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八年级英语(上)知识点 (师生通用)

 wang3938 2024-12-27 发布于上海

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Unit 1 Encyclopaedias

- 重点句型

- I used to be afraid of the dark.(我过去害怕黑暗。)

- I want to do something different.(我想做些不同的事。)

- Remember to do sth.(记得去做某事)例如:Remember to lock the door.(记得锁门。)

- Remember doing sth.(记得做过某事)例如:I remember seeing her somewhere.(我记得在某个地方见过她。)

- 重点词组

- listen to(听)

- learn about(了解)

- talk about(谈论)

- be born(出生)

- in the countryside(在农村)

- for example(例如)

- die out(灭绝)

- at the end of(在……尽头)

- more than(超过)

- used to(过去常常)

- know about(知道;了解)

- be famous for(因……而出名)

- one day(有一天)

- so much(如此多)

- find out(查明;找出)

- by the window(在窗户旁边)

- be interested in(对……感兴趣)

- next to(紧挨着)

- be sure(确定)

- go for a walk(去散步)

- do with(处理;处置)

- a number of(许多)

- since then(从那时起)

- be made up of(由……组成)

- connect...to(把……连接到)

- 重点语法:

一般过去时:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态,常与 yesterday、last week、ago 等时间状语连用,也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与 often、always 等频度副词连用。例如:I went to the park yesterday.(我昨天去了公园。)He always played football after school last year.(他去年放学后总是踢足球。)其否定句借助 did not(didn't),疑问句将 did 置于主语前,动词还原。如:I didn't go to school last Monday.(我上周一没去上学。)Did you see him yesterday?(你昨天见到他了吗?)

不定代词:something 用于肯定句,anything 用于否定句和疑问句,nothing 表示否定“没有什么”;形容词修饰不定代词要后置,如 something interesting(有趣的事)。例如:I have something to tell you.(我有事情要告诉你。)Is there anything wrong?(有什么不对劲吗?)There is nothing in the box.(盒子里什么都没有。)

Unit 2 Numbers

- 重点句型

- It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.(对某人来说做某事是……的)例如:It is easy for him to solve this problem.(对他来说解决这个问题很容易。)

- The number of...is...(……的数量是……)例如:The number of students in our class is 50.(我们班学生的数量是 50。)

- A number of...are...(许多……是……)例如:A number of books are on the shelf.(许多书在书架上。)

- 重点词组

- in one's life(在某人一生中)

- at the moment(此刻;现在)

- look up(查阅;查找)

- from then on(从那时起)

- make a mistake(犯错误)

- in a hurry(匆忙地)

- be based on(以……为基础)

- be used for(被用于……)

- 重点语法:

数词用法:基数词表示数量,如 one、two、three 等;序数词表示顺序,如 first、second、third 等。表示日期用序数词,如 on May 1st(在五月一日);表示编号用基数词,如 Room 203(203 房间);表示世纪、年代用基数词,如 in the 21st century(在 21 世纪),in the 1990s(在 20 世纪 90 年代)。

主谓一致:“The number of + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;“A number of + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:The number of the apples is small.(苹果的数量很少。)A number of students are playing basketball.(许多学生正在打篮球。)

Unit 3 Computers

- 重点句型

- What...for?(……是用来做什么的?)例如:What is this machine for?(这台机器是用来做什么的?)

- How about doing sth.?(做某事怎么样?)例如:How about going shopping this afternoon?(今天下午去购物怎么样?)

- It takes sb. some time to do sth.(做某事花费某人多长时间)例如:It takes me half an hour to do my homework.(我花半小时做作业。)

- 重点词组

- turn on/off(打开/关闭)

- connect to(连接到)

- in addition(另外)

- consist of(由……组成)

- come into being(形成;产生)

- in the 1960s(在 20 世纪 60 年代)

- work as(担任;以……身份工作)

- be unaware of(没有意识到)

- depend on(依靠;取决于)

- 重点语法:

一般现在时的被动语态:结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”。表示现在经常性、习惯性的被动动作或现在存在的被动状态。例如:The letter is written by me.(这封信是我写的。)Computers are used widely in offices.(电脑在办公室被广泛使用。)其否定句在 be 动词后加 not,疑问句将 be 动词提前。如:The book isn't read by him.(这本书不是他读的。)Is the window cleaned every day?(窗户每天都被打扫吗?)

Unit 4 Inventions

- 重点句型

- be made of/from(由……制成)例如:The table is made of wood.(这张桌子是由木头制成的。)The paper is made from wood.(纸是由木材制成的。)

- be used to do sth.(被用来做某事)例如:The knife is used to cut things.(刀被用来切东西。)

- get used to doing sth.(习惯于做某事)例如:I get used to getting up early.(我习惯早起。)

- 重点词组

- since then(从那时起)

- all one's life(一生;终生)

- lead to(导致;通向)

- make a great difference(有很大影响)

- have an effect on(对……有影响)

- work on(从事;致力于)

- at the same time(同时)

- 重点语法:

一般过去时的被动语态:“was/were + 过去分词”。表示过去某个时间被做的动作。例如:The bridge was built in 1990.(这座桥建于 1990 年。)其否定句在 was/were 后加 not,疑问句将 was/were 提前。如:The house wasn't built last year.(这房子去年没建。)Was the car repaired yesterday?(车昨天修了吗?)

现在完成时:强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。常与 already(已经)、yet(还)、since(自从)、for(持续……时间)等词连用。例如:I have lived here for five years.(我已经在这里住了五年了。)He has already finished his homework.(他已经完成作业了。)其否定句在 have/has 后加 not,疑问句将 have/has 提前。如:I haven't seen the movie yet.(我还没看这部电影。)Has she been to Beijing?(她去过北京吗?)

Unit 5 Educational exchanges

- 重点句型

- sb. spend some time (in) doing sth.(某人花费时间做某事)例如:She spent two hours (in) reading the novel.(她花了两个小时读这本小说。)

- It is a good chance for sb. to do sth.(这是某人做某事的好机会)例如:It is a good chance for us to learn about different cultures.(这是我们了解不同文化的好机会。)

- 重点词组

- go on an educational exchange(进行教育交流)

- be excited about(对……感到兴奋)

- make friends with(与……交朋友)

- take part in(参加)

- learn about(了解)

- during the stay(在停留期间)

- at first(起初;开始)

- keep in touch with(与……保持联系)

- 重点语法:

形容词的比较级和最高级:比较级用于两者之间的比较,通常在词尾加 -er 或借助 more,如 taller(更高的)、more beautiful(更美丽的);最高级用于三者或以上的比较,词尾加 -est 或借助 most,如 the tallest(最高的)、the most beautiful(最美丽的)。注意一些不规则变化,如 good - better - best,bad - worse - worst,many/much - more - most。比较级常用句型有“A + be + 比较级 + than + B”(A 比 B……),“Which/Who + be + 比较级,A or B?”(A 和 B 哪个/谁更……);最高级常用句型有“A + be + the + 最高级 + 范围”(A 在……范围内最……)。例如:She is taller than her sister.(她比她妹妹高。)This is the most interesting book I have ever read.(这是我读过的最有趣的书。)Which is more delicious, the apple or the banana?(苹果和香蕉哪个更美味?)

Unit 6 Ancient stories

- 重点句型

- neither...nor...(既不……也不……)例如:Neither he nor I like carrots.(他和我都不喜欢胡萝卜。)

- both...and...(……和……都)例如:Both Lucy and Lily are good at English.(露西和莉莉都擅长英语。)

- either...or...(要么……要么……)例如:Either you or he has to clean the classroom.(要么你要么他得打扫教室。)

- 重点词组

- in the beginning(起初;在开始的时候)

- instead of(代替;而不是)

- turn...into(把……变成)

- get married(结婚)

- fall in love with(爱上)

- be able to(能够)

- come out(出版;出现)

- all over the world(全世界)

- 重点语法:

并列连词的用法:neither...nor...连接两个并列成分,表示“既不……也不……”,谓语动词遵循就近原则;both...and...连接两个并列成分,表示“两者都”,谓语动词用复数;either...or...连接两个并列成分,表示“要么……要么……”,谓语动词遵循就近原则。例如:Neither he nor I am going to the party.(他和我都不去参加派对。)Both Tom and Jerry like ice cream.(汤姆和杰瑞都喜欢冰淇淋。)Either you or he has to clean the classroom.(要么你要么他得打扫教室。)否定句中表示“也”用 either,如:I don't like math. He doesn't like it either.(我不喜欢数学。他也不喜欢。)

Unit 7 Memory

- 重点句型

- have a good/bad memory(记忆力好/不好)例如:My grandfather has a very good memory. He can remember things that happened many years ago.(我祖父记忆力很好。他能记得很多年前发生的事情。)

- remember/forget to do sth.(记得/忘记去做某事)如:Remember to call your mother.(记得给你妈妈打电话。)

- remember/forget doing sth.(记得/忘记做过某事)例如:I forgot closing the window.(我忘记已经关上窗户了。)

- 重点词组

- look forward to(期待;盼望)例如:I look forward to hearing from you.(我期待收到你的来信。)

- pay attention to(注意)例如:You should pay attention to your spelling.(你应该注意你的拼写。)

- make a decision(做决定)

- in the end(最后;终于)

- by heart(凭记忆)

- improve one's memory(提高某人的记忆力)

- connect...with...(把……与……联系起来)

- 重点语法:

动词不定式作宾语:常见的动词有 want、decide、hope、plan 等,如 I want to go shopping.(我想去购物。)动词不定式作宾语时,有时用 it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语后置,如:I find it difficult to learn English well.(我发现学好英语很难。)

动名词作宾语:一些动词后需接动名词作宾语,如 enjoy(享受)、finish(完成)、mind(介意)、keep(继续)等,如 I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。)He finished writing the report.(他完成了报告的撰写。)Do you mind opening the window?(你介意打开窗户吗?)

Unit 8 English week

- 重点句型

- It is + adj. + to do sth.(做某事是……的)例如:It is important to learn English well.(学好英语很重要。)

- What do you think of...?(你认为……怎么样?)例如:What do you think of this movie?(你认为这部电影怎么样?)

- How do you like...?(你觉得……怎么样?)例如:How do you like the new teacher?(你觉得新老师怎么样?)

- 重点词组

- take part in(参加)

- have fun(玩得开心)

- learn about(了解)

- different kinds of(不同种类的)

- give a speech(发表演讲)

- at the same time(同时)

- in English(用英语)

- be interested in(对……感兴趣)

重点语法:

一般现在时:表示经常发生的动作、习惯、真理等。其构成是主语 + 动词原形(当主语是第三人称单数时,动词用第三人称单数形式,一般在动词词尾加 -s 或 -es)。例如:I usually get up at six o'clock.(我通常六点起床。)He goes to school by bike.(他骑自行车去上学。)其否定句借助 don't/doesn't,动词还原;疑问句将 do/does 提前。如:I don't like coffee.(我不喜欢咖啡。)Does she play football?(她踢足球吗?)

一般将来时:will + 动词原形,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 tomorrow、next week 等时间状语连用;be going to + 动词原形,表示计划、打算做某事或有迹象表明即将发生某事。例如:I will go to Beijing next week.(我下周将去北京。)It's going to rain.(快要下雨了。)其否定句在 will 或 be 后加 not,疑问句将 will 或 be 提前。如:I won't go to the party.(我不会去参加派对。)Are you going to visit your grandparents?(你打算去看望你的祖父母吗?)

例句(老师可以拿去出翻译题

Unit 1 Encyclopaedias

 重点词组

- listen to(听):I often listen to English podcasts to improve my listening skills.(我经常听英语播客来提高我的听力技能。)

- learn about(了解):We can learn about different cultures through reading books.(我们可以通过读书来了解不同的文化。)

- talk about(谈论):They are talking about their favorite movies.(他们正在谈论他们最喜欢的电影。)

- be born(出生):He was born in a small village.(他出生在一个小村庄。)

- in the countryside(在农村):My grandparents live in the countryside and enjoy a peaceful life.(我的祖父母住在农村,享受着宁静的生活。)

- for example(例如):There are many fruits I like, for example, apples and bananas.(我喜欢很多水果,例如苹果和香蕉。)

- die out(灭绝):Many wild animals are in danger of dying out because of habitat loss.(许多野生动物由于栖息地丧失而面临灭绝的危险。)

- at the end of(在……尽头):At the end of the street, there is a beautiful park.(在街道的尽头,有一个美丽的公园。)

- more than(超过):There are more than 50 students in our class.(我们班有超过50名学生。)

- used to(过去常常):She used to play the piano every day, but now she is too busy.(她过去每天弹钢琴,但现在她太忙了。)

- know about(知道;了解):Do you know about the latest news in the world?(你知道世界上的最新消息吗?)

- be famous for(因……而出名):Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.(杭州因西湖而出名。)

- one day(有一天):One day, I hope to travel around the world.(有一天,我希望能环游世界。)

- so much(如此多):Thank you so much for your help.(非常感谢你的帮助。)

- find out(查明;找出):I need to find out the truth of this matter.(我需要查明这件事的真相。)

- by the window(在窗户旁边):The cat likes to lie by the window and enjoy the sunshine.(猫喜欢躺在窗户旁边享受阳光。)

- be interested in(对……感兴趣):He is interested in science fiction novels.(他对科幻小说感兴趣。)

- next to(紧挨着):The supermarket is next to the bank.(超市紧挨着银行。)

- be sure(确定):Be sure to bring your ID card when you go out.(你出门时一定要带上身份证。)

- go for a walk(去散步):My parents often go for a walk after dinner.(我的父母经常晚饭后去散步。)

- do with(处理;处置):I don't know what to do with this old computer.(我不知道怎么处理这台旧电脑。)

- a number of(许多):A number of students participated in the volunteer activity.(许多学生参加了志愿者活动。)

- since then(从那时起):Since then, he has changed his attitude towards study.(从那时起,他改变了对学习的态度。)

- be made up of(由……组成):Our class is made up of 40 students.(我们班由40名学生组成。)

- connect...to(把……连接到):Please connect the printer to the computer.(请把打印机连接到电脑上。)

Unit 2 Numbers

- 重点词组

- in one's life(在某人一生中):He has achieved a lot in his life.(他在一生中取得了很多成就。)

- at the moment(此刻;现在):I'm busy at the moment. Can I call you back later?(我现在很忙。我可以稍后给你回电话吗?)

- look up(查阅;查找):If you don't know the word, you can look it up in the dictionary.(如果你不认识这个单词,你可以在字典里查阅它。)

- from then on(从那时起):From then on, she studied harder than before.(从那时起,她比以前更努力地学习。)

- make a mistake(犯错误):Everyone makes a mistake sometimes.(每个人有时都会犯错误。)

- in a hurry(匆忙地):He left in a hurry and forgot his keys.(他匆忙离开,忘记了他的钥匙。)

- be based on(以……为基础):This movie is based on a true story.(这部电影是基于一个真实的故事。)

- be used for(被用于……):This tool is used for cutting wood.(这个工具是被用于切割木头的。)

Unit 3 Computer

- 重点词组

- turn on/off(打开/关闭):Please turn on the light. It's too dark.(请打开灯。太暗了。)

- connect to(连接到):You need to connect the printer to the computer.(你需要把打印机连接到电脑上。)

- in addition(另外):In addition, we also need to prepare some pens.(另外,我们还需要准备一些笔。)

- consist of(由……组成):This team consists of five members.(这个团队由五名成员组成。)

- come into being(形成;产生):The universe came into being billions of years ago.(宇宙是数十亿年前形成的。)

- in the 1960s(在20世纪60年代):Many important inventions were made in the 1960s.(在20世纪60年代有许多重要的发明。)

- work as(担任;以……身份工作):He works as a teacher in a middle school.(他在一所中学担任教师。)

- be unaware of(没有意识到):She was unaware of the danger around her.(她没有意识到她周围的危险。)

- depend on(依靠;取决于):Your success depends on your hard work.(你的成功取决于你的努力工作。)

Unit 4 Inventions

- 重点词组

- since then(从那时起):Since then, he has been very interested in inventions.(从那时起,他就对发明非常感兴趣。)

- all one's life(一生;终生):He dedicated all his life to scientific research.(他一生都致力于科学研究。)

- lead to(导致;通向):Smoking can lead to many health problems.(吸烟会导致许多健康问题。)

- make a great difference(有很大影响):His words made a great difference to my decision.(他的话对我的决定有很大的影响。)

- have an effect on(对……有影响):The new policy has a positive effect on the economy.(新政策对经济有积极的影响。)

- work on(从事;致力于):He is working on a new project.(他正在从事一个新项目。)

- at the same time(同时):You can't do two things at the same time.(你不能同时做两件事。)

Unit 5 Educational exchanges

- 重点词组

- go on an educational exchange(进行教育交流):He went on an educational exchange to the UK last year.(他去年去英国进行教育交流。)

- be excited about(对……感到兴奋):The students are excited about the upcoming school trip.(学生们对即将到来的学校旅行感到兴奋。)

- make friends with(与……交朋友):I made friends with many foreign students during my trip.(我在旅行中与许多外国学生交了朋友。)

- take part in(参加):Many students take part in the sports meeting.(许多学生参加运动会。)

- learn about(了解):We can learn about different educational systems through exchanges.(我们可以通过交流了解不同的教育系统。)

- during the stay(在停留期间):During the stay in the foreign country, we visited many schools.(在国外停留期间,我们参观了许多学校。)

- at first(起初;开始):At first, I was a little nervous, but then I got used to it.(起初,我有点紧张,但后来我习惯了。)

- keep in touch with(与……保持联系):We still keep in touch with each other after we came back.(我们回来后仍然彼此保持联系。)

Unit 6 Ancient stories

- 重点词组

- in the beginning(起初;在开始的时候):In the beginning, I didn't understand the story.(起初,我不理解这个故事。)

- instead of(代替;而不是):I'll have tea instead of coffee.(我要喝茶而不是咖啡。)

- turn...into(把……变成):The magician can turn a flower into a bird.(魔术师可以把一朵花变成一只鸟。)

- get married(结婚):They got married last year and are very happy.(他们去年结婚了,现在很幸福。)

- fall in love with(爱上):He fell in love with her at first sight.(他第一眼就爱上了她。)

- be able to(能够):She is able to speak three languages.(她能够说三种语言。)

- come out(出版;出现):His new book came out last month.(他的新书上个月出版了。)

- all over the world(全世界):His name is known all over the world.(他的名字全世界都知道。)

Unit 7 Memory

- 重点词组

- look forward to(期待;盼望)例如:I look forward to seeing you.(我期待见到你。)

- pay attention to(注意)例如:Pay attention to your spelling.(注意你的拼写。)

- make a decision(做决定):It's time for you to make a decision.(是你做决定的时候了。)

- in the end(最后;终于):In the end, he found the answer to the question.(最后,他找到了问题的答案。)

- by heart(凭记忆):She can recite the poem by heart.(她能凭记忆背诵这首诗。)

- improve one's memory(提高某人的记忆力):There are many ways to improve your memory.(有许多方法可以提高你的记忆力。)

- connect...with...(把……与……联系起来):We should connect what we learn with real life.(我们应该把我们所学的与现实生活联系起来。)

Unit 8 English week

- 重点词组

- take part in(参加):Many students take part in the English speech contest.(许多学生参加英语演讲比赛。)

- have fun(玩得开心):We had a lot of fun at the party.(我们在派对上玩得很开心。)

- learn about(了解):We can learn about English culture during English week.(我们可以在英语周期间了解英国文化。)

- different kinds of(不同种类的):There are different kinds of English books in the library.(图书馆里有不同种类的英语书。)

- give a speech(发表演讲):He will give a speech about English learning methods.(他将发表一个关于英语学习方法的演讲。)

- at the same time(同时):We can improve our English and have fun at the same time.(我们可以同时提高我们的英语水平并玩得开心。)

- in English(用英语):Please write the composition in English.(请用英语写作文。)

- be interested in(对……感兴趣):She is interested in English novels.(她对英语小说感兴趣。)

祝您开心!

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