的'Everyone wants to succeed in their life, dont they? Even as a teenager, you can achieve success in your life; it really isnt that hard'表明成功并非如此困难，下文则又讲了如何成功，可见选项要在这里起到承上启下的作用，用来引出下文成功的方法，所以F项符合语境。 细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节，比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有：词汇复现法、词汇同现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。 复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同（近）义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。 【典例4】How to Do Man-on-the-Street InterviewsThe man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.... A. Limit your time. B. As you approach people, be polite. C. If you dont own a camera, you can buy one. D. For new reporters, this can seem like a challenging task. E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question. F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need. G. With a question like this, you will get more than a 'Yes' or 'No' reply. 【解析】解此题可运用反义词复现法。本段用来引入本文的话题。空白处的后一句话中有一个形容词'easy'，且该句是由But引导的，说明该句话与空白处在意义上是相反的。因此，在选项中找出' easy '的反义词' challenging '，将答案锁定为D项。D。 词汇同现是指属于同一词汇范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。 【典例5】（全国卷Ⅰ）...I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature\|loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life. ... A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 【解析】解此题可运用词汇同现法。该空前面的部分说明了作者被说服参加另一次野营活动，而空白后则说这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调，因此空白处的论述应该是在'住宿'这一范畴内，几个选项中只有A项合适。A。 英语文章中代词出现的频率极高，代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词，考生巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。 【典例6】（全国卷Ⅰ）...I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 38 （A） Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature\|loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty\|eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains. ... A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 【解析】解此题可运用代词线索法。一方面，利用代词指代关系，空白处后面的句子里提到的We指代的是选项里面的my family。另一方面,从结构上来说，联系上下文，上文提到的是野营的过程，该空后面提到的具体做法表现出了'我们'对野营的热爱，由此可推知空白处表示野营结束之后的态度。弄清楚代词We的指代，对解答此题非常重要。F。 一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含一种以上这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。 【典例7】（全国卷Ⅰ）If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill\|cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36.The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer...I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness......We have done a lot of it since... 40（E） It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style. A. This time there was no tent. B. Things are going to be improved. C. The trip they took me on was a rough one. D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however. E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping. F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping. G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall. 【解析】此题考查考生对文章内在逻辑的把握能力。首句'如果三年前有人告诉我我会花大部分的周末时间去野营，我将会开怀大笑'使用了虚拟语气，预示了后面的转折关系。接着讲述了作者过去对野营的看法。由下文可知作者起初和后来对野营的态度不一样。D项表示'但是，从那时起我就学习了很多关于野营的知识'，however与上文构成转折关系，因此是最佳选项。此题的关键是however这个逻辑关系词，承上启下，为下文内容做铺垫。 【知识拓展】由于英语的段与段之间、句与句之间经常会使用连接词进行衔接和过渡，使文章的逻辑更清楚、结构更连贯，因此文章中和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的连接词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。能表明句与句、段与段之间逻辑关系的连接性词语有以下几种： 因果关系：如so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等。 条件关系：如as/so long as, on condition that, if, unless等。 并列关系：如first, second, third...; firstly, secondly, thirdly...;first, next, then...; in the first place, in the second place...; for one thing, for another thing...等。 转折关系：如however, nevertheless, though, yet, otherwise等。 对比关系：如on the contrary, by contrast, in/by comparison, conversely（相反地）等。 递进关系：如also, further, furthermore, even, besides, moreover, in addition, what is more等。 解释关系：如for example, for instance等。 考生在解题过程中如果抓住了这些表示逻辑关系的连接词，也就掌握了解题的关键，从而就能顺利地选出答案。
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