昨天上课给大家讲了一般过去时和现在完成时的区别,今天大家一定再回顾一下! 传统解释: 一般过去时:动作发生在过去。 现在完成时:1. 动作发生在过去,并持续到现在(延续性动词);2. 动作发生在过去,对现在有影响(非延续性动词)。 经典例子: I drank a glass of water.」这讲的纯粹是我做了什么──「我喝了一杯水」,这是我过去某时某地做的一件事。我为什么要说这个呢?或许是有人问喝了什么。 「I've drunk a glass of water.」这通常还是可以译为「我喝了一杯水」,但强调的内容和讲话的目的很不一样。此时我说这个可能是因为妈妈又给了我一杯水,而我因为已经喝了一杯水而喝不下更多了,于是时常我们还会加强语气,说「I've already drunk a glass of water.」
常见考法: 选一般过去时:1. 有明显的表示过去的时间点(比如:last week;yesterday等),2. 有明显的表示过去发生动作的时间(when I was three) 选现在完成时:1. 时间段的持续(for the last three weeks 等),2. 有明显与现或将来时态在相关的动作,并且存在或强或弱的因果关系(这个可以理解为对现在有影响) I have broken my car,so I have to walked home.(我的车坏了,对现在的影响就是走回家!) 经典考题:摘自University of Victoria 附(以下为英英解释,更加精彩) 以下摘自维多利亚大学的官网ELC Study Zone: Present Perfect and Simple Past Present Perfect and Simple Past Has the time period finished? 所谈论的时间段有没有结束? Rule The present perfect is used when the time period has NOT finished. The simple past is used when the time period HAS finished. Example & Explanation I have seen three movies this week.(This week has not finished yet.) I saw three movies last week.(Last week has finished.) Is it new information or old? 所谈论的信息是老的还是新的?
Rule The present perfect is often used when giving recent news. The simple past is used when giving older information. Example & Explanation Martin has crashed his car again.(This is new information.) Martin crashed his car last year.(This is old information.) Is it a specific time? 所谈论的时间是否是某个特定时间点? Rule The present perfectis used when the time is not specific. The simple pastis used when the time is clear. Example & Explanation I have seen that movie already.(We don't know when.) I sawthat movie on Thursday.(We know exactly when.)
Has the action finished (sentences with “for” or “since”)? 所谈论的动作有没有结束? Rule The present perfect is used with for and since when the actions have not finishedyet. The simple past is used with for when the actions have already finished. Example & Explanation I have lived in Victoria for five years.(I still live in Victoria.) I lived in Victoria for five years.(I don't live in Victoria now.)
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