|
世界四大博物馆之一的大英博物馆最近因其“镇馆之宝”罗塞塔石碑卷入了一场风波...... 
“镇馆之宝”罗塞塔石碑 图源：推特 罗塞塔石碑（Rosetta Stone），又译为罗塞达碑，是一块制作于公元前196年的花岗闪长岩石碑。 石碑上刻有古埃及法老托勒密五世诏书，但文字内容有三种不同语言版本。近代考古学家对照各语言版本的内容后，解读出已经失传千余年的埃及象形文的意义与结构，成为今日研究古埃及历史的重要里程碑。 
罗塞塔石碑 图源：维基百科 The Rosetta Stone is a granodiorite stele inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in Memphis, Egypt in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes. The top and middle texts are in Ancient Egyptian using hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts respectively, while the bottom is in Ancient Greek. The decree has only minor differences between the three versions, making the Rosetta Stone key to deciphering the Egyptian scripts.
1799年法军上尉皮埃尔·弗朗索瓦·札维耶·布夏贺（Pierre-François-XavierBouchard）在一个埃及港湾城市罗塞塔发现了该文物，但在英法两国的战争中，石碑被辗转到英国手中，自1802年起保存于大英博物馆中并公开展示。
和其他许多文物一样，罗塞塔石碑也被认为是英国掠夺来的战利品，而不是出自本土的文物。对此，许多埃及的考古学家纷纷发声，要求大英博物馆交还罗塞塔石碑。 Prominent Egyptian archaeologists have renewed a call for the return of the Rosetta Stone from the British Museum to Egypt, 200 years after the deciphering of the slab unlocked the secrets of hieroglyphic script and marked the birth of Egyptology. 
大英博物馆 图源：推特
埃及著名考古学家莫妮卡·汉娜表示，已经有超过2500名考古学家在一份请愿书上签名，希望借此引发埃及人对此事件的重视。 The archaeologists' online campaign has gathered 2,500 signatures so far and aims to 'tell Egyptians what has been takenfrom them', said Monica Hanna, acting Dean of the College of Archaeology in the Egyptian city of Aswan. 
汉娜博士的社交主页 图源：推特
汉娜说：“我相信所有的这些文物最终都会被归还，因为博物馆的道德准则正在改变，这只是时间问题。而罗塞塔石碑已经成为了文化专制和文化帝国主义的象征。所以，归还罗塞塔石碑意义重大，这代表着人类顺应了新世纪的道德准则，而不是重复曾经野蛮的行径。” “I am sure all these objects eventually are going to be restituted because the ethical code of museums is changing, it’s just a matter of when,” said Hanna. “The stone is a symbol of cultural violence, the stone is a symbol of cultural imperialism. So, restituting the stone is a symbol of changing things – that we’re no longer in the 19th century but we’re working with an ethical code of the 21st century.”
大英博物馆的一位发言人说，埃及政府并没有正式要求归还罗塞塔石碑。该发言人在一份电子邮件声明中指出，自1799年发现罗塞塔石碑开始，已有28块刻有同样诏书的石碑被挖掘，其中有21块仍保存在埃及。 A British Museum spokesperson said there had been no formal request from the Egyptian government for the return of the Rosetta Stone.
In an emailed statement the spokesperson noted that 28 stelae engraved with the same decree written by Egyptian priests had been discovered, starting with the Rosetta Stone in 1799, and that 21 remain in Egypt.
图源：推特
埃方表示，文物的归有助于促进其旅游业的发展，这对于缓解埃及经济的紧张局势意义重大。接下来几个月的时间里，埃及政府计划在吉萨金字塔附近开放一座大型博物馆，用以展示其最著名的古埃及文物，提升旅游吸引力。 Egypt says the return of artefacts helps boost its tourism sector, a crucial source of dollars for its struggling economy. It is due to open a large new museum near the Giza pyramids to showcase its most famous ancient Egyptian collections in the next few months.
埃及旅游部长艾哈迈德·伊萨（AhmedIssa）上周在纪念埃及古物学200周年的活动上说：“埃及文物是埃及拥有的最重要的旅游资产之一，是独属于埃及的文化瑰宝。” “Egyptian antiquities are one of the most important tourism assets that Egypt possesses, which distinguish it from tourist destinations worldwide,” tourism minister Ahmed Issa said last week at an event to mark the 200th anniversary of Egyptology.
埃及的文化瑰宝 图源：维基百科
编辑：焦洁
实习生：石铭宇
|
