| 不及物动词不能够直接跟宾语，且没有被动语态。但是和介词搭配后，不及物动词不但可以跟宾语，也有了被动语态。 |
| 介词短语相当于形容词或副词，可作状语、定语和表语 | He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai【不需用任何介词】 the next year.(状语)他想来年在上海找份好工作 |
| They searched the room for the thief.他们在房间里搜索小偷 The letters are for you.(表语)信是给你的 |
| The man came <down the stairs>.(状)那个人走下楼来 |
| The woman <with a flower on her head> is from the countryside.(定)头上戴花的妇女来自乡下 |
| The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)老师现在和学生在一起 |
| 有无冠词区别不大 | at (the) most | 至多 | catch (a)cold | 感冒 | go to(the)office | 上班，去办公室 | (the) day before yesterday | 前天 |
| at (the) first | 起初 | in(the) future | 将来 | go to(the)market | 赶集，去市场 | (the) most of | 大多数 |
| all(the) day | 整天 | in(the) memory of | 纪念 | on (a) holiday | 在度假 |
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| on the way | 在路上 |
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| on and off | 有时，断断续续地，间歇地 | | in the way | 挡道 |
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| now and then | 时而，不时，偶尔 | | by the way | 顺便问一句 |
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| more or less | 或多或少，左右，有点儿 | | on the bus | 特指乘坐某一辆 |
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| before long | 不久，很快 | | in this way | 用这样的方法 |
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| long before | 很久以前 | | anything but | 根本不 ,决不 |
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| and so on/forth | 诸如此类,等等 |
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| 介词短语 | 在句中做定语、表语、补语、状语。介词+名词/ 代词 /词组 / 短语 /从句，做介词的宾语，搭配形成的短语，表示词与词、词与句子之间的关系，不能单独作句子成分 |
| 介词+名词 ：Unfortunately,there wasn't enough demand for our product.不幸的是，我们的产品市场需求不大。 |
| There is a real need for discipline in this class这个班，没纪律不行 |
| 介词+代词（一定用宾格） ：He always carried the photo with him 他总是随身带着那张照片 He is not interested in that at all 他根本对那个不感兴趣 |
| 介词+动名词（v-ing形式 ） ：He entered the room without talking off his shoes他没有脱掉鞋就进了房间 He objected to being treated like a child他反对被当作小孩看待 |
| 介词+数词 :She is a mother of two她是一位有两个儿子的妈妈 It is half past six现在是6点半 |
| 介词短语位置 | 状语时，如果表示时间、地点，可以放在句首或句尾 | (1) this / that/ these / those / last/ next/ a/ every / each+年、月、日等词构成的时间短语，前面不用任何介词 |
| 表方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较，一般放在句尾 | Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.每年都有国外的游客来游览平窑镇 |
| 表语时，放在连系动词之后 | He had a bad cold that week那个星期他患重感冒 |
| 定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后 | (2) for有时用来弓|出动词不定式的逻辑主语，常翻译成“对于...而言” |
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| It's too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour让我在区区一个小时内完成这项工作太难了 |
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| The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.房子够大的可以容10个人住 |
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| 3) of有时用来表示后面的人物正好是前面的表语的逻辑主语。It's very nice/kind of you to do so.你这么做真是太好了 |
| 介词短语位置 | 介词短语只要超过2个单词，一般放在名词的后面； 介词短语作定语时,避免头重脚轻只能放在被修饰的名词之后 |
| as | 像；如同 | He speaks English as an English man.他像一个英国人那样讲英语 |
| 作为，当作 | You can use that glass as a vase. 你可以把那个玻璃杯当作花瓶用 |
| about | 关于；对于在周围；在某个范围内；在…一带（附近，身边） | a book about flowers一本关于花卉的书 | …about | be excited about | 对...感到激动 |
| 目的是，为了 | Movies are all about making monev these davs.当今电影就是只顾赚钱 |
| be worried about | 对... 感到忧虑 |
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| be concerned about | 对..挂念/担心 |
| above | 反义词below，在..上方(不楼触不定垂直 | The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上面飞行。 |
| (温度、海拔等刻度)高于 | The mountain is about 3，000 meters above the sea.那座山海拔约三千米 |
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| The temperature will fall below zero again. 温度会再次降到零度以下 |
| across | 从一边到另一边；横过 | walk across the street 过马路 |
| 在…对面 | There is a bank across the street. 街对面就有一家银行。 |
| 在…各处；遍及 | across the country遍布全国 |
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| | after | 在…后（时间） | after lunch午饭后； after5 (o'clock) 五点后 after a while过了一会儿 |
| 在..后面（位置、顺序、重要性） | Shut the door after you.随手关门。 Your name comes after mine in/on the list.名单上你的名字在我的后面 |
| 反复不断或一个接一个 | day afer day日复一日 |
| against | 反对；违反；逆 | fight against illness 与疾病抗争； against the law违法 |
| 对抗 | Our team played against yours yesterdlay. 昨天我们队和你们队比赛了 |
| 紧靠，倚靠，碰，撞 | against the wall靠着墙; |
| 以…为背景；衬托 | The rain is beating against the window 雨点正击打着窗户 |
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| His red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.他的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼 |
| 防；预防 | against the fre防火 |
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| | along | 沿着，顺着=down | walk along/down the road沿着路走 |
| 靠着…边 | Houses had been build along both sides of the river沿河两岸巳经盖起了房屋 | | around | 环绕；在…周围 | The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 |
| before | 在…以前 | before lunch午餐前: before 9:00 pm晚上九点之前 |
| 在…面前/前面 | He arrived before me.他比我先到。 |
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| Before you is a list of the points we have to discuss在你面前的是一份我们不得不讨论的要点清单 |
| 当着某人的面 | He was brought before the judge. 他被帶上法庭。 |
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| | behind | 在…后面，在..的背面 | Who's the gid standling behind Jane? 站在简身后的女孩是谁? |
| 落后于 | He is behind the rest of the class, 他落后于班上其他人。 |
| 支持，赞成 | Whatever she decided to do, her family were right behind her无论她决定做什么，她的家人肯定会支持她的 |
| 是…的原因 | What's behind the happy smile? 为什么会笑得那么开心? |
| 成为过去 | The accident is behind you now, so try to forget it这次意外已经过去了,把它忘掉吧 | | beside | 在旁边/附近 | sit beside the river坐在河边 |
| 与…相比 | My painting looks childish beside yours. 同你的相比,我的画显得幼稚 | | beyond | 超出；除…之外 | beyond words无法用语言形容 |
| down | 从（高处）往下，向下 | Tears ran down her face when she heard the good news.当她听到这个好消息时，泪水顺着她的脸庞流下来。 |
| 沿着；顺着；朝着 | Go down the street till you reach the traffie lights. 沿着这条街一直走到红绿灯处 | | during | 在…期间 | during the night在夜间; during my stay in Zhengzhou我在郑州逗留期间 |
| including | 包括,包含 | There are 10 people including you. 包括你有10个人。 | | inside | 在.....内/里 | inside the house屋里；inside a year一年之内 | | into | 到..里面；进入 | Come into the house.进屋里来吧。 |
| 撞上;碰上 | The truck erashed into a parked car. 卡车撞上了一辆停放着的小汽车。 |
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| like | 像...样 | She was like a princess in a fairy tale.她就像童话故事里的公主。 |
| 例如，比如 | Out-Otopian novels like Animal Farm and 1984.诸如(动物庄园》和《1984)之类的反乌托邦小说 | | near | 在..附近(靠、接、临)近 | near the hospital 在医院附近; near Christmas 临近圣诞节 |
| 濒临:接近于(某种状态) | She was near to tears.她快要哭了。 | | off | 从(某处)落下! | fall off the bike从自行车上摔下来 |
| 远离某一地方 | Keep off the grass.勿踩草坪。 |
| 休息 | have three days off 放三天假 |
| opposite | 与..相对;在...对面 | The bank is opposite the
supermarket. 银行在超市的对面。 |
| past | 晚于,在.之后 | half past two两点半 |
| 经过;越过 | Will you go past my house on your way home?你回家的路上会经过我家吗? | | since | 自...以后/以来，常与完成时连用 | We've lived here since 1994.自1994年以来我们一直住在这里。 | | through | 穿过;贯穿 | go through the gate 穿过大门; drive through a red light开车闯红灯 |
| 自始至终;从头到尾 | through the novel 看完这本小说 |
| under | 在...下:少于:不足 | under 18十八岁以下; under 100 doliars. 不到一白美元: |
| under后接修建、讨论、治疗等名词，意为:在...中 | The road is under repair.这条路正在修缮中。 |
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| The question is under discussion.这个问题正在讨论中。 |
| without | 不，没有 | He found the place without
difficulty.他毫不费力地找到了那个地方 |
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