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句子种类专讲专练 句子按说话目的可分为四种类型：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 [陈述句] ☞考点：陈述句的肯定结构和否定结构。 在肯定结构中，谓语部分不含否定词；否定结构是在系动词、助动词或情态动词后加not，除了not外，其他否定词，如：no, hardly, never, neither, nor等，也可以构成否定结构。 【考例链接】 1. Li Lei does the housework every day. (改为否定句) Li Lei ______ ______ the housework every day. (2016湖北孝感) 2. Both Lucy and May can speak Japanese very well. (变成否定句) ______ Lucy ______ May can speak Japanese very well. (2016黑龙江绥化) 3. There are many old people exercising in the park now. (改为否定句) There ______ ______ many old people exercising in the park now. (2015重庆B卷) 4. Ben has finished the project on reusing natural resources. (改为否定句) Ben ______ ______ the project on reusing natural resources. (2015贵州安顺) [疑问句] 疑问句用来提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和附加疑问句。课标要求同学们掌握前三种。 ☞考点一：一般疑问句。 一般疑问句用yes 或no 来回答，其回答常用简略答语。一般疑问句通常将系动词、助动词或情态动词放到主语前(有时谓语动词的形式需进行相应变化)。 【考例链接】 1. He has four lessons in the morning every day. (改为一般疑问句) ______ he ______ four lessons in the morning every day? (2016甘肃天水) 2. The teacher explained to us the puzzling problem yesterday afternoon. (改为一般疑问句) _____ the teacher _____ to you the puzzling problem yesterday afternoon? (2014甘肃平凉) ☞考点二：特殊疑问句。 1. 以疑问词开始，以寻求信息为目的的句子叫特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes或no，而要根据实际情况回答。 2. 常用的疑问词有：疑问代词what, which, who, whose, whom；疑问副词when, where, why, how；疑问词组how soon, how long, how far, how often, what class, what time, what color, how old, how many, how much等。 3. 特殊疑问句的一般结构是：“疑问词(不作主语)+一般疑问句语序？” 但对主语或修饰主语的定语提问时，要用陈述句语序。 【考例链接】 1. With the help of my friend, I learned about sending messages. (就划线部分提问) ______ ______ you learn about sending messages? (2016新疆乌鲁木齐) 2. His father is tall and thin. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ his father look like? (2016黑龙江绥化) 3. I can finish the report on food safety in two days. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ can you finish the report on food safety? (2016甘肃天水) 4. The Chinese graduate became a star because of his speech at Harvard. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the Chinese graduate become a star? (2016上海) 5. The girl bought lots of clothes on the day of Double 11 last year. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the girl do on the day of Double 11 last year? (2016重庆B卷) 6. Dave was making a model plane in the classroom at that time. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ Dave making a model plane at that time? (2016重庆A卷) 7. It's about 2 kilometers from my home to school. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ is it from your home to school? (2015湖北孝感) ☞考点三：选择疑问句。 选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上情况，用or连接。回答时不能用yes或no，而要根据选择的情况进行回答。它有两种形式，一种类似一般疑问句的形式，一种类似特殊疑问句的形式。 【考例链接】 ( )1. —Do you like listening to country music or rock music? —_____. It brings me pleasure. A. Yes, I do B. No, I don't C. I like music D. Country music (2015 吉林长春) 2. My favorite color is green. (用yellow改为选择疑问句) _____ your favorite color green _____ yellow? (2015黑龙江绥化) [祈使句] ☞考点一：肯定式 祈使句的肯定式以动词原形开头，祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。有时为了强调对方时，可以写出主语you或人名。为了使语气变得委婉、客气，可在句首或句末加上please。 ☞考点二：否定式 在动词原形前加don’t构成否定的祈使句。 ☞考点三：祈使句可用于句型“祈使句+and / or+分句”中，祈使句相当于条件状语从句。 【考例链接】 ( )1. _____ along this street, and you can find the hotel on your right, next to the market. A. Walk B. To walk C. Walks D. Walking (2015 吉林长春) ( )2. _____ on the grass, or it will “cry”. A. To walk B. Not to walk C. Walk D. Don't walk (2015陕西) ( )3. _____ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in. A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been (2015河南) ( )4. Daniel, _____ play with the mobile phone while you're walking in the street. A. don't B. doesn't C. won't D. can't (2015江苏盐城) 5. You shouldn't drive cars after drinking wine. (改为祈使句) _____ _____ cars after drinking wine. (2016新疆乌鲁木齐) [感叹句] 感叹句表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈的感情，一般由what或how引导，句末用感叹号。 ☞考点一：what引导的感叹句。 what修饰名词，它引导的感叹句有三种句型： 1. What + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 (+ 主语 + 其他)! 2. What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词(+ 主语 + 其他)! 3. What + 形容词 + 不可数名词(+ 主语 + 其他)! ☞考点二：how引导的感叹句。 how作状语，修饰形容词或副词，它引导的感叹句的句型为：How + 形容词 / 副词(+ 主语 + 其他)! 【考例链接】 ( )1. —What programme is so attractive? —The guard of honor (仪仗队) of the PLA are taking part in the parade on Red Square. —_____ exciting event! A. How a B. What an C. How an D. What a ( )2. —Jane Zhang is going to hold a concert here in July. —Really? _____ exciting news! A. How B. What an C. What ( )3. —So far, Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds. —_____ he runs！ A. How slow B. How fast C. What a slow D. What a fast ( )4. —Did you watch the TV show Running Man last night? —Yes, I did. _____ interesting it was! A. How B. What C. What a 5. Mr. Smith is a very kind man. (改为感叹句） _____ _____ kind man Mr. Smith is! 6. It's very useful information. (改为感叹句) _____ _____ the information is! |
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