反应机理 经典的Strecker反应机理: 手性有机催化剂催化的反应: 反应实例 【Tetrahedron Lett. 1979, 20, 4663–4666】 【J. Labelled. Compd. Radiopharm. 2000, 43, 891–898】 【J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 7355-7364】 【J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 7802-7806】 【Chem. Eur. J. 2002, 8, 439-450】 【Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2005, 16, 2613–2523】 【Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2006, 16, 3859–3863】 【Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2008, 19, 2804-2815】 不对称Strecker反应合成硝酮。 【Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2422–2425】 Adolph Strecker在160多年前发现了此反应。在它的论文中写道:“反应制备的大块甘氨酸晶体像珍珠母一样闪亮,坚硬,嚼起来嘎嘣脆。” P.S. \(^o^)/对自己的纯化水平极度自信啊,残留一点氰化钠可就挂了。 相关文献 1. Strecker, A. Ann. 1850, 75, 27-45. 2. Harusawa, S.; Hamada, Y.; Shioiri, T. Tetrahedron Lett. 1979, 20, 4663–4666. 3. Burgos, A.; Herbert, J. M.; Simpson, I. J. Labelled. Compd. Radiopharm. 2000, 43, 891–898. 4. Ishitani, H.; Komiyama, S.; Hasegawa, Y.; Kobayashi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 762–766. 5. Yet, L. Recent Developments in Catalytic Asymmetric Strecker-Type Reactions, in Organic Synthesis Highlights V, Schmalz, H.-G.; Wirth, T. eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 2003, pp 187-193. (Review). 6. Meyer, U.; Breitling, E.; Bisel, P.; Frahm, A. W. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2004, 15, 2029–2037. 7. Huang, J.; Corey, E. J. Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 5027–5029. 8. Cativiela, C.; Lasa, M.; Lopez, P. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2005, 16, 2613–2523. 9. Wrobleski, M. L.; Reichard, G. A.; Paliwal, S.; Shah, S.; Tsui, H.-C.; Duffy, R. A.; Lachowicz, J. E.; Morgan, C. A.; Varty, G. B.; Shih, N.-Y. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2006, 16, 3859–3863. 10. Galatsis, P. Strecker Amino Acid Synthesis. In Name Reactions for Functional Group Transformations; Li, J. J., Ed.; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2007, pp 477-499. (Review). 11. Belokon, Y. N.; Hunt, J.; North, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2008, 19, 2804-2815. 12. Sakai, T.; Soeta, T.; Endo, K.; Fujinami, S.; Ukaji, Y. Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2422–2425. 不对称合成改进法: (a) catalytic asymmetric Strecker reaction (e.g., aldehyde+amine+HCN+methylimidazole binaphthyl zirconium, aldehyde+ amine + TMSCN + praseodymium trifluoromethylsulfonate); (b) the addition of cyanide or its equivalent to an imine in the presence of a chiral catalyst [e.g., TMSCN +Ti(O-i-Pr)4 + chiral Schiff base, TMSCN + chiral trihydroxyl tetrahydropyran, HCN+ peptide with chiral cyclohexadiamine component, Vall´ee’s heterobimetallic catalyst, HCN + (R)-proline derived DHQD-PHAL catalyst, HCN + chiral bicyclic guanidine, HCN + chiral piperazinedione]; (c) addition of cyanide to a sulfinimine [KCN with a chiral quaternary ammonium salt with tetranaphthyl backbone as the phase-transfer catalyst, Et2AlCN to chiral sulfinimine, ethyl aluminum cyano alkoxide (EtAl(OR)CN)+ chiral sulfinimine, TMSCN + CsF + chiral sulfinimine (good for both aliphatic andaromatic aldehyde)]; (d) nucleophilic addition of a carbon nucleophile to an imine of α-ketoacid or ester in the presence of a chiral catalyst (e.g., addition of enolate in the presence of l-proline); (e) internal rearrangement of a chiral allyl trichloroimidate; (f ) kinetic resolution of a diasteromeric mixture (including the crystallization-induced asymmetric transformation of amino acid using (R)-phenylglycine amide as the chiral auxiliary and cinchona alkaloid catalyzed kinetic resolution of urethane protected α-amino acid). 【Comprehensive Organic Name Reactions and Reagents, by Zerong Wang,P 2712】 参考资料 一、Name Reactions (A Collection of Detailed Reaction Mechanisms), Jie Jack Li, Strecker amino acid synthesis,page 591-592. 二、Strategic Applications of Named Reactions in Organic Synthesis, László Kürti and Barbara Czakó, Streckerreaction, page 446-447. 三、Comprehensive Organic Name Reactions and Reagents, by Zerong Wang,P 2712.
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