写在前面
参见：
正文：白皮书第一部分之 1
下面开始拎第一部分我觉得可以记住的表达或句子或单词。
❝一、中国抗击疫情的艰辛历程
I. China's Fight against the Epidemic: A Test of Fire
❞
说实话，第一次见 test 的这个用法：a test of fire。
查了一下字典，test 在这里的意思是：
- 「DIFFICULT SITUATION」 「艰难处境」, a difficult situation in which the qualities of someone or something are clearly shown 考验:
为了加深印象，特意搜到了一本名字就叫 Test of Fire 的一本科幻书，讲的是未来的一次大地震毁灭了欧亚非所有生灵，这是书的简介：
Sci-fi legend Ben Bova’s 1982 book 「Test of Fire」 is a look at a near-future 「Earth struck」 by a giant solar flare that literally destroys all life in Europe, Asia and Africa because that half of the planet that was facing the sun at the time. North America is partially 「devastated」 by a limited strike of nuclear missiles from Soviet Union.
顺便温习一下 「devastate」 这个词，前言部分用过它的形容词 「devastating」：Facing this unknown, unexpected, and 「devastating」 disease, China launched a resolute battle to prevent and control its spread.
❝新冠肺炎疫情是新中国成立以来发生的「传播速度最快、感染范围最广、防控难度最大」的一次重大突发公共卫生事件，对中国是「一次危机」，也是「一次大考」。
The Covid-19 epidemic is a major public health emergency. The virus has spread faster and wider than any other since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, and has proven to be the most difficult to contain. It is both 「a crisis」 and 「a major test」 for China.
❞
这句话的英文处理的好棒，一连三个最还有时间，这么长的定语。果断的将他们单独成句。
- 防控难度最大：most difficult to contain
- 一次大考：a major test (复习：test of fire)
复习一下前言 2 中用到的 contain：
防控：containment
这个词的英译：the act of keeping sth under control so that it cannot spread in a harmful way
有控制；抑制的意思，比如
»the containment of the epidemic
对流行病的控制
防控：**contain** the spread of the virus , 复习一下上面几个句子
❝中国共产党和中国政府「高度重视」、「迅速行动」，
The Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Chinese government have 「addressed the epidemic as a top priority」, and 「taken swift action」.
❞
- 高度重视：address sth as a top priority
swift = happening or done quickly and immediately: 快速应对
❞
又是四字成语一字排开，五字排比，文字中自透着力量。
亲自指挥: take personal command
统揽全局: oversee the general situation
指明了方向: point the way forward
坚定了信心: bolster the confidence
bolster = to help someone to feel better and more positive 增强 鼓舞，同义词 boost
凝聚了力量: rally their strength
rally 在这里用到的意思是：To come together for a common purpose.
聚集：为了一个共同的目的聚集到一起
提一下这句话的译文，可以看到是做了调整，将“指明了方向”提到了前句，后面两个“坚定了信心、凝聚了力量”单独成句。因为前者是前提，方向对了，再加上努力，才能成功。
❝在中国共产党领导下，全国上下贯彻“「坚定信心、同舟共济、科学防治、精准施策」”总要求，打响抗击疫情的人民战争、总体战、阻击战。
Under the leadership of the CPC, the whole nation has followed the general principle of "remaining confident, coming together in solidarity, adopting a science-based approach, and taking targeted measures", and 「waged」 an 「all-out」 people's war on the virus.
❞
注意岛虽然中文里用到了三个连续的战争“人民战争、总体战、阻击战”，但译文处理的很巧妙，一句 all-out 总括。
「all-out」 = done in a very determined way, and involving a lot of energy or anger
all-out war/attack/offensive etc**：an all-out effort to win
「Wage」 在这里是发动(如战争)的意思：
to be involved in a war against someone, or a fight against something发动，进行〔战争、斗争〕:
wage war (on sb / sth)·
- The police are waging war on drug pushers in the city.警方正在市内开展一场打击毒贩的战争。
同舟共济：coming together in solidarity
复习一下前言学到的：
以及
- 团结协作：「solidarity」 (loyalty and general agreement between all the people in a group, or between different groups because they all have a shared aim)
- 「同舟共济」**、**守望相助：unite and cooperate to mount a collective response
科学防治：adopting a science-based approach
精准施策：taking targeted measures
❝经过「艰苦卓绝」的努力，中国付出巨大代价和牺牲，有力扭转了疫情局势，
Through 「painstaking」 efforts and tremendous sacrifice, and having paid a heavy price, China has succeeded in turning the situation around.
❞
- 巨大牺牲：tremendous sacrifice
- 扭转局势：turn the situation around
❝用一个多月的时间初步遏制了疫情蔓延势头，
In 「little more than」 a single month, the rising spread of the virus was contained;
❞
❝用两个月左右的时间将本土每日新增病例控制在个位数以内，
in 「around」 two months, the 「daily increase in domestic coronavirus cases」 had fallen to single digits;
用3个月左右的时间取得了武汉保卫战、湖北保卫战的决定性成果，
and in 「approximately」 three months, a decisive victory was 「secured」 in the battle to defend Hubei Province and its capital city of Wuhan.
❞
这几句没啥，除了一些常用词比如 本土每日新增
再就是时间的表达，
各不重复。
❝疫情防控阻击战取得「重大战略成果」，维护了「人民生命安全和身体健康」，为维护「地区和世界公共卫生安全」作出了「重要贡献」。
With these 「strategic achievements」, China has protected its 「people's lives, safety and health」, and 「made a significant contribution to」 safeguarding 「regional and global public health」.
❞
- 重大战略成果：strategic achievements ，为啥没译“重大”呢，我想是因为战略上的本身就是重大的了
- 人民生命安全和身体健康：people’s lives, safety and health
- （维护）地区和世界公共安全：（safeguard）regional and global public health
- 做出重大贡献：make a significant contribution to
❝截至2020年5月31日24时，31个省、自治区、直辖市和累计报告确诊病例83017例，累计治愈出院病例78307例，累计死亡病例4634例，治愈率94.3%，病亡率5.6%。
As of 24:00 of May 31, 2020, a cumulative total of 83,017 confirmed cases had been reported on the Chinese mainland, 78,307 infected had been cured and discharged from hospital, and 4,634 people had died. This demonstrates a cure rate of 94.3 percent and a fatality rate of 5.6 percent.
❞
注意译文直接将“31个省、自治区、直辖市和”译为“China Mainland”，聪明啊。考试的时候完全可以借鉴我认为。
- 累计报告：a cumulative total of … cases are reported
- 治愈出院病例：infected cases that have been cured and discharged from hospital
fatality：(事故或暴力导致的)死亡 A 「fatality」 is a death caused by an accident or by violence.
补充一些其他类似的：
追踪密切接触者：trace close contacts
