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![]() ![]() MRI 是一种有价值的影像学检查方法,可用于诊断和评估齿状突骨折,因为它可以详细显示骨髓并评估支撑韧带结构。此外,MRI 还可以深入了解颈髓和颅颈交界处的骨折分类和潜在病理学,从而帮助临床医生评估损伤的神经系统影响,并指导保守治疗与手术治疗。 ![]() ![]() 图1:颅颈交界处和寰枢关节的外侧呈现显示了关键的韧带结构,包括齿状体后方的横韧带,该韧带与上下纵带连续。覆膜从C2椎体延伸而来,是后纵韧带(PLL)的延续。 ![]() 图2:GIF过程从侧面到颅颈交界处的后视图,同时移除后部元素和硬脑膜。覆膜从C2椎体部延伸至斜坡。移除覆膜后,显示出十字韧带,由寰椎横韧带和上、下二束纤维组成。成对的翼状韧带起源于齿状突的上外侧面,并附着于枕髁的内侧面。 ![]() ![]() 齿状突骨折通常是由于重大创伤引起的,包括跌倒(尤其是老年人)、机动车事故或高冲击运动损伤。齿状突骨折根据位置分为I型、II型和III型(Anderson和D’Alonzo分类,更多上颈椎骨折的分型)。手术治疗基于骨折类型、移位程度、相关韧带损伤、脊髓受压、患者神经功能缺损和患者的总体健康状况。 ![]() 图3:根据Anderson和D’Alonzo分类法划分的骨折类型。
![]() ![]() MRI在齿状突骨折和相关软组织损伤的评估中发挥着重要作用。MRI识别横韧带损伤的能力使其成为评估相关寰枢椎不稳和潜在颈髓病变的宝贵工具。MRI的诊断准确性使其成为指导治疗决策和改善患者预后的宝贵工具。 1.Offiah CE, Day E. The craniocervical junction: embryology, anatomy, biomechanics and imaging in blunt trauma. Insights into imaging. 8 (1): 29-47. doi:10.1007/s13244-016-0530-5. ↩ 2.Jarvis M, Yap J, Hacking C, et al. Atlanto-axial articulation. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 16 Sep 2023) https:///10.53347/rID-35480. ↩ 3.Wong A, Knipe H, Bell D, et al. Cruciate ligament of the atlas. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 16 Sep 2023) https:///10.53347/rID-36585. ↩ 4.Wong A, El-Feky M, Hacking C, et al. Tectorial membrane of the spine. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 16 Sep 2023) https:///10.53347/rID-36587. ↩ 5.Hsu WK, Anderson PA. Odontoid fractures: update on management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2010 Jul;18(7):383-94. doi: 10.5435/00124635-201007000-00001. ↩ 6.Gonschorek O, Vordemvenne T, Blattert T, Katscher S, Schnake KJ; Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma. Treatment of Odontoid Fractures: Recommendations of the Spine Section of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU). Global Spine J. 2018 Sep;8(2 Suppl):12S-17S. doi: 10.1177/2192568218768227. ↩ 7.Elgafy H, Dvorak MF, Vaccaro AR, Ebraheim N. Treatment of displaced type II odontoid fractures in elderly patients. Am J Orthop. Belle Mead NJ0029. 2009;38:410–416. ↩ 8.Gaillard F, Leong Y, El-Feky M, et al. Os odontoideum. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 17 Sep 2023) https:///10.53347/rID-1784 ↩ 9.Smoker WR. Craniovertebral junction: normal anatomy, craniometry, and congenital anomalies. Radiographics. 1994;14 (2): 255-77. doi:10.1148/radiographics.14.2.8190952 ↩ 10.Fan, Lei MDa; Ou, Dingqiang MDb; Huang, Xuna MDc; Pang, Mao MDa; Chen, Xiu-Xing MDd; Yang, Bu MDa; Wang, Qi-You MDa,∗. Surgery vs conservative treatment for type II and III odontoid fractures in a geriatric population: A meta-analysis. Medicine 98(44):p e10281, November 2019. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010281. ↩ 11.Elbadrawi AM, Elkhateeb TM. Transoral Approach for Odontoidectomy Efficacy and Safety. HSS J. 2017 Oct;13(3):276-281. doi: 10.1007/s11420-016-9535-3. ↩ 12.Ali FE, Al-Bustan MA, Al-Busairi WA, Al-Mulla FA, Esbaita EY. Cervical spine abnormalities associated with Down syndrome. Int Orthop. 2006 Aug;30(4):284-9. doi: 10.1007/s00264-005-0070-y. ↩ 13.Dickman CA, Greene KA, Sonntag VK. Injuries involving the transverse atlantal ligament: classification and treatment guidelines based upon experience with 39 injuries. Neurosurgery. 1996 Jan;38(1):44-50. doi: 10.1097/00006123-199601000-00012. ↩ |
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