下面将针对动词不定式的每一种用法通过一个非常实用的例句来帮助你快速理解并掌握动词不定式的所有用法(共六种)。
举例:
1) to say is one thing and to do is another. 说和做是两回事。(不定式作主语)
2) It's difficult to find a nice house in this price range.在这个价格范围内找到一个好房子比较难。
关于这个用法,有一点需要注意:
当主语和表语都是不定式时,不能用形式主语'It'来代替动词不定式。
3) In a sense, to help others is to help oneself. (因为表语to help oneself和主语to help others都是不定式,所以不能用形式主语来代替)
举例:
1) My dream is to have a villa with a swimming pool.我的梦想是拥有一个带泳池的别墅。
关于这个用法,有一点需要注意:
有些作表语的不定式,在结构上虽然是主动的,但在意义上却是被动的。
举例:
2) Frankly, you are not to blame. 坦率地说,应该被责备的不是你。
举例:
1) I never expected to get help from you.我从没想过会从你那儿得到帮助(作及物动词的宾语)。
2) The boss made no comments but to ask him to perform better next time. 老板除了让他下次表现好点,未做任何评价。(作介词的宾语)
注意:介词前如果是'do',不定式的to要省略:
3) There is nothing we can do but wait patiently. 除了耐心等待别的我们什么都做不了。
4) I am really sorry to keep you waiting. 真对不起让您久等了。(作形容词的宾语,句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语)。
5) Her stubborn father is quite hard to get along with. 她顽固的父亲很难相处。(作形容词的宾语,句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语)。
在这类句型中,根据谓语动词的性质,又可分为7类:
1.在动词advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, encourage, force, get, help, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, warn, tell 等后面,多接不定式短语作宾语补足语。
举例:
Most parents don't allow their kids to play phone games. 大部分家长不允许他们的孩子玩手机游戏。
2.在表示情感状态的动词(如expect, hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish等)后作宾语补足语。
举例:
I would prefer you to stay at home. 我宁愿你呆在家里。
3.在表示心理状态的动词(如believe, consider, discover, find, imagine, judge, prove, suppose, think等)后作宾语补足语。这类动词后的不定式通常是“to be 形容词或名词”结构,consider, find, think 后的to be常可省略。
举例:
We consider her to be an excellent teacher. 我们认为她是位优秀的教师。(句中的'to be'可省略)
4.在使役动词(如have, let, make等)后作宾语补足语,不定式不带to。
举例:
Her parents made her study every day. 她父母让她每天学习。
但转为被动语态时,其后通常都用带to的不定式(have没有被动语态)。
举例:
She was made to study every day. 她被父母要求每天学习。
5.在表示感觉的动词(feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch等)后作宾语补足语,并且不定式都不带to。
举例:
We saw a taxi stop just now. 我们看到一辆出租车刚停下来了。
但是,当这类动词转为被动语态时,原先不带to的不定式要变成带to的不定式。而notice和watch没有被动语态。
举例:
A taxi was seen to stop just now. 一辆出租车被看到停下来了。
6.跟不定式作宾语补足语时也省去to的动词可以归结为:一感二听三让四观看,概括如下: 一感:feel; 二听:hear, listen to; 三让:have, let, make; 四观看:look at, observe,see, watch。
7.动词不定式也可作一些短语动词(如arrange for安排, call on号召, depend on依靠, long for盼望, rely on指望, wait for等待)的宾语补足语。
举例:
You can't rely on a man to treat you well all the time. 你不能指望一个男人对你一直好。
1.主谓关系
举例:
He is always the first one to come in his company. 他总是公司第一个来的人。
2.动宾关系
举例:
She has two kids to take care of. 她有两个孩子要照顾。
3.同位关系
举例:
He broke his promise to live together with his wife till old and grey. 他没有遵守跟他老婆白头偕老的承诺。
4.修饰关系
举例:
Now it is time to start our work. 是时候开始我们的工作了。
1.表示目的
举例:
I am currently saving up to buy a new car. 我在存钱买辆新车。
通常为了强调或突出这种目的,会用如下结构: in order(not)to do,和so as(not)to do结构(但so as to do不可以置于句首)。
举例:
I drived as fast as I can in order not to be late this morning. 今天上午为了不迟到,我能开多快就开多快。
2.表示结果
举例:
They said goodbye to each other at the airport, never to see each other again. 他们在机场道别后,再也没见面。
另外,常用于表示结果的句型如下:so...as to do, such...as to do, enough to do, only to do, too...to do
举例:
She is too busy to come to the meeting. 她太忙了,无法到会。
3.表示原因
举例:
She was foolish not to listen to her parents then. 她那个时候没听父母的话,真是太蠢了。
4.表示条件
举例:
You must be blind not to realize how sly he is. 你一定是眼瞎了,竟然没意识到他有多狡猾。
以上就是本文通过例句解读的语法难点-动词不定式所有的六种用法。
英语的学习是一滴一滴积累出来的,每天通过例句来学习语法知识,日积月累,你就会完全掌握英语的全部语法知识点,并学到大量的实用句子。这样会给你带来越来越多的成就感,能使你对英语学习的兴趣越来越浓厚,同时你也能从英语的学习中找到更多的乐趣和自信。