【原】世界遗产评定准则 The Criteria for Selection for World Heritage

张克润_SG书塾 2021-12-11

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世界遗产含自然遗产、文化遗产或双重遗产

Selection criteria 评定准则

(i)

to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius; 代表一种独特的艺术成就，一种创造性的天才杰作；

(ii)

to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;

能在一定时期内或世界某一文化区域内，对建筑艺术、纪念物艺术、城镇规划或景观设计方面的发展产生极大影响；

(iii)

to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared;

能为一种已消逝的文明或文化传统提供一种独特的至少是特殊的见证；

(iv)

to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;

可作为一种建筑或建筑群或景观的杰出范例，展示出人类历史上一个或几个重要阶段；

(v)

to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;

可作为传统的人类居住地或使用地的杰出范例，代表一种（或几种）文化，尤其在不可逆转之变化的影响下变得易于损坏；

(vi)

to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria);

与具特殊普遍意义的事件或现行传统或思想或信仰或文学艺术作品有直接或实质的联系。只有在某些特殊情况下或该项标准与其它标准一起作用时，此款才能成为列入《世遗名录》理由。

(vii)

to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance;

独特、稀有或绝妙的自然现象、地貌或具有罕见自然美的地带

(viii)

to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;

具有突出构成代表地球演化史中重要阶段的突出例证；包括由地质和生物结构或这类结构群组成的自然面貌；从科学或保护角度看，明确划定的濒危动植物物种生态区；

(ix)

to be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals; 从科学、保护或自然美角度看，具有突出、普遍价值的天然名胜或明确划定的自然地带。

(x)

to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation. 构成代表进行中的重要地质过程、生物演化过程以及人类与自然环境相互关系的突出例证；尚存的珍稀或濒危动植物种的栖息地

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注：《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》规定，属于下列各类内容之一者，可列为文化遗产：

1.文物：从历史、艺术或科学角度看，具有突出、普遍价值的建筑物、雕刻和绘画，具有考古意义的成分或结构，铭文、洞穴、住区及各类文物的综合体；

2.建筑群：从历史、艺术或科学角度看，因其建筑的形式、同一性及其在景观中的地位，具有突出、普遍价值的单独或相互联系的建筑群；

3.遗址：从历史、美学、人种学或人类学角度看，具有突出、普遍价值的人造工程或人与自然的共同杰作以及考古遗址地带。