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可带女儿先后去了两次庙会，却怎奈提不起她的兴致…… 奶爸专栏|聊聊《Moment in Peking》（京华烟云）中那些渐行渐远的中国民俗 也正因如此，之前公众号曾发过上述两篇文章，并固执的将其作为给学生口语考试的复习素材之一，强行植入这些渐行渐远的传统民俗给90后的他们，当然也包括我00后的女儿。
如今老外对中国传统民俗兴趣正浓，2016年的BBC纪录片再现了老北京的庙会盛况，然作为国人的我们却不能如数家珍，还是那句“民俗勿忘，传播有道”！ 今天就来聊聊庙会上常见的那些指尖上的民俗艺术英文怎么说……  吹糖人（Sugar-figure blowing） 01 01 据说这一民间艺术始于宋朝，当时被称为戏剧糖果(operacandy)。吹糖人以糖作为基本材料，糖人艺人用自己的方法熬糖，然后吹成各种人物。艺人先把糖加热到适当的温度，然后拉一些糖稀(syrup)捏成一团，再用各种技巧做出不同的形状,并涂上鲜艳的颜色。这种艺术是手、眼、心、 呼吸和一定温度所需时间控制的真正结合。一项技术不过关，整个过程都会失败。 02 The traditional folk art is said to have a history of more than 600 years. Firstly the sugar-figure craftsman heats the sugar to the proper temperature and then make the sugar into different shapes by kneading, pulling, blowing and more. 糖画（Sugar painting） 01 01 糖画，顾名思义，就是以糖做成的画，它亦糖亦画，可观可食。这一颇具四川地方特色的工艺距今已有400多年的历史。据考，它起源于明代的“糖丞相”。后来，四川民间艺人又将中国皮影、民间剪纸等姊妹艺术的造型手法融于一体，不用印铸模具，而改为直接用小圆勺舀起铜桶中的糖稀，以腕力带动勺子运行，随意挥洒在光洁的大理石板上，或提、或顿、或放、或收，速度飞快，一气呵成。 02 According to experts, this type of Chinese folk art originated from the Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures were created as part of sacrificial rituals. During the Qing Dynasty, it gained even more popularity and the techniques were upgraded, which resulted in an increased number of patterns, most of them inspired by nature, wildlife and religion . In the beginning, people used molds to shape the caramelized sugar, but they were gradually replaced with a small bronze spoon that had to be wielded by talented artists who were usually well versed in the art of normal painting as well. After the accomplishment, scoop up the sugar painting with a shovel and stick a bamboo slip. 剪纸（Paper cutting） 01 01 据史料记载，剪纸在我国汉代就已出现了。到明清时，已有专门的行业大量生产剪纸，远销国内外。剪纸是一项广受人们喜爱的民间艺术。无论日常生活、各种节日还是婚宴、寿宴等重要场合，人们都喜欢用剪纸来装点环境，烘托气氛。 02 Papercutting or paper cutting is the art of cutting paper designs.The history of paper cutting can be dated back to the 6th century. From the 7th to 13th century, paper cutting became popular especially during Chinese festivals. The art spread to the rest of the world in the 14th century. Papercutting remains popular in contemporary China, especially during special events like the Chinese New Year or weddings. It is easy to learn how to make paper cuttings, and required tools are simply a piece of paper and a knife or a pair of scissors. But to master this art is not easy at all because it requires much effort, practice, craftsmanship and imagination.
中国结（Chinese knotting） 01 01 中国结是一种自唐宋时期开始兴起的民俗艺术，也被称为中国传统绳结艺术。在其他国家，类似的工艺品称为装饰性绳结。古称络子，在《红楼梦》里面就有多处提及”打络子“”打结子“。其中第三十五回“白玉钏亲尝莲叶羹，黄金莺巧结梅花络”，用了半个章回的篇幅来描述。据莺儿讲，她打的花样有“一炷香，朝天镫，象眼块，方胜，连环，梅花，柳叶”，其中如梅花等，至今仍是打中国结时常用到的基本样式。
02 Chinese knotting is a decorative handicraft art that began as a form of Chinese folk art in the Tang and Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) in China. The art is also referred to as Chinese traditional decorative knots. In other cultures, it is known as "Decorative knots". A Chinese knot is a knot that is tied and woven from a single length of cord or rope to be a variety of shapes and of varying complexity. Each shape has its own symbolic meaning, and nowadays you can find them as decoration, gifts for special occasions, and adornments on clothes.
注：莺儿道："一炷香、朝天凳、象眼块、方胜、连环、梅花、柳叶。”-《红楼梦》 "'Incense-stick,' 'ladder,' 'lozenge,' 'double squares,' 'chains,' 'plum-blossom' and 'willow-catkins.（杨宪益译） 'There's stick-pattern, ladder-pattern, diamond, double diamond, linked rings, flower-pattern, willow-leaf.”（霍克斯译） 关于《红楼梦》里面的一些双语介绍详见公众号文章 奶爸专栏|最有味道的一部文学作品是什么？
泥人（Clay figure） 01 01 泥人是中国北方流传的一种民间彩塑，深得当地百姓喜爱。它创始于清代(the Qing Dynasty)末年，至今已有180多年的历史。“泥人张”的创始人叫张明山，生于天津，家境贫寒，从小跟父亲以捏泥人为业。"泥人"所用材料是含沙量低、无杂质的纯净胶泥，经风化、打浆、过滤、脱水，辅助材料还有木材、竹藤、铅丝、纸张、绢花等。塑造好的作品应避免阳光直射或置于炉火周围，正确的晾干方法应是自然风干。折叠工艺及特性"泥人"彻底干燥后要入窑烘烧，温度要达700℃左右，出窑后经打磨、整理即可着色，一件完整的作品一般需要30天左右。
02 Clay figure is a kind of folk painted sculpture which is popular in Northern China, and deeply appreciated by local people. Its appearance can be dated back to late Qing Dynasty, having a history of more than 180 years until now. The “Clay Figure Zhang” was founded by Zhang Mingshan, who was born in Tianjin. Clay Figure Zhang is made of ripe clay which is pure puddle with little sand through the process of weathering, slurrying, filtrating, evaporating and adding cotton to rub up. It has the characteristics of viscosity. The side materials include wood, vine, lead, paper, flowers and so on. After completely drying, the clay figure is put into stove for firing. The temperature is up to 700 degree Celsius or so. After coming out of stove, the clay figure is polished and painted. It takes about 30 days or so to finish a piece of work.
 上面提及的几处现在大可成为四六级翻译考试内容，其实指尖上的民俗艺术还有很多，然而外国人眼中“最棒的中国新年”却在我们的眼中渐行渐远。所谓“传承”，即在保留一些最珍贵的，且引以为傲的传统精髓！今年带女儿第一次去北京，除了吃北京烤鸭和海碗居老北京炸酱面，大半天的时间都泡在老北京的胡同儿里。我坚信只有体验之后才会有所认知，而后才会传播！ 近期奶爸专栏文章导读 奶爸专栏|#看电影学英文#亲子打卡学习第七期：Harry Potter（哈利·波特与魔法石） 奶爸专栏|#看电影学英文#亲子打卡学习第六期：The Croods（疯狂原始人） 奶爸专栏|#看电影学英文#亲子打卡学习第五期：Zootopia（疯狂动物城） 奶爸专栏|#看电影学英文#亲子打卡学习第四期：Charlie & the Chocolate Factory（查理和巧克力工厂） 奶爸专栏|#看电影学英文#亲子打卡学习第三期：Moana（海洋奇缘） 奶爸专栏|#看电影学英文#亲子打卡学习第二期：Frozen（冰雪奇缘） 奶爸专栏|#看电影学英文#亲子打卡学习第一期：Paddington（免费扫码入群） 奶爸专栏|《人民的名义》告诉我们：反腐势在必行，家庭教育亦不容小觑 奶爸专栏|零补课，零外教，整整十年，孩子的英语就这么被耽误了？ 奶爸专栏|因为你不看哈利波特（Harry Potter），所以你不知道 奶爸专栏|《中国诗词大会》火了，那个22个月时能对上近百首唐诗的她却不见了… （图文整理于网络，若侵权请告知） 点击蓝字标题 阅读更多文章 一歌一故事TOP 1 | TOP 2 | TOP3 |
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