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背景：Lanthanum can affect the growth and development of the tea plant. Tieguanyin (TGY) and Shuixian (SX) cultivars of Camellia sinensis were selected to explore the mechanism underlying the accumulation of lanthanum (tea plants’ most accumulated rare earth element) through proteomics. 结果：Roots and fresh leaves of TGY and SX with low- and high-accumulation potential for lanthanum, respectively, were studied; 845 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Gene ontology analysis showed that DEPs were involved in redox processes and related to molecular functions. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathway analysis showed that DEPs were associated with glutathione (GSH) and α-linolenic acid metabolism, plant pathogen interaction, and oxidative phosphorylation. Thirty-seven proteins in the GSH metabolism pathway showed significant differences, wherein 18 GSH S-transferases showed differential expression patterns in the root system. Compared with the control, expression ratios of GST (TEA004130.1) and GST (TEA032216.1) in TGY leaves were 6.84 and 4.06, respectively, after lanthanum treatment; these were significantly higher than those in SX leaves. The LOX2.1 (TEA011765.1) and LOX2.1 (TEA011776.1) expression ratios in the α-linolenic acid metabolic pathway were 2.44 and 6.43, respectively, in TGY roots, which were significantly higher than those in SX roots. 结论：The synthesis of specific substances induces lanthanum-associated defense responses in TGY, which is of great significance for plant yield stability. 镧会影响茶树的生长发育。选择铁观音（TGY）和水仙（SX）茶树品种，通过蛋白质组学研究镧（茶树积累最多的稀土元素）积累的机制。研究了分别具有低和高镧积累潜力的TGY和SX的根和鲜叶；鉴定了845种差异表达蛋白（DEP）。GO分析表明DEP参与氧化还原过程并与分子功能相关。KEGG分析表明，DEP与谷胱甘肽（GSH）和α-亚麻酸代谢、植物-病原体相互作用和氧化磷酸化有关。GSH代谢途径中的37种蛋白质表现出显著差异，其中18种GSH S-转移酶在根系中表现出不同的表达模式。与对照相比，镧处理后TGY叶片中GST（TEA004130.1）和GST（TEA032216.1）的表达率分别为6.84和4.06；显著高于SX叶。在α-亚麻酸代谢途径中，TGY根中LOX2.1（TEA011765.1）和LOX2.1的表达率分别为2.44和6.43，显著高于SX根。特定物质的合成诱导TGY中镧相关的防御反应，这对植物产量稳定性具有重要意义。
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