流行病学: 中国老年糖尿病患者数居世界首位 2020年滕卫平教授发表的最新中国糖尿病流行病学调查结果显示,依据美国糖尿病学会2018年糖尿病诊断标准,60~69岁人群的糖尿病患病率为28.8%,≥70岁人群的糖尿病患病率为31.8%4(如下图)。 老年糖尿病的诊断: HbA1c可作为糖尿病诊断指标 表1老年糖尿病诊断标准 老年糖尿病的三级预防: 加强对老年人群心血管疾病风险因素管理 老年健康状态综合评估: 根据综合评估结果制定个体化策略 表2 老年健康状态综合评估 血糖控制目标: 除HbA1c和点血糖外,必要时TIR也可以作为补充指标 表3 老年糖尿病患者血糖控制目标 表4 老年糖尿病患者血糖波动控制目标 降糖药物及治疗路径: 优先选择低血糖风险较低的药物,关注肝肾功能、心脏功能等 图1:老年2型糖尿病患者非胰岛素治疗路径图 胰岛素治疗: 起始治疗首选基础胰岛素;双胰岛素也可作为胰岛素治疗的一级推荐 图2:老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛素治疗路径图 老年糖尿病患者在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间: 注意防护,避免感染 参考文献1. 国家统计局. 中华人民共和国2019年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL]. 2020‑02‑28. http://www. stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/202002/t20200228_1728913.html. 2. 中华糖尿病杂志, 2021,13(01) : 14-46. 3. Sinclair A, Saeedi P, Kaundal A, et al. Diabetes and global ageing among 65‑99‑year‑old adults: Findings from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9(th) edition[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2020, 162: 108078. 4. Li Y,Teng D, Shi X, et al. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2020, 369: m997. 5. World Health Organization. Use of glycated haemoglobin(HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: abbreviated report of a WHO consultation[M]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011. 6. LeRoith D, Biessels GJ, Braithwaite SS, et al. Treatment of Diabetes in Older Adults: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2019,104(5): 1520‑1574. 7. Battelino T, Danne T, Bergenstal RM, et al. Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the international consensus on time in range[J]. Diabetes Care, 2019, 42(8): 1593‑1603. 8. Hamano K, Nishiyama H, Matsui A, et al. Efficacy and safety analyses across 4 subgroups combining low and high age and body mass index groups in Japanese phase 3 studies of dulaglutide 0.75 mg after 26 weeks of treatment[J]. Endocr J, 2017, 64(4): 449‑456. 9. Raccah D, Miossec P, Esposito V, et al. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide in elderly (≥65 years old) and very elderly(≥75 years old) patients with type 2 diabetes: an analysis from the Get Goal phase III programme[J]. Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 2015, 31(2):204‑211. 10. Bode BW, Brett J, Falahati A, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability profile of liraglutide, a once‑daily human GLP‑1 analog, in patients with type 2 diabetes ≥65and<65 years of age: a pooled analysis from phase III studies[J]. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother, 2011, 9(6):423‑433. 11. Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double‑blind, randomised placebo‑controlled trial[J]. Lancet(London, England), 2019, 394(10193): 121‑130. 12. Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown‑Frandsen K, et al.Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med, 2016, 375(4): 311‑322. 13. American Diabetes Association. 12. Older adults: standards of medical care in diabetes‑2021[J]. Diabetes Care,2021, 44 Suppl 1:S168‑S179. 14. Philis‑TsimikasA, Astamirova K, Gupta Y, et al. Similar glycaemic control with less nocturnal hypoglycaemia in a 38‑week trial comparing the IDegAsp co‑formulation with insulin glargine U100 and insulin aspart in basal insulin‑treated subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2019, 147:157‑165. 15. Brunner M, Pieber T, Korsatko S, et al. The distinct prandial andbasal pharmacodynamics of IDegAsp observed in younger adults are preserved inelderly subjects with type 1 diabetes[J]. Drugs Aging, 2015, 32(7):583‑590. 16. Fulcher G, Mehta R, Fita EG, et al. Efficacy and safety of IDegAsp Versus BIAsp 30, both twice daily, in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: post Hoc analysis of two phase 3 randomized controlled BOOST trials[J]. Diabetes Ther, 2019, 10(1): 107‑118. 17. Shahid Z, Kalayanamitra R, Mc Clafferty B, et al. COVID‑19 and older adults: what we know[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc,2020, 68(5):926‑929. *本文转载自诺和诺德医学资讯 |
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