【原】【六西格玛英文】帕累托图，让事情具体化

帕累托图，让事情具体化

The Pareto chart is a great Six Sigma tool based on the Pareto principle named after Vilfredo Pareto, an Italian economist. The Pareto principle can be used to divide just about everything up into an 80/20 ratio.

帕累托图，是基于帕累托法则（以意大利经济学家维尔弗雷多·帕雷托名字命名）的一个伟很不错的六西格玛工具。帕累托法则，可以用来将几乎所有的事项分成80%与20%两部分。

An example of the 80/20 principle is exemplified in what Vilfredo Pareto observed himself back in 1906 — that 80 percent of the property in Italy was owned by 20 percent of the population.

一个80/20法则的被证实的例子，正是维尔弗雷多·帕雷托本人在1906年所观察到的-意大利80%的财富是由20%的人所拥有。

Another example of this principle would be a non-profit charity receiving 80 percent of their donations from 20 percent of the donors.

该法则的另一个例子是：某个非营利性的慈善机构从20%的捐赠者那里获得了80%的捐款。

帕累托图在六西格玛中的应用

A super useful tool to use in Six Sigma is a Pareto chart, because these charts visually show you where to apply your efforts. When applying DMAIC, one can usually see exactly where the effort is needed. The Pareto chart would be used when you want to break the ratio determined into more specific, granular information.

六西格玛中应用的一个超级有用的工具是帕累托图，因为该图可以目视化地显示出需要在什么方面做出努力。在运用DMAIC时，人们通常可以准确地看到需要在何处付诸以努力。在需要把比例拆分成更加具体细化的信息时，可以使用帕累托图。

Let’s take the non-profit example to show what type of specifics we could gather. So out of the donors that gave the least of amount of donations, where did those donors live? By determining this, perhaps one could increase marketing efforts to that exact population, and generate more donations.

让我们以非营利机构的例子为例，来说明我们可以收集哪些方面的细节。那么，最少捐赠数额之外的捐献者都住在哪里呢？通过确定这一点，也许我们可以增加对准确人群的营销工作，并带来更多的捐赠。

In a company, 80 percent of the important tasks are done by 20 percent of the staff. If a Pareto chart is done, one can pinpoint exactly which tasks are crucial to the smooth running of the company. Not all tasks are created equal — it is the unity of necessary tasks that make the wheels spin at a company, and the lack of doing these tasks correctly would start a free-falling bender headed for disaster.

在一个公司里，80%的重要任务是由20%的员工完成的。如果已经完成帕累托图，我们就可以准确地描述哪些任务对公司的顺利运作是至关重要的。其实，所有的任务并不是同等重要的，而特定任务在整体上让公司花了精力而又没有取得进展，如果未能正确地完成这些任务，就可能会导致公司逐步走向彻底的失败。

So the bottom line is when you want to get specific and pinpoint your efforts within an organization, a Pareto chart is the right tool of choice (once you have utilized DMAIC) to pinpoint specific data.

因此，底线是：在某个组织内部，一旦你已经使用了DMAIC，如果你想获得具体准确的努力方向的话，帕累托图是用来精确地确定具体数据的首选工具。