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你好RabbitMQ消息队列

 测试开发刚哥 2022-03-27

消息队列

生产者和消费者

生产者就是用来生产消息(发送消息)的:
消费者就是用来消费消息(接收消息)的:
在生产者和消费者之间的就是消息队列
它相当于消息缓冲区,最多能存储多少数据只受限于机器的内存和磁盘。多个生产者可以发送消息给同一个队列,多个消费者也可以从同一个队列接收消息。

Windows安装RabbitMQ

参考mall商城学习教程的RabbitMQ部分内容:
http://www./#/architect/mall_arch_09?id=rabbitmq
原文中rabbitmq-server-3.7.14.exe下载地址失效了,改从这里下载:
https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/tag/v3.7.14
安装完成后,确认服务已开启:
进入RabbitMQ安装目录下的sbin目录:
在地址栏输入cmd并回车启动命令行,然后输入以下命令启动管理功能:
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
RabbitMQ运行在本地机器上:
http://localhost:15672/
默认用户名密码为guest / guest:

Java客户端

amqp-client-5.7.1.jar是RabbitMQ官方提供的Java客户端:
https://www./tutorials/tutorial-one-java.html
既可以直接下载jar包,也可以在Maven中添加依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>5.14.2</version>
</dependency>

生产消息

导包:
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
创建类Send,定义队列名为hello:
public class Send {
private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
...
}
}
建立连接:
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
try (Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel()) {

}
  • 代码中创建了一个Connection实例和一个Channel实例,它们都用try语句包裹了起来,这是因为Connection和Channel类都实现了java.io.Closeable,try语句会自动关闭连接。

声明消息队列,并发送Hello World!消息到队列中:
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
String message = "Hello World!";
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
  • 声明消息队列是个幂等操作,重复声明不会重复创建队列。

  • 消息体是字节数组(byte array)。

Send.java完整代码:
https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-tutorials/blob/master/java/Send.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class Send {

private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";

public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
try (Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel()) {
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
String message = "Hello World!";
channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
}
}
}

消费消息

消费消息的代码跟生产消息的代码类似,也需要导包,建立连接:
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

public class Recv {

private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";

public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");

}
}
  • 消费者也声明了一个消息队列,因为有可能消费者比生产者先启动。这样能确保消费消息时,有队列存在。

  • 消费者没有用try语句,因为消费者一直在异步监听消息,如果把连接关闭了,它就没法消费了。

导包中有个DeliverCallback,通过它就能消费消息:
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> { });
因为发送消息和接收消息都是异步的,所以它叫做,callback,回调。
Recv.java完整代码:
https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-tutorials/blob/master/java/Recv.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class Recv {

private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";

public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C");

DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> {
String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'");
};
channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> { });
}
}

运行代码

运行Send.java生产消息后,能看到RabbitMQ后台已经有1条消息:
和1个消息队列:
并且发送完成后就断开了连接。
运行Recv.java消费消息后,能看到队列中已经没有消息了:
而消费者仍然保持着连接,持续监控新消息。如果把消费者停掉,连接就会断开。
从消息队列中能看到整个过程如下图所示:
参考资料:
https://www./tutorials/tutorial-one-java.html
http://www./#/architect/mall_arch_09?id=rabbitmq

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