code小生,一个专注 Android 领域的技术平台 公众号回复 Android 加入我的安卓技术群 作者:xcheng_ 链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/07fe489a53f2 声明:本文已获xcheng_ 投稿发表,转发等请联系原作者授权
http请求一直是开发中无法避免的存在,生命周期的管理也一直是开发者的痛点,稍不注意就在回调是抛出异常,如NullPointerException,showDialog导致的WindowLeaked等。
Google 最新推荐的 Lifecycle 架构就是可以让你自己的类拥有像 activity 或 fragment 一样生命周期的功能。 于是我决定采用lifecycle结合retrofit 将http请求和Activity或Fragment的生命周期相结合 本文将从以下几个方面一步步实现功能 如果有不熟悉lifecycle的可以自行学习,这里不做介绍了 lifecycle官方文档地址: https://developer./topic/libraries/architecture/lifecycle 为什么要使用lifecycle?activity 和fragment 是有声明周期的,有时候,我们的很多操作需要写在声明周期的方法中,比如,下载,文件操作等,这样很多情况下回导致,我们在activity中的声明周期方法中写越来越多的代码,activity或者fragment 越来越臃肿,代码维护越来越困难。使用lifecycle就可以很好的解决这类问题。 lifecycle代码简洁,我们可以通过实现LifecycleObserver 接口,来监听声明周期,然后我们在activity和fragment中去注册监听。
一 、分发lifecycle event对于event的分发我们采用观察者模式,需要支持多线程环境,因为http请求可能在任意线程中发起。 首先定义一个 LifecycleProvider 类,如下 /** * 统一分发Activity和 Fragment的生命周期时间. */ public interface LifecycleProvider { /** * Adds an observer to the list. The observer cannot be null and it must not already * be registered. * * @param observer the observer to register * @throws IllegalArgumentException the observer is null */ void observe(Observer observer);
/** * Removes a previously registered observer. The observer must not be null and it * must already have been registered. * * @param observer the observer to unregister * @throws IllegalArgumentException the observer is null */ void removeObserver(Observer observer);
/** * A simple callback that can receive from {@link android.arch.lifecycle.Lifecycle} */ interface Observer { /** * Called when the event is changed. * * @param event The new event */ void onChanged(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event); } }
实现类 为AndroidLifecycle 继承了LifecycleObserver 接口监听Lifecycle event public final class AndroidLifecycle implements LifecycleProvider, LifecycleObserver { private final Object mLock = new Object();
@GuardedBy("mLock") private final ArrayList<Observer> mObservers = new ArrayList<>(); /** * 缓存当前的Event事件 */ @GuardedBy("mLock") @Nullable private Lifecycle.Event mEvent;
@MainThread public static LifecycleProvider createLifecycleProvider(LifecycleOwner owner) { return new AndroidLifecycle(owner); }
private AndroidLifecycle(LifecycleOwner owner) { owner.getLifecycle().addObserver(this); }
@OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_ANY) void onEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Lifecycle.Event event) { synchronized (mLock) { //保证线程的可见性 mEvent = event; for (int i = mObservers.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) { mObservers.get(i).onChanged(event); } } if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY) { owner.getLifecycle().removeObserver(this); } }
@Override public void observe(Observer observer) { if (observer == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("The observer is null."); } synchronized (mLock) { if (mObservers.contains(observer)) { return; } mObservers.add(observer); if (mEvent != null) { observer.onChanged(mEvent); } } }
@Override public void removeObserver(Observer observer) { if (observer == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("The observer is null."); } synchronized (mLock) { int index = mObservers.indexOf(observer); if (index == -1) { return; } mObservers.remove(index); } } }
使用时只要在onChanged方法中就可以处理对应的事件,使用如下 LifecycleProvider provider = AndroidLifecycle.createLifecycleProvider(this); @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); provider.observe(new LifecycleProvider.Observer() { @Override public void onChanged(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) { //do... } }); }
observe 方法不依赖于主线程,可以在任何地方调用。这样二次分发设计的目的有两个
二、retrofit 关联生命周期retrofit 如何才能关联生命周期呢,通用的做法肯定是自定义CallAdapter.Factory ,我们可以返回我们想要的自定义Call,在Call接口添加bindToLifecycle 方法于LifecycleProvider 相关联 自定义Call接口如下,添加了绑定生命周期的方法,这里只展示核心方法 public interface Call<T> extends Callable<T>, Cloneable { //忽略其他代码 /** * 绑定生命周期 * * @param provider LifecycleProvider * @param event {@link Lifecycle.Event}, {@link Lifecycle.Event#ON_ANY} is not allowed * @return LifeCall */ LifeCall<T> bindToLifecycle(LifecycleProvider provider, Lifecycle.Event event);
/** * default event is {@link Lifecycle.Event#ON_DESTROY} * * @param provider LifecycleProvider * @return LifeCall * @see Call#bindToLifecycle(LifecycleProvider, Lifecycle.Event) */ LifeCall<T> bindUntilDestroy(LifecycleProvider provider); }
且看如何实现此接口 RealCall final class RealCall<T> implements Call<T> { //忽略其他代码 @Override public LifeCall<T> bindToLifecycle(LifecycleProvider provider, Lifecycle.Event event) { Utils.checkNotNull(provider, "provider==null"); Utils.checkNotNull(event, "event==null"); if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_ANY) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("ON_ANY event is not allowed."); } return new RealLifeCall<>(clone(), event, provider); }
@Override public LifeCall<T> bindUntilDestroy(LifecycleProvider provider) { return bindToLifecycle(provider, Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY); } }
LifeCall 生命周期管理的接口类,它继承了LifecycleProvider.Observer ,因此可以在onChanged 方法接收分发的Lifecycle.Event public interface LifeCall<T> extends Callable<T>, LifecycleProvider.Observer {
/** * Returns true if this call has been disposed. * * @return true if this call has been disposed */ boolean isDisposed(); /** * The method may be called concurrently from multiple * threads; the method must be thread safe. Calling this method multiple * times has no effect. * <p> * like {@code Observable#doOnDispose(Action)},{@code SingleSubject#onSuccess(Object)} * <p> * you can invoke with {@link Lifecycle.Event#ON_ANY} to dispose from outside immediately. */ @Override void onChanged(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event); }
且看如何实现此接口RealLifeCall 在onChanged 中判断,当event参数为指定的event时取消请求,并且标记为disposed,从provider中移除RealLifeCall 观察对象。注意的是可以手动调用LifeCall.onChanged(LifeCycle.Event.ON_ANY) 取消请求用于你想处理的任何场景,如果isDisposed() 返回为true,在异步Callback调用的情况下是不会回调的。 final class RealLifeCall<T> implements LifeCall<T> { private final Call<T> delegate; private final Lifecycle.Event event; private final LifecycleProvider provider;
private final AtomicBoolean once = new AtomicBoolean();
RealLifeCall(Call<T> delegate, Lifecycle.Event event, LifecycleProvider provider) { this.delegate = delegate; this.event = event; this.provider = provider; provider.observe(this); } //忽略其他代码
@Override public void onChanged(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) { if (this.event == event || event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY //Activity和Fragment的生命周期是不会传入 {@code Lifecycle.Event.ON_ANY}, //可以手动调用此方法传入 {@code Lifecycle.Event.ON_ANY},用于区分是否为手动调用 || event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_ANY) { if (once.compareAndSet(false, true)/*保证原子性*/) { delegate.cancel(); provider.removeObserver(this); } } } @Override public boolean isDisposed() { return once.get(); } }
如何返回Call ?自定义CallAdapter.Factory retrofit的解耦灵活我们可以做很多自定义的配置,自定义Factory返回我们的Call 接口对象,只需在创建retrofit对象是调用addCallAdapterFactory(CallAdapterFactory.INSTANCE) 添加进去即可。 注:executor默认为Android主线程调度使用,Callback 回调函数会在对应线程执行。详情可以看retrofit2.Platform.Android.defaultCallbackExecutor() 方法 public final class CallAdapterFactory extends CallAdapter.Factory { private static final String RETURN_TYPE = Call.class.getSimpleName();
public static final CallAdapter.Factory INSTANCE = new CallAdapterFactory();
private static final Executor OPTIONAL_NULL_EXECUTOR = new Executor() { @Override public void execute(@NonNull Runnable command) { command.run(); } };
private CallAdapterFactory() { }
@Override public CallAdapter<?, ?> get(Type returnType, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) { if (getRawType(returnType) != Call.class) { return null; } if (!(returnType instanceof ParameterizedType)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( String.format("%s return type must be parameterized as %s<Foo> or %s<? extends Foo>", RETURN_TYPE, RETURN_TYPE, RETURN_TYPE)); } final Type responseType = getParameterUpperBound(0, (ParameterizedType) returnType); final Executor executor = Utils.isAnnotationPresent(annotations, SkipCallbackExecutor.class) ? null : retrofit.callbackExecutor(); return new CallAdapter<Object, Call<?>>() { @Override public Type responseType() { return responseType; } @Override public Call<Object> adapt(retrofit2.Call<Object> call) { if (executor != null) { return new RealCall<>(executor, call); } return new RealCall<>(OPTIONAL_NULL_EXECUTOR, call); } }; } }
丰富的Callback 接口 支持开始、结束、成功、失败、异常统一解析、简单的数据二次处理操作,HttpError 统一包装异常信息 public interface Callback<T> { /** * @param call The {@code Call} that was started */ void onStart(Call<T> call);
@NonNull HttpError parseThrowable(Call<T> call, Throwable t);
/** * 过滤一次数据,如剔除List中的null等,默认可以返回t */ @NonNull T transform(Call<T> call, T t);
void onError(Call<T> call, HttpError error);
void onSuccess(Call<T> call, T t);
/** * @param t 请求失败的错误信息 */ void onCompleted(Call<T> call, @Nullable Throwable t); }
异步调用 定义接口 @FormUrlEncoded @POST("user/login") Call<LoginInfo> getLogin(@Field("username") String username, @Field("password") String password);
安全的异步发起请求: public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
LifecycleProvider provider = AndroidLifecycle.createLifecycleProvider(this);
@Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); RetrofitFactory.create(ApiService.class) .getLogin("loginName", "password") //.bindUntilDestroy(provider) .bindToLifecycle(provider, Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP) .enqueue(new DefaultCallback<LoginInfo>() { @Override public void onStart(Call<LoginInfo> call) { showLoading(); } @Override public void onError(Call<LoginInfo> call, HttpError error) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, error.msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onSuccess(Call<LoginInfo> call, LoginInfo loginInfo) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "登录成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onCompleted(Call<LoginInfo> call, @Nullable Throwable t){ hideLoading(); } }); } }
如何同步调用 一般同步调用的场景不多,一些连续且相互依赖的请求可以使用同步请求减少逻辑复杂性 如:注册成功后直接登录,如果采用异步的方式实现,回调接口缠绕在一起,代码不好维护。采用同步的方式实现更为方便。 @FormUrlEncoded @POST("user/register") Call<RegisterInfo> register(@Field("username") String username, @Field("password") String password);
@FormUrlEncoded @POST("user/login") Call<LoginInfo> getLogin(@Field("username") String username, @Field("password") String password);
new Thread(){ @Override public void run() { super.run(); try { RegisterInfo registerInfo=RetrofitFactory.create(ApiService.class) .register("loginName", "password") .bindToLifecycle(provider, Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP) .execute(); //注册成功开始登录 LoginInfo loginInfo=RetrofitFactory.create(ApiService.class) .getLogin("loginName", "password") .bindToLifecycle(provider, Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP) .execute(); //登录成功 } catch (Throwable throwable) { //异常处理 throwable.printStackTrace(); } } }.start();
这里涉及二个问题 关于Thread,可以自行用线程池实现,这里制作演示 线程调度,成功和失败的结果需要回调到主线程中,android中回调主线程采用的Handler.post(Runnable) 或者postDelayed(Runnable, long) 方法实现,当主线程调度执行run 方法是可能Activity或者Fragment已经被销毁。那么怎样才能安全的回调到主线程呢? 调度方法和生命周期关联,在主线程执行时再次做判断。NetTaskExecutor 是做的Handler的封装 public final class ToMainThread implements LifecycleProvider.Observer { @Nullable private volatile Lifecycle.Event mEvent; private final LifecycleProvider provider;
public ToMainThread(LifecycleProvider provider) { this.provider = provider; provider.observe(this); }
public void to(@NonNull final Runnable runnable, final Lifecycle.Event event) { NetTaskExecutor.getInstance().postToMainThread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (mEvent == event || mEvent == Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY) return; runnable.run(); } });
}
public void toDelayed(@NonNull final Runnable runnable, final Lifecycle.Event event, long delayMillis) { NetTaskExecutor.getInstance().postToMainThreadDelayed(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (mEvent == event || mEvent == Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY) return; runnable.run(); } }, delayMillis); }
@Override public void onChanged(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) { this.mEvent = event; if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY) { provider.removeObserver(this); } } }
完整的同步执行代码如下,这样处理完全关联了生命周期。不会出任何问题 new Thread() { @Override public void run() { super.run(); try { RegisterInfo registerInfo = RetrofitFactory.create(ApiService.class) .register("loginName", "password") .bindToLifecycle(provider, Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP) .execute(); //注册成功开始登录 LoginInfo loginInfo = RetrofitFactory.create(ApiService.class) .getLogin("loginName", "password") .bindToLifecycle(provider, Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP) .execute(); //登录成功 toMainThread.to(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "登录成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }, Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP); } catch (Throwable throwable) { toMainThread.to(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "服务异常", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }, Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP); }
} };
结束
github 地址: https://github.com/xchengDroid/retrofit-helper 欢迎提出疑问和建议。
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