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在情景中学语法 冠词（4） 不定冠词 a,an 王琴 Reading: Zhang Lin’s a university student. She is an
orphan. She lives in the university dormitory. She shares a big room with a
dozen other students Money is usually a
problem, so Zhang Lin’s got a part-time job. She works two evenings a week.
She’s a waitress at a pizza restaurant, which is in a big house. She earns 10
yuan an hour so she makes about 50 yuan an evening. She has to wear a uniform.
“I have an enormous breakfast, but I don’t have lunch. I have a big dinner at
work—a huge pizza and an ice cream. It’s an interesting job and I meet a lot of
people.” I．用a 还是an ？ 在辅音读音开头的词前用a： a restaurant a part-time job a uniform 在元音读音开头的词前用an：an orphan an ice cream an interesting job an hour hour 是元音读音开头，h不发音，因此我们说an hour, 而house 中的h是发音的，因此说 a house。 再如：a university student , auniform 等词是以辅音开头的，而不是元音开头。 II．a/an（不定冠词）的主要用途： 1．在单数可数名词前通常用a/an： a house a friend an evening 2．在第一次谈到一个人或一件事时，而并不说明是何人何事时用a/an： …which is in a big house.（并未指哪一座房子） She shares a big room with ….（并未指哪一间房间） III．a/an 的其他用途： 1．在职业，工作和宗教等名词前用a/an ： She’s a student. She’s a waitress. He’s a Muslim. 2．在谈到数量时用a/an： a dozen other
students a lot of people a hundred pounds a few friends 3．a/an可用来指“每一”： two evenings a week 10 yuan an hour $2 a kilo 4．在感叹句中用a/an： What a huge pizza! What an interesting job ! IV. 不用a/an的情况： 1．在不可数名词前我们不用a/an Money is usually a problem
for students.(不说 A money) 2．在表示一日三餐饭(breakfast, lunch, dinner等)前我们不用a/an： I don’t have
lunch.(不说 I don’t
have a lunch.) 但如果这类名词前用了形容词则必须用a/an: I have a big dinner at work.(I have big
dinner.) V．a/an 的复数：（ some +）名词 Reading: There are some people who don’t like
students. They say students have an easy life and don’t do any work. Is this
true? In fact, students usually have very little money. Some students get jobs
to pay for their food and accommodation. Some students get money from their
parents. A lot of Zhang Lin’s friends are students. They don’t all have rich
parents. And they can’t all find part-time jobs. 1．当我们指一定数量时，我们用some 代替a/an： There are some people who don’t like students.（部分人，而不是全体。） Some students get money
from their parents. （并不是所有学生向家长借钱。） 2．但如果我们感兴趣的是人或事本身而不是数量时，我们不用some。 They get jobs to pay for their food and
accommodation. They don’t all
have rich parents. 3．当我们谈到人或事的全体概念时，不用some。 They say students have an easy life.(=all
students) Students usually have very
little money. 更多关于some，见后继学习。 小练习： 在下列词、短语前或句中必要处填a/ an： 1.job 2.union 3.unusual name 4.enormous ice
cream 5. holiday 6. honest man
答案： 1. a job2. a union 3. an unusual
name 4. an enormous cream 5. a holiday 6. an honest man 7. a restaurant a street 8. an apple a glass |
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