甲板部英语面试大全

船长的英语面试

1. What type of cargo was carried on board your last vessel?

Bulk cargo: cement, cement clicker, nickel, ore, iron, sand, phosphorus rock, potash in bulk, salt, grain, pet coke, coal etc. Urea fertilizer, lime.

General   cargo:   vehicle,   loader,   wagon,    heavy   lifts,   over-length   cargo,    mine   equipment,   steel construction material.

Other: log, plywood, container, and so on.

2. Where was your last vessel ’s trading area? Which ports have you called?

I have rich experience in calling the  ports in the  US, some developing countries and in the passage

through   the   Suez   Canal,    Panama   Canal,   and   Denver   Strait,   and    Denmark   Strait.         Nagoya;

Oita;Tobata;Osaka;mu;Dampier;Walcoot;Gladstone;Haypoint;Merkey;Hedland

Some useful expressions for trading areas:  全球航线 ocean-going, world widely, globally, worldwide; 固定航线 fixed route.

3. In case of cargo damage, for example, before the vessel arrives at the discharging port, you find the quality of the surface cargo has changed, how would you handle it?

I have to look into the reason and volume of the damage first, and then I ’ll contact the owner for instruction. In the event of small quantity of grain, I shall just throw it into the sea to avoid disputes. Or I will follow the owner ’s instruction to contact it ’s the P & I correspondent or local agent for their advice.

If necessary, I ’ll prepare a Sea Protest to claim that the ship owner and the crew have exercised their due diligence.

关于货损方面的处理程序，各个公司都有相关的操作和程序文件，上面只是一般的处理原则。

4. How do you understand the Master ’s overriding authority under emergency situations?

If the situation and time permit, the Master should always report to the company first before taken actions.  However,  when  the  ship  is  in  immediate  danger,  the  Master  shall  exercise  his  overriding authority  and take whatever  actions  necessary  in  dealing  with  an  emergency  situation  in  order  to protect  the  safety  of  the  seafarers,  the  cargo,  the  vessel,  the  port  and  the  environment  without considering too  much the  demands of the ship owner and the charterer.  Nevertheless, the  Master should report to the company in detail what has happened after the event.

5.Can you tell me about your experience as a Captain?

Hints: Your experience  may  include such things  as the duration you  have worked as a Captain, the

places or ports you have ever been to, the types of vessels you have ever served, the types of cargo you have ever experienced, the types of trip you have ever experienced, the management styles on the vessels, and so on.

Please also refer to chapter one for more detailed answers.

6.What is the Master ’s Standing Order?

It is basically the Master ’s own set of instructions and orders for the vessel ’s operation. The contents may include the watch-keeping duties for the officers, when to ask for order from the master, the port entry procedure, and how to deal with emergency situations like oil pollution, fire disaster, collision, grounding, as well as when to call the master to the bridge, and so on. For special vessels (tanker, LPG or car carriers, etc.) the standing orders may have some more contents.

The Standing Order is normally found on the first  pages of  Deck  Log  Book  and  in the  Bridge  Order

Book. Besides, some warnings shall be prominently[ˈ prɔminəntli]   显著地 posted on the bridge and read and signed by all duty officers.

7. How do you understand the importance of keeping good and harmonious relationship with the Chief Engineer and other Officers and Engineers?

Without  harmonious  relationship with the Chief  Engineer and the other officers and engineers, the Master cannot manage the ship well. But how can the Master achieve it?

First  of  all,  the   Master   must  have  close  contact  with  the  department  heads   because  the  daily management is delegated . [ ˈ deliɡit]  委托  to them although the Master himself is responsible for the overall safety and personnel management.

Secondly, the Master himself must know his job well and know when to do what and how. Thirdly, the Master should be very strict in himself in discipline and behavior.

Fourthly,  he should  be fair  in job  assignment,  pay  distribution  and  other  daily  management.  But  if someone  on  board  breaks  the  Master ’ s  order  or  the  rules  on  purpose,  the  Master  will  have  to penalize [ ˈ pi:nəlaiz]  惩罚 the offender and can consider firing him according to the procedure of the ship owner.

8.  How  is  a  passage/voyage  plan  made  on  board  ships? What  materials do you  need to  refer to when you make such plans?

Usually,  a  passage  plan  should  be  made  before  a  new  voyage  starts.  The  Master  should  give  the  Second Officer the sailing instructions and his intentions on the sailing routes and before the Second  Officer prepares the draft plan. Then the Master is supposed to check it very carefully. If something  wrong is found in the passage plan, the Master should ask the Second Officer to correct it immediately. If nothing is wrong about the draft, the plan shall be ratified and implemented.    

When the Second Officer is making the draft plan, the  Master should help  provide some important information sources for the Second Officer, such as the port entry guidance, the sailing directions, lists of  lights,  tidal  stream  tables,  deep  draught  vessel   planning  guide,  the   IMO  ship  route  guidance, government and port authority ’s regulations, pilot charts,  notice to mariner, weather information, and the voyage plan and so on.

The Master should ensure that the plan covers  “ berth to berth ” area in the passage.     And the Master should help the Second Officer to select the best sailing route that will save fuel and time, and avoid bad weather conditions.

9. Can you describe the preparation procedures before entering the US ports?

First, I must check all the certificates for the vessel and the seamen to make sure all the  necessary certificates  are  available  to  deal  with  the  customs  clearances,  the  sanitary  checks  and  other  port checks.  In  addition,  I  must  prepare  such  publications  as  currently  corrected  navigational  charts,  US

costal pilot guide, light list book, light list book, tide tables, US inland rules of navigation, and recent notice to mariners.

Forty-eight hours prior to entry to a US port, I shall conduct the following emergency steering drills and log them into the record books: operation of the main steering gear from steering compartment, communication between bridge and steering compartment, and alternative power supply. I shall also inform the Qualified Individual of my arrival.

Twenty-four hours before arrival in a US port, I shall notify the USCG of my ship ’s arrival.

Twelve hours prior to arrival in a US port, the following equipment shall be tested and recorded in the log book: primary and second steering gear, internal control communications and alarms, standing-by emergency generator, and main propulsion machinery.

Drills are also the priorities of my preparatory work. Usually, the port authority of the US pays special attention to the  drills. So  boat  drills,  fire-fighting  drills  and  other  drills  must  be  carried  out  before entering into any US port.

Sanitary  situation  of  my  ship  is  another  consideration.  Proper  disposal  of  garbage  on  cy  ship  and anti-pollution devices examination are very important.

All in all, much more care should be taken before entry into any US port than in the ports in other countries.

10. Why should the Master always be aware of the actions being taken by the pilot?

Well, it ’s because the presence of the pilot on the bridge does not relieve the Master from taking any     measures necessary to assure the safety of the ship and marine environment. If he finds that the pilot ’ s orders are doubtful, the Master has to clarify the orders immediately. When necessary, the Master     shall command the ship ’s navigation himself.

引航员在船引航时并没有解除船长和船员对于船舶安全的责任是 ISM 体系特别强调的一点，船长 应该熟知并让每位船员熟知。

11. What should the Master do if the figures of the loaded quantity are abnormally different from those on the bills of lading?

The  Master  should  report the  case to the ship owner as soon as  possible. At the discretion of the company,  the  Master  should  prepare  and  send  a  Latter  of  Protect  to  the  notary  surveyor  or terminal/port authority under the instruction of the ship owner. In such case, the Master should also require further measurements and calculations and calculations to be made.

12. What contents are shown on the Bill of Lading if the ship is loaded with bulk cargo?

Usually, the following items are shown on the Bill of Lading (B/ L): measure, quality, quantity, condition, contents and valve unknown etc.. Different companies may have different formats for their respective  B/ L.  A  B/ L  consists  of  three  original  copies  that  have  the  same   legal  validity.  The  first  copy  the  consignee shows will deny the validity of the validity of the other two copies.    

13. Do you know the insurance coverage provided by a P & I Club?

A P&I Club is a non-profit association of ship owners that provides mutual insurance against maritime risks. It covers the risks that are not covered by the Hull Insurer, such as personnel illness and injury, cargo  damage,  collision  with  another  vessel,  stowaways  and  refugees,  damage  to  fixed  or  floating objects, pollution and so on.

14.  How  do  you  maintain  the  minimum  under  keel  clearance  (MUKC)  when  the  vessel  is  during passage, in fairways and inside ports?

During the passage, the MUKC should be at least more than 20% of load draft; in fairway, 10% of load draft; inside the ports, 10% of load draft, or as regulated by port authority.

富余水深的多少因不同的船、不同的港口、不同的航区的规定而异，但是，为了确保航行安全，

船长应在心中有大致数字。

15.  Can  you  describe  the  garbage  disposal  procedures  on  board  your  last  vessel?  How  did  you classify the garbage on board?

Four steps should be followed: collection, processing (separation), storage, and disposal. The garbage can be divided into three kinds

垃圾的处理涉及到防污染问题。各个公司的 ISM 手册对于垃圾的处理都规定了非常严格的程序。垃圾当然也有明确的分类，如有的公司要求把垃圾分成三类、有的分成四类、有的分成六类等。船东主要看备选船员在防污染方面是否重视。因为一旦给某些港口造成污染，船东是会受到重罚 的。

16.  What are sensitive cargoes as defined by the P & I Club?

The  cargoes  that  are  particularly  susceptible  to  moisture  for  sensitive  cargoes.  Special  attention  is required  for  sensitive  cargoes.  The   P&I   Club  defines  the  following   cargoes  as  sensitive  cargoes: cement , grain, and sugar and so on.

17.  What preparations should you make before entry into a port?

(1)To  gather  the  necessary  information  on  the  state  and  destination  port  authority  requirements related to pilotage, berthing, customs clearance and port quarantine inspection, etc.

(2) To make sure of an orderly slow-down of the main engine, and ask the duty officer to give ETA and the time the ship is expected to be on maneuvering speed to the duty engineer.

(3) The  main engine  is to  be tested  in the  astern  mode and the  Master should  know that  in some countries  (e.g.,  in  US),  before  entry  into  port,  entire  test  of  the  navigational  equipment  and  main engine is required.

(4) To ask the duty officers to ensure that the right flags, signals, or lights are shown.

(5) To facilitate the machinery maintenance, the Master should give the C/ E an indication of ETB and ETD immediately after the arrival at an anchorage or berth.

18. When your ship is involved in an oil pollution incident, whom do you report it to?

According to the ISM Code and MARPOL, the incident should be immediately reported to the nearest coastal State, and the ship owner without any delay. A  report should also be submitted to the flag state.

18.  Do you allow cargo discharge without being shown the B/L?

Definitely no. The  B/ L is the legal evidence of the cargo ’s owner ship.  However, the cargo can  be discharged if the consignee shows a Letter of Indemnity approved by the ship owner confirming the authenticity of the documents.    

19.  How do you understand shipboard training?

It  is  a  very  important  thing  on  board.  Routine  training  on  safety  of  the  vessel, the  cargo,  and the seamen should be carried out periodically. Training to new joiners is also important. They should be briefed on  emergency  procedures,  anti-pollution,  safety equipment familiarization,  ship  operational training and working kills.

21. What are the three grades of bulk carriers according to their size?

Generally, they are classified into three types: Handy size, Panamax size and Cape size. The Handy size bulker is less than 60,000 tons in deadweight tonnage. The Panamax size bulker is between 60,000 to 70,000 tons, usually carrying  usual cargoes such as coal,  Bauxite ( 铝土矿 ),  Borax ( 硼砂 ), Cement, Grain, Tapioka, Copra (椰子肉) ，pellet, Lime Stone and so on. The Cape size is more than 80.000 in

deadweight tonnage, and 106 feet in breadth, and the cargo usually carried by this type of a bulker are iron ore, pellet, and Coal.

22. If the ship is sailing in the heavy weather conditions, what should the Master pay attention to?

If the vessel is navigating in heavy weather, the Master should pay attention to the following

(1)  Adopt  measures  to  prevent  slamming  and  pounding  of  the  ship,  considering  the  frequency  of encounters with swells and change speed or course, if necessary

(2)The watch keeping officer shall change over to parallel operation of the steering gear, if possible

(3) If possible, change the auto pilot to  “rough sea mode ” or change over to manual mode

(4)The Master shall frequently check the weather and sea conditions, observe closely future changes and judge if there is a problem with the present sailing course and speed

(5) Report the weather conditions to the nearest port authority and the ships in the vicinity of the bad weather area and ask them to be careful on the warning

(6) The master shall check the abnormalities whenever he thinks it possible to make the ship in good condition.

23. After the heavy weather is over, what checks should be made?

After the heavy weather, the following should be checked:

The hull, the deck machinery and pipes, hatch covers, the cargoes in the holds, and the sounding of all tanks. If something wrong is found, the Master should report is to the company as soon as possible. Of course, the Master should solve some small problems with the crew.

24.  If the stevedores damage the crane or derrick on board, what should you do?

Usually, I shall report the damage to the charterers and/or owners immediately. In the  meantime, I shall  prepare  the  Stevedore  Damage  Report  and  get  it  signed  by  the  foreman  or  the  stevedoring company. If they refuse to sign the Report or repair the damage, I shall send a Letter of Protest to all parties concerned. Anyway, I shall not leave the port until the damage is settled properly.

25. What elements or factors should you consider when anchoring in deep water?

Anchoring in deep water means dropping anchors in water more than 50 meters deep.

Before going to an anchorage, I must make sure that the windlass and brake are in good order. I will study the weather conditions, sea and local current, tides, water depth, bottom condition etc. I also need to find good holding ground and enough room for swing.

Before anchoring, I need to (1) discuss with the Chief Officer the anchoring procedure, including which anchor and how many shackles to be used. (2) make sure of the water depth and ship ’s position.

During anchoring, I will have to (1)  Make sure the ship has come to a complete stop. (2)  Lower the anchor  into  water  until  it  touches  the  ground.  (3)  Disengage  and  slack  the  chain  cable  until  the expected length is paid out. I will use the main engine movement to stretch the cable only but have to make sure not to use excessive weight.    

船东很关心的问题。主要看船长是否掌握这方面的经验。

26.What are the minimum rest hours every day for a seaman on board?

According to the STCW 78/95, the minimum rest hour for a seaman is 10 hours every 24 hours.

27.  When  navigating  in  restricted visibility or heavy traffic or in a close quarter, as the Master or duty  officer,  which  ship  do  you  think  should  reduce  speed,  or  stop  engine  to  avoid  danger  of collision?

According to COLREG 1972. Both ships should reduce speed if they think necessary. And anti-collision actions should be taken as early as possible. When navigating in restricted visibility, the Master must navigate the ship with safe speed and great caution.

船长和驾驶员应该能够用简单的英语表述出常用的避碰规则。

  28.  How do you handle the cargo damage caused by the stevedores?

First I will check the seriousness of the damage. Second, I will discuss with the foreman responsible for the damage. Third, I will inform the tallyman and agent to replace the damaged cargo or make proper remarks on the cargo documents. Fourth, I will prepare a damage report as per the company SMS and advise the owner  if a damage survey is  needed.  Fifth,  I will ensure all evidence  is in good order to protect the interests of the ship owner and its crew. Lastly, I will ensure the roper logbook entry.

29.  If  you  are  to   prepare  you  for  safety   equipment   survey,  what   items   should  you  check beforehand?

I shall check relevant certificates, lifeboat and other safety equipment, pyrotechnics (烟火报警工具), emergency fire pumps, fire hose, box and hydrant(消防栓) as well as other fire fighting and life saving appliances.

30.  Why  is  stability  important  in  loading  s  ship?  What  are  the  factors  to  be  considered  before loading to ensure stability of the ship after being loaded?

To achieve stability of the ship, I must ensure loading in compliance with safety requirement, existing rules,  and  relevant  regulations,  the  safety  of  life  at  sea,  protection  of  property  and  environment. Beside, I should also ensure proper towage and proper weight distribution.

31.  In your opinion, what abilities should a Master possess?

A Master should be knowledgeable on the type of vessel he is running. He should be experienced on trade, navigation, cargo caring. He should have a good understanding of the international convention and regulations. He should, also have good crew management and crisis management skills. Lastly, he should set up an example in good leadership.

32.  What are the functions of a B/L? What ’s a clean B/L and what is an unclean B/L?

A  B/ L  has three very  important functions.  It  constitutes  evidence  of the terms  of the terms  of the contract of carriage    – a  promise to carry and deliver the cargo. It constitutes the apparent order, condition,  and  quantity  or weight  of goods  at the time  of shipment.  It  is  also  a  document  of  title (property) of the cargo.

A clean B/ L is one on which there is not any remark of cargo loss, shortage or damage. An unclean B/ L is also called claused B/ L, which carries some remarks of cargo damage, quantity shortage and so on.

33.  What is back dated or anti-dated B/L? What is advanced B/L?

A bark-dated Bill of Lading is a one whose issuing date is earlier than the virtual loading completion date. An advanced B/ L means a B/ L that is signed and issued by the carrier before the completion of loading. Both backdated and advanced B/ Ls will bring some dangers and liabilities to the shipowner and charterer. The master should be very cautious about these two types of B/ 大副的英语面试

大副是甲板上仅次于船长的“第二把手”。大副的好坏直接关系到船舶、货物和人身安全。经 验表明，船东在面试大副时也是相当严格和认真的。主要集中在货物的配载、装卸货、货物的保 管、货物单据、管理能力、协调能力等方面。而对于特种船来说，对有关货物装卸货的有关规定 等也要熟知。此外，有关 ISM/SMS 及其他公约、PSC 检查以及船东内外审时的提问也是一个非常 重要的部分。

下面整理了一部分面试试题，供参考。我们建议，大副不但要准备下面的一些问题，也应该看看 有关船长及二副和三副的有关问题，这样才能达到融会贯通的目的。

1.Can you tell me about your educational background and working experience? A reference answer:

I graduated from Jimei Navigation College in 1992. I studied there for three years. I have worked as a

seamen on eight ships for nearly ten years. I have the experience of Chief Officer for two ships. I have worked both Chinese and foreign shipowners in the past ten years.

2.Can you tell me the responsibilities of the Chief Officer?

Under the leadership of the Master, the Chief Officer shall carry out the daily management of the deck department, and he is also responsible for cargo handling. The specific duties include:

(1)watch-keeping from 0400-0800 hours and 1600-2000 hours;

(2)safety of the ship and work place, safety equipment;

(3)daily safety and sanitary inspection;

(4)store and spare parts inventory management;

(5)maintenance on deck;

(6)stowage plan making;

(7)supervision of the loading and unloading process;

(8)cargo caring on board;

(9)some other work and duties designated by the master of the vessel.

3.Can you talk about the previous vessels (last vessel) you worked on board?

It was an ocean-going ship, but it mainly loaded cargoes in Asia and discharged in Europe.

It was an old ship about 14 years old. But the general condition of the ship was quite good because we did very good maintenance work ob board.

4.What types of cargoes have ever been carried on board your last vessel?

I  have  worked  on  bulk  carriers  and  general  cargo  vessels  and  I  have  experienced  a  lot  of  cargo handling.

这是一个很重要的问题，因为大副的一个很重要职务便是货物管理。大副应该对不同货物的 装卸、配载、保管、单据、保险等相关问题有所了解。

5.Where was your last vessel's trading (plying, sailing) area?

It was an ocean-going ship,  but it  mainly loaded cargoes in Asia and discharged in  Europe. She has ever been to New Orleans, Long Beach, New York, Rotterdam, Hamburg and so on.

6.Did you have the experience of working with foreign crews? What were their nationalities?

The last two vessels I worked on had crew from several countries. The masters were from Indian, the Chief  Engineers  were  from  Hong  Kong  and  Philippine  and  other  seamen  were  from  China,  Indian Burma and Vietnam.

7.Can you tell me how to make a stowage plan?

Based on the capacity of the hold, the stowage factors, types of cargo, loading and discharging ports rotation, I shall calculate the volume of the cargo that is to be loaded into different holds. Then I shall calculate   the   draft   of   the   vessel   and   trimming,   shear   force,   bending   moment   to   meet   the requirements of the ship. At last, stowage plan is made based on these factors.

8.What does a stowage factor of mean?

A stowage factor of any cargo is the figure that expresses the number of cubic units of    

measure needed to accommodate one unit of weight- how many cubic meters is needed to stow one metric ton of certain goods. Stowage factors should include allowance for dunnage ， irregular size of certain goods, pallets and something else. Even the most carefully determined

stowage factor is not absolute and it should be used only as a guide while planning cargo disposition.

9.If there  happens  stevedore  damage  to  cargo,  equipment  or  ship'  s  structure  in  the  loading  or discharging ports, what should you do?

If damage  happens,  I  must  record  it  first  and  then  report  it  in  an  appropriate  written  form  to  the master and other parties concerned. The report must be signed by the liable parties admitting they

have (or  have not)  responsibility for the damage. The damage report shall be carefully worded and shall be supported with photos and other evidence, if any. The damage report should also include the following contents: ship’s name, voyage number, date, geographical location, name of the person who took the photos and his signature, location where the photo was taken, and what is intended to show.

10.What precautions do you have to take before cargo operation is carried out?

I shall check the pre-cargo operation check lists to make sure that no item is missing. The following procedures are to be adopted:

(1)the  Chief  Officer  shall  make  a  cargo  operation  plan,  in  which   the  following  factors  shall   be considered: the cargo must be stowed in such way that the stability, trim, shearing forces and bending moments are within the limits as laid down  by the stability manual; excessive weight on tank tops, tween decks and hatch covers must be avoided; and cargo must be stowed and secured in such way as to avoid damage- which can result in possible loss of life or property.

(2)Pre-operation conference with all ship's personnel to be involved in the cargo operation should be held to discuss such  matters  as  cargo disposition,  numbers  of gangs and working  hours,  usual  and special safety requirements, ballasting and de-ballasting information, special requirements regarding cargo operation, damage prevention and control, personnel organization, cargo watch etc. The Chief Officer must ensure that all relevant personnel have fully understood the intended cargo and all usual and special safety and operational requirements.

11.What will you do if cargo damage is found or suspected before loading or during loading?

I  shall  report  to  the  master  first  and  foremost.  The  master  should  decide  whether  to  replace  the damaged cargo. For the full-set machines and high-valued products I must ask for the replacement in the loading port if damages are found. If the damaged cargoes cannot be  replaced, the Chief  Mate shall make remarks on the Mate’s Receipt.

If disputes happen on the quantity and quality of the cargoes, I shall, at the discretion of the master, ask the cargo surveyor to do the survey. If necessary, under the endorsement of the ship owner, I shall write a Letter of Protest (based on the format provided by the company) to prove the innocence of the seamen on board.

During the voyage, if a very small amount of cargo is damaged, with the permission of the master, I shall throw it away into the sea to avoid any disputes with any third party.

12.What are the differences between the Bill of Lading and the Mate's Receipt?

A  Tally  Sheet  is  the  basis  of  the  Mate’s  Receipt.  The  Mate’s  Receipt  is  the  basis  of  the  B/ L.  The condition of the cargo is clearly shown on the Mate’s Receipt. It is very important to make sure that the cargo condition on the bill of lading is the same as that on the Mate’s Receipt.

The Mate’s Receipt is the legal evidence of the cargo received and the B/ L is the legal evidence of the cargo ownership. If the consigner wants the master to issue a clean B/ L on the basis of unclean Mate’s Receipt, the  master  firstly  must  ask  for  permission  from  the  company.  K  the  company  agrees,  the consigner must issue reliable Letter of Indemnity or Letter of Guarantee.    

13.If the draft survey proves a shortage of cargo after loading is completed, what will you do apart from reporting to the Master? Will you make any remarks on the Mate's Receipt?

In this case, I shall report the problem to the master first. With the permission of the master, I shall ask the third party surveyor to do the survey. K the survey shows there is shortage or damage of the cargo, I shall write remarks on the Mate’s Receipt showing the loss or damage or shortage.

The third party is to be invited to make the objective report on the real quantity of the volume of the cargo. K the cargo is proved to be in shortage, I shall write remarks on the Mate’s Receipt.

14.What do you know about the ISM code and SMS? How many chapters are there in the ISM Code

(as amended)? What are these chapters?

The ISM code is the International Safety Management Code. The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention. The objectives of the Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the environment, in particular to the marine environment and to property.

The  16  chapters  of  ISM  Code  are:  general,   safety  and  environment  protection  policy,  company responsibilities and authority, designated person (s) , master's responsibilities and authority, resources and personnel, development of plans for shipboard operation, emergency preparedness, reports and analysis  of  non-conformity,  accidents  and   hazardous  occurrences  ,   maintenance  of  the  ship  and equipment, documentation,company verification, review and evaluation, certification and verifications and  control,  certification  and  periodical  verification, verification,  interim  certification,  and forms  of certificates. The last four chapters are newly added in the new version of ISM Code.

SMS means safety management system, and this system is mad based on the 16 elements of ISM Code, which is a compulsory part SOLAS74. The shipowner or manager cannot get Document of Compliance  (DOC) and SMC without audited Safety Management Certificate (SMC) by Class designated by the flag  registry  country  administration.  Every  company  should  develop,  implement  and  maintain  a  safety  management system (SMS).

15.What do Observation, Non-conformity and Major non-conformity mean respectively?

Observation means a statement of fact made during a safety management audit and substantiated by objective evidence. Non-conformity means an observed situation where objective evidence indicates the non-fulfillment of a specified requirement. Major non-conformity means an identifiable deviation that poses a serious threat to the safety of personnel or the ship or a serious risk to the environment that   requires   immediate   corrective   action   and   includes   the    lack   of   effective   and   systematic 

以上内容不一定要非常准确详细地背诵，但至少要知道大致的内容，尤其要知道，ISM 规则是变 化的、开放的国际公约，其内容经过修改和增加。此外，随着 ISM 规则的改变，各船东和管理公 司对 SMS 也要进行相应的修改和补充。

16.Have you experienced any on-board internal audit before?

The onboard  internal  audit  is  carried  out  at the  discretion  of the  Designated  Person  of  the owner. When the auditors come on  board, the seamen should give full support to them.  If observation or non-conformity items are found in the audit, these items should  be treated with due diligence and rectified on time.    

As the Chief Officer, I should be very familiar with the operation and calibration of the gas detector and the loading computer.

17.What is Garbage Management Plan?

The  MARPOL 73/78  requires that a  Garbage  Management  Plan  should  be developed  in accordance with  the  IMO  guidelines  on  board  almost  all  ships.  The  Plan  includes  the  procedures  for  garbage collection,  separation,  processing  and  disposal,  as  well  as  the  management  and  requirements  of garbage processing equipment, implementation of the  Plan and crew responsibilities. All  processing work should be recorded in the Garbage Record Book.

18.How do you carry out the deck machinery maintenance?

On  board  the  last  vessel,  I  often  ordered  my  Bosun  to  organize  the  deck  crew  to  maintain  such equipment as windlass, steering engine, derrick, crane, wires, meters and winch.

Chipping  and  greasing  are  also  among  their  daily  routines  as  per  the  PMS  (Planned  Maintenance     

System). All maintenance plans for the machines in the deck department shall be made by the Chief Officer.

19.As the Chief Officer, what precautions do you have to take to prepare for the PSC inspection?

The  Chief  Officer  should  arrange  for  the  checks  of  the  following  items:  LSA  and  FFE  equipment, garbage  disposal   records,  gangway  safety,   ballasting  system,  sanitary   condition,  especially   in  the accommodation area, the galley,  provisions stores, cargo operation  safety and  documents.  Besides, the Chief Officer should follow the Master's instructions in organizing the emergency drills.

20.What precautions do you have to take before entering an enclosed space?

I shall nominate the standby personnel and prepare the ventilation, breathing tool, connecting signals, oxygen, air and poisonous gases testing equipment, and other necessary equipment according to the checklist. I shall then get the Master's signature on the checklist.

21.What checks do you have make before any hot work is permitted?

I must make sure of the following:

There is no gas leakage on cargo deck or pump room area;

The  nearby  places  shall  be  free  of  inflammable  materials  or  gases  and  portable  extinguishers  are available;

The  area  where  the  hot  work  is  done  is  not  piled  with  solvents  of  any  kind,  including  diesel  oil, kerosene, paint, cleaners and thinners;

Gas testing is also important to make sure no flammable or toxic gas is present at the work site and that the oxygen content is 21% by volume;

Ventilation condition should also be checked before any hot work is done;

The Master's approval must be obtained under all circumstances. While in port, you must also get the port authority approval.

22.On board your previous vessels, how often did you conduct a fire-fighting drill?

I carried out a fire fighting drill at least once every month.

23.What are the Chief Officer's responsibilities with regards to cargo operation?

The Chief Officer is in charge of safe handling of all cargo operation. He must submit all cargo plans to the  master  for  approval  and  discuss  any  critical  stage  of  cargo  operation  with  the   Master.  He  is responsible for  making cargo  records, time sheets,  port  logs  and  other  paperwork  related  to cargo operation.  He  must  also  prepare  cargo  operation  order  and  get  all  duty  officers  to  read  and understand it.

24.What are the Chief Officer's responsibilities with regard to deck maintenance?

The Chief Officer should prepare the deck maintenance schedule -both the long-term and short-term ones - and discuss the schedule with the  Master. He is in charge of the deck department personnel and should oversee their maintenance work. He should also write the monthly maintenance report.    

25.When the charted depth of anchorage is 40 meters, usually how do you drop the anchor?

Before dropping the anchor, I should make sure that the windlass and the brakes are in good condition and there is good holding ground. I should also study the water depth, weather and sea conditions and take into account the duration of the anchorage action.

During the anchoring, I should lower the anchor until it touches ground, then disengage and slag the chain cable until the length is paid out. Main engine should be used to stretch the cable. I should not use excessive weight for the cable.

The length of the cable must be decided by the master in advance. No matter how deep the water is, at least two shackles should remain on board.

26.If water depth is more than 80 meters, is it possible for you to drop the anchor?

Except in an extreme emergency situation, dropping anchor in this depth of water is very dangerous. So, if the anchor has to be dropped, the geographical condition (sea bed and adjacent area), weather condition must be carefully studied before hand. If possible, you should have a discussion or meeting with relevant crew before the work is done.

27.How do you keep proper ventilation during the voyage?

Your ship  is  loaded  with  steel coil at Constantsa  in  December  and the  cargo  is to  be  discharged  in Singapore.

In order to prevent rust formation on the surface of the cargo, I must make sure the temperature in holds is higher than the dew point at any times. Ventilation is to be made on the condition of dew point and try to lower the dew point.

Under  the  above  situation,  no  ventilation  is  needed  because  the  ship  sails  from  a  cold  place (Constantsa) to a hot place (Singapore).

28.How  do  you  maintain  the   minimum  under  keel  clearance   (UKC)  when  the  vessel  during passage/in fairways/inside ports?

In different places, the UKC may vary a little bit. Normally, the UKC should be 20% of the load draft during  passage,  10%  of  the  load  draft  in  fairways,  and  10%  of  the  load  draft  inside  the  port.  The reference data are subject to the regulations of the port authority. · 70 ·

29.In case of cargo damage (for example,  before the vessel arrives at the discharging  port, when opening the hatch, you find me quality of the surface cargo has changed, how would you handle it?

Well,  I  have  to  know  the  quantity  of  the  cargo whose  quality  has  changed.  K  the  cargo  is  a  small quantity, I shall dispose it myself. If it is a large quantity, I shall ask for decision from the Master.

30.What are sensitive cargoes as defined by the P & I Club?

The cargoes that are particularly susceptible to moisture and damage are called sensitive cargoes. For the sensitive cargoes, special attention shall be required. The P&I Club defines the following cargoes as sensitive cargoes: cement, grain, and sugar.

31.How do you judge whether the cargo holds are fitted for loading?

According to the  requirements  of the voyage  instructions  or  the charter  party,  I  shall  first  see  if  it meets the Charterer’s demands. Then I will make my own judgment. If the holds are not suitable for loading any type of cargo, I shall report this to the master and ask him to decide on this.

32.Can you please briefly explain the general requirements for grain cargo carriage?

(1)Hold Preparation

The hold should be very clean and free from scale and odor. All bilges should be clean and dry. The tank top should be clean, stainless and dry. The front and rear sides of the brackets and beams, piping etc. should be completely washed and clear of all residues and dust from the previous cargo. And if the ship carried grain in the previous voyages and insects are found in the hold, the holds should be fumigated with insecticide.    

(2)Ventilation

Grain can self  heat, condense and absorb  moisture. Without good ventilation, the  cargo can easily deteriorate. In case of bulk grain, air is to be blown to the surface of the grain continuously on a daily basis  in  order  to  remove  the  air from the  cargo. The temperature  of the  cargo  shall  be  tested  by thermometer on a daily basis and be recorded in the logbook.

(3)For detailed answer,  please  refer to the  IMO  Grain  Rule.  (IMO  Resolution  A.  714  CODE  OF  SAFE PRACTICE FOR CARGO STOWAGE AND SECURING.)

33.How to conduct ventilation for hygroscopic cargo from warm to cold area voyage, and from cold

to warm voyage? How about the non-hygroscopic cargo?

In case of carrying hygroscopic cargoes from a warm place to a cold place, ventilation is very critical. It should be as strong as possible in the beginning so that eventually the outside

dew  point  will  be  too  low. This  is  a  very  difficult  voyage situation  in  which to  arrange  satisfactory ventilation. From cold to warm voyage, the ventilation is not necessary.

In  case  of  carrying  non-hygroscopic  cargoes  from  a  cold  place  to  a  warm  place,  no  ventilation  is needed, and cargo sweat would occur on the surface of the stow if relatively warmer moisture laden air was admitted. From the warm to the cold voyage, no ventilation is needed because ship sweat is inevitable but cargo will be unaffected unless condensation drips back on the stow.

34.How to prevent cargo from being damaged by rain or sea-water?

Before the voyage, I will check the hatch cover to see if it is properly closed that tight water condition is in good order. To make sure suction boxes and manholes are properly closed; to check the bulkhead of adjacent ballast tank.

35.What preparations should you make before the pilot comes on board?

Preparations should be made in the following steps:

First, the duty officer is to contact the pilot station to confirm the availability the pilot;

Second, the Master is to contact the coming pilot and discuss with him the vessel's heading position and speed at the time of his boarding;

Third, the duty officer should supervise the embarkation and disembarkation of the pilot to ensure his identity and safety;

Fourth, the pilot ladder must meet the standards of the US Coast Guard and the BMO; Fifth, the deck

crew is to prepare the ladder well and hoist the G flag;

Last, when the pilot is on board, H flag should be hoisted.

36.When you pass through the Panama Canal, what should you pay attention to? Why?

The turn of bilge radius should be made known to the pilot. According to the regulations, the turn of bilge  radius  of  the  vessel  cannot  be  over  12.04  meters  in  the  fresh  water  area.  No  bilge  water  is allowed to be pumped.

As a precaution, we should check with the MR Notice and apply for correction if on time. We should also prepare for the safety inspections by the boarding officers.

Seven days before the ship’s estimated time of passing by the Canal, we should report to the Canal authority on the vessel condition.

37.What materials and information do you need when you make the passage plan?

The passage plan shall contain all the charts required and shall locate all the information concerning the  intended  area.  The  information  needed  for  the  passage  plan  shall  be  found  from  the  Sailing Direction,  List  of  Lights,  Tide  Tables,  Tidal  Stream  Table,  Guide  to   Port   Entry,  Deep   Draft  Vessel Planning Guide, The IMO Ship Route Guide, Guide to Tanker Port, various ports' information booklets, government and  port  regulations,  Navigational Warnings,  pilot Charts,  Notice to  Mariners, Weather Information, and so on.    

38.Do you often change the ballast water? What should you pay attention to when changing the ballast water?

Yes. The ballast water change is required by most port authorities in the world.

Ballasting  and  de-ballasting  on  time   is  very   important  to   keep  the  stress  of  the  vessel   in  good condition. Under heavy weather conditions, it is necessary to test the ballasting and bilge water more often to make sure of the stability of the vessel.

39.What should you pay attention to when the vessel is loaded with coal?

Trimming is very important to make sure that the cargo is evenly loaded. Since coal is liable to get fire, you have to make sure that the deck is free from any source of fire.

Fire-fighting equipment should  be  available at any time. Air  in the  cargo space should  be  regularly checked. Bilge water should be tested systematically to see whether there is any water leakage.

Ventilation  is  not  allowed  during the voyage.  Reasonable  ventilation  is to  be  carried  out when the cargo temperature is above 55 degrees Centigrade or the methane concentration is abnormal.

Also, you  have to  measure  the  cargo temperature at  least  once  every  day.  If the temperature  and methane are abnormal, I will report to the owner for instruction.

40.What are the functions of a B/L? What is a clean B/L and what is an unclean B/L?

A  B/ L  has  three  very  important  functions.  It  constitutes  evidence  of  the  terms  of  the  contract  of

carriage - a promise to carry and deliver the cargo. It constitutes the apparent order, condition, and quantity or weight of goods at the time of shipment. It is also a document of tide (property) of the cargo.

A clean B/ L is one on which there is not any remark of cargo loss, shortage or damage. An unclean B/ L is also called claused B/ L, which carries some remarks of cargo damage, quantity shortage and so on.

41.What is back dated or anti-dated B/L? What is advanced B/L?

A back dated B/ L is a B/ L whose issuing date is earlier than the virtual loading completion date. An advanced B/ L means a B/ L that is signed and issued by the carrier before the completion of loading. Both  backdated  and  advanced  B/ Ls  will  bring  some  dangers  and  liabilities  to  the  shipowner  and charterer.

42.What anti-stowaway precautions should you take before the vessel sails from a port?

Before departure from any port, stowaway search has to be carried out. The following spaces shall be searched thoroughly: void space, chain  lockers, funnel, and other  places  where the  stowaways can hide themselves.

If  stowaways  are  discovered  before  the  ship  sails,  arrangement  has  to  be  made  for  his  immediate disembarkation.  Records  have  to  be  made  in  the  Ship's  Logs  and  the  company  should  be  notified. Necessary steps should be taken to prevent any further reoccurrence.

43.Who should not be allowed to have the shore leave at the same time?

In view of the jobs on board, the following positions and ranks can not be allowed to have shore leave at the same time: the Master and the Chief Officer; the Chief Engineer and First Engineer; the Chief Engineer and Electrician; the Bosun and Pumpman (in tankers) ; the Chief Cook and Second Cook (or mess boy); The Chief Officer and Pumpman (in tankers).

Any crew who wants to have shore leave must check with the department head for permission and return to the vessel on time.

44.What is me maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) rate on board?    

According to the  STCW95, the  BAC  shall  not  be  more  than  0.08%  by  weight  any  time when  being tested,  but  the  CFR  (Code  of  Federal  Regulations)  requires  the  BAC  to  be  no  more  than  0.04%  . Watch-keepers are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours before their watch.

45.What hand of garbage cannot be thrown into incinerator?

The following garbage can not be thrown into the incinerator:

·Any containers that once contained gases under pressure, or aerosol cans; ·The materials that may produce harmful gases or ashes;

·The materials that may produce high temperature and prolonged incineration of such materials that may cause damage to the incinerator.

46.What should a Muster List include? What kind of Muster Lists did you have on the last vessel?

A Muster List should include the following points:

(1)Details of emergency alarm signal;

How ship-abandon order According to the STCW95, the BAG shall not be more than 0.08% by weight any time when  being tested,  but the  CFR  (Code  of  Federal  Regulations)  requires the  BAG  to  be  no more than 0.04% . Watch-keepers are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours before their watch.

(2)will be given;

(3 ) Substitutes for the key personnel who may become disabled;

(4)The boat to which each person belongs and duties to be performed in an abandon ship situation;

(5)The specific group to which a person belongs and general duties during various emergencies;

(6)Any additional or specific duties;

(7)Specific assembly point of each group. The Muster Lists must be ready before a ship sails. We had the following Muster lists on board the last vessel: General emergency, fire fighting, fire in the engine, emergency steering, abandon-ship, man overboard, oil pollution prevention station.

47.What is  heavy weather condition?  Under  heavy weather conditions, what preparations should you make before sailing?

I think heavy weather means weather conditions of wind force of 8 or above on the Beaufort scale and wave height of greater than 5 meters.

During heavy weather conditions, the following preparations should be made: (1)If possible, select a route that can avoid the heavy weather area;

(2)Inform the crew of the predicted heavy weather and issue a warning. Make sure that the warning is known to all crew on board;

(3)Check  the  hull  strength  based  on  stowage  calculations,  cargo  loading  and  stability  documents. Ballast the ship to increase the draught and take action to prevent propeller racing, reduce oscillations and slamming of the ship if the ship is in ballasting condition;

(4)Make sure the following holes are closed: hatches, cargo hold, bosun's store, manhole; accesses to accommodation spaces and steering gear room; tank air pipes, sounding caps; all water-tight doors and water-tight openings on the ship;

(5)Ensure that measures are taken to prevent movement of cargo and other objects on various parts of the ship;

(6)Ensure that cargo gears such as derricks, cranes and life boat are securely lashed;

(7)Ensure that the conditions of the stowage of anchors and anchor chains are checked;

(8)Keep critical checklists on the bridge for reference.

48.Under heavy weather conditions, what preparations should you make before sailing?

If navigating in heavy weather, the following should be paid attention to:

Adopt  measures  to   prevent  slamming  and   pounding  of  the   ship,  considering  the  frequency   of encounters with swells and change speed or course if necessary?    

a)The watch keeping officer shall change over to parallel operation of the steering gear, if possible;

b)If possible, change the auto pilot to 'rough sea mode' or change over to manual mode;

c)Master shall frequently check the weather and sea conditions, observe future changes and judge if there is a problem with the present course and speed;

d)Report the weather to the nearest port authority or the ships in the vicinity on the bad weather and ask them to be careful and warn them;

e)The master shall check the abnormalities whenever possible to make the ship in good condition.

49.If the stevedores damage the crane, derrick or any other equipment on board, what should you

do?

Firstly,  I  shall  ask the  duty  officer  have  a  careful  supervision when the  stevedores  are  loading  and unloading cargo and ask the duty officers to report to me any incident or any damage the workers have done to the vessel equipment.

If equipment damages occur, usually, I will see how serious the damage is. If the damage is serious, I  shall  report to the  master  immediately.  If the damage is  not very serious,  I shall ask the stevedore  company to make repair. At least, I shall ask the stevedores to acknowledge their liabilities. But anyway, I shall not allow the stevedore workers to leave the vessel until the damage is settled properly.

50.Before and during dry-docking for the vessel, what should a Chief Officer do?

The Chief Officer shall prepare a detailed repair list for the approval of the master and the company; adjust  the  proper  trim  as  per  the  dock's  requirements  and  make  out  a  safety  procedure  before drydocking. The  Chief  Officer  should  also  make  an  assignment  plan for the  deck  officers  and  crew during  drydocking.  When  the   repair  work   is   being  done,  the   Chief  Officer  should   have  a  good supervision on the jobs and ensure safety of the workers and the seamen.

51.How do you balance the interests between the ship owner and the charterer?

Sometimes, the crew are heavily pressured in the circumstances: the charterer just pushes the master to catch time, but there will be no time for the maintenance and repairs for the vessel. But I know that the  charterer  is  very   important  to  the  ship   owner,  so  good   relation  with  the   charterer  is  very important to both the master and the ship owner.

船东希望大副既能和租家建立良好的关系，又能维护船东的利益。因为大副挣的是船东的工 资，但船东挣的是客户（租家）的钱。

52.What do you know about BC Code?

The  BC  code  refers to the  IMO  Bulk  Cargo  Code.  In this  code,  bulk cargo operation  procedures are stated. This is a very important manual and the Chief Officer must study it with care and follow the instructions in the Code at work, especially when he makes the stowage plan.

53.How should you deal with the garbage on board the ship?

MARPOL 73/78 provides for detailed regulations on garbage disposal. Usually, any shipping company should have its own Garbage Management Plan in its SMS manuals. Usually, the Chief Engineer or the Chief Officer is the designated person in charge of carrying out the garbage disposal , but all crew on board should follow the garbage management plan.

Garbage  is  disposed   in  four  steps,  i.e.  collection,  separation,   processing  and  disposal.  The  Chief Engineer or the Chief Officer should make clear records in the Garbage Record Book. The Master has to make sure the Garbage Record Book is available for checks at any time.

The garbage can  roughly  be divided  into two types: the  biodegradable and  persistent garbage. The former refer to those that can be rotten by themselves, such as food paper, and wood; the latter refers to those that can not rotten themselves, such as plastic, mental etc. The persistent garbage can never be thrown into the sea.    

54.When should a turnover/handover of watch be deferred or postponed?

Usually, under the following situations, the turnover can be deferred or even postponed:

(1)If the officer on watch has reason to believe that the relieving officer is obviously not able to carry out  his  duties  effectively;  (2)  when  bridge  maneuver  is  taking  place,  turnover  of  watch  must  be deferred until the action is completed and the ship is in a safe condition for the relief of the watch to take place.

55.Under what situations should you as the officer on watch reduce the ship's speed? Can you give some examples?

  The OOW should  not  hesitate to use engine to reduce the speed for safety. Some examples are:(1) when the ship meets restricted visibility;(2)when the ship is in heavy traffic area; (3) when the ship is in a close quarter situation.

56.What actions should be taken when restricted visibility is encountered or expected?

The following actions should be taken. (1) Call or notify the master; (2) Stand by engine and sail at safe speed; (3) Switch on the navigational lights; (4) Switch on and sound fog signals; (5) Switch on ARPA and Radar; (6) Shift to manual steering for maneuver; (7) Post additional lockout.

57.What precautions should be taken 12 hours before arrival at or departure from any port?

Tests on the following should be made before entering or getting underway:

(1)  Primary and secondary steering gear. (2)  Internal control communications and control alarm.  (3) Standby and emergency generator. (4) Storage batteries for emergency lighting. (5)  Main propulsion ahead and astern.

58.What should you do in case of steering failure?

When steering failure occurs, I shall immediately inform the engine room to change to the emergency steering gear. hi the meantime I shall report to the master. K no further incidents occur, I will get the signals hoisted for a vessel not under command.

59.Do you know something about the internal and the external audit?

Internal  audit  is  a  systematic check  of the  management  and operation  situation  of the vessel. The internal audit, as I remember, is carried out at least once a year. The external audit is carried out the Classification of the vessel. The surveyor of the Class usually comes on board the check.

60.What is safety speed during sailing? What factors should you consider in deciding the speed of a vessel during sailing in the sea?

The safe speed is the speed at which the vessel can take proper and effective actions to be stopped in a safe distance. The following factors should  be taken  into account to achieve safe speed: visibility, number of ships in the area, the ship s maneuverability, wind force, sea tide and current, background lights, draught and available depth of water, proximity of navigational hazards, standard and operation of technical equipment on board, ice condition and so on.

61.When navigating in a crossing situation, as a duty officer, what anti-collision measures should be taken?

When the vessels are proceed on head-on condition, what anti-collision rule should be observed? When a power-driven ship and sailing meet in the sea, what anti-collision rule should be observed?

When two power-driven ships are crossing, the ship which has the other ship on her own starboard side shall keep out of way. To do this, this ship can either alter course to starboard side or slow down her speed in order to avoid collision.    

When two  power-driven  ships  are  meeting  head-on  situation  or  near  head-on  situation,  each  ship shall alter course to starboard so that they can pass on the port side of each other at a safe distance.

When a ship sails at a higher speed overtakes another ship, the ship shall sails at higher speed or shall alter its course to avoid collision.

A power-driven ship shall keep out of the way of a sailing ship. This can be done by either altering its course or speed up to avoid collision.

          二副的英语面试

二副面试前主要应准备关于职责范围内的问题，如图海图（电子海图）、如何修正海图、地 理常识、海事专业出版社及船上图书馆的管理、制定航路计划、船上药品管理、装卸货值班、正

   常海上值班、垃圾处理、其他所负责的设备的维护和保养等问题。当然，也可能会问及《国际安 全管理规则》（ISM）以及《公司安全管理体系》方面的知识和问题。就目前中国船员整体状况而 言，二副职位的船员英文水平和业务水平越来越好。对于没有外派经历的二副，建议抓紧时间补 习英文， 特别是专业英文。下面收集了一部分问题，可供参考。

1.Can you tell me about your education background and working experience?

(Omitted) Please refer to the same questions for the master.

2.Can you tell me about your last vessel?

(Omitted) Please refer to the answers to the same questions to the master or chief officer.

3.What are your responsibilities as a Second Officer?

The Second Officer is the navigational officer and sometimes also medical officer on board. Besides, the Second Officer shall assist the Chief Officer. His duties may include the following:

(1)Navigation watch keeping (from 1200 to 1600, and from 0000 to 0400);

(2)Chart and navigational publication corrections;

(3)Passage plan making;

(4)Usually working as the designated communications officer;

(5)Maintenance of communication equipment, instruments and spare parts on board the ship;

(6)Care of all the  basic  navigation equipment and  instruments,  including  magnetic  compasses, gyro compasses, gyro repeaters, rime changes, depth sounders and course recorder.

(7)Maintenance of inventories of the stationery

(8)Medical duties, and other duties designated by the Master or Chief Officer.

(9)Some other work designated by master or Chief Officer. 二副应该能用自己的语言流利地说出自己的职责。

4.Please briefly describe the procedure of dealing with navigational warnings.

Firstly, I shall register the navigational warnings in the Register Book and record the warning number in the card. Secondly, I shall select the charts that are affected by the warnings. Then I shall use pens, scissors and glues to fix permanent notices. I shall also use pencils to fix tem- porary and preliminary notices. The charts are to be corrected according to all the concerned warnings. When I correct the chart, I shall frequently consult the geographical index.

5.Can you describe the charts correction procedures?

Please refer to the same question for the Master.

Firstly, the Second Officer has to make sure that he has received the latest Notice to Mariner and that he has to write the notice request on time. The Master shall make emergency request if the latest is not received.

Secondly, the  Second  Officer  has  to  record  the  Notice  to  Mariner  on  the  correction  logs  on  time according to the chronological order.

Thirdly, when correcting the chart, he has to make sure that the last small correction has been made on the chart.    

Erasure should  never  be  made  when  deleting  information  crossed through.  Instead,  series  of short

double strokes should be used while correction fluid should not be used. Always insert information before you delete any information.

任何海图和维护海图是二副最重要的职责之一，对于海图更新的有关程序是考官经常考到的题目， 一定要好好准备。关键是如何用自己的话表述出这个复杂的过程。

6.Who should draft the passage plan on board? What are included in passage plan?

When you make the passage plan, what information do you need?

Usually, the  passage  plan  should  be  prepared  by  the  Second  Officer  and  approved  by  the  Master.        

During passage, when an error or mistake is found about the passage plan, it should be reported to the Master first and corrected afterwards by the Second Officer. But during voyage the passage plan cannot be changed without the Master s approval.

The  passage plan should  include such information as way points, the distance between way points, courses, current, tide, weather conditions and means of communications, means of fixing position and interval and so on.

Besides,  the  following  information  and  publications  are  necessary  in  making  the  passage-       plan: sailing directions, pilot book, port entry guidance, tide table’s local area warning, warning     from the NAVAREA areas, list of light and radio signals, Admiralty Notice to Mariner, sea chart and catalogue of admiralty charts and other publications.

7.What is the scope the passage plan cover? If you miss one or two big or small scale charts for next voyage, can the ship give sea going or not?

The  passage  plan should  cover the sailing  route from  berth to  berth.  Lack  of  information for some areas may lead to some serious accidents.

The ship cannot go if one or two charts are not available.

8.If the signal of 'three red lights vertically aligned' is found on board a ship during night voyage, what do you think is wrong with the ship? If a motor ship is moving under the way, but not under command, what kind of signals should she use? On what occasion do you display two black  balls during the day?

The vessel is constrained by her draught. It is very hard for her to maneuver. Our vessel should give a wide berth and take actions to keep away from her.

The motor ship should use not-under-control lights, i.e., two red lights vertically aligned during night time, and two black balls vertically aligned during day time.

We shall display two black balls when our vessel cannot get out the way of another.

各种信号灯的含义和英文表示也是面试中经常提到的问题。希望二副全面复习一下这方面的知识。请参阅 COLREG 1972 'NAVIGATION UGHTS'  部分。

9.Please describe how you take care of the magnetic compass.

The  liquid  magnetic  compass  should  be  regularly  checked  for  air  bubbles  and  it  should  always  be covered when it is not in use. The deviation of the compass should be checked and observed during every watch.

10.How do you set and adjust gyro compass?

The Second Officer should frequently check the gyro compass' error. Actually, gyro compass accuracy should be checked at least once a day at sea and at anchor, and for each course steered. During the watch, the simultaneous check should be made at least hourly. If there is     any signifi-     cant deviation error, the Second Officer should report it to the Master and record in the Compass Record Book and Deck  Logbook.  The  electronic  devices  should  be  kept  away  from  the  compasses  in  a  reasonable distance.  The  Chief  Officer  or  other  designated  officers  should  test  the  error  in  the  morning  and evening.    

11.What are your responsibilities as the Second Officer while the vessel is in port?

My responsibilities are to keep good watch, to ensure the safety of life, the ship and the cargo and to maintain good working orders on the vessel.

During my watch I should be aware of the draft, under keel clearance, the state of ship, the mooring conditions so as to avoid dangerous listing, trim or  hull stress during cargo operation.  I should also make sure that de-ballasting causes  no  marine  pollution.  I  should  watch and supervise the  loading process and report any incident or accident to the Chief Officer.         

12.Please tell me the difference between the great circle line(大圆航线) and rhomb line (恒向线)?

In theory, the great circle line is the shortest distance between two places, while the rhomb

line is longer than the great circle line. However, it is very hard for a vessel just to take the circle line or rhomb line.

13.During cargo loading, if you find cargo damages in holds, what should you do?

I should record them in writing or even photograph the damages and report the situations to the Chief Officer immediately. The Chief Officer should  report it to the tallyman and ask them to replace the cargo, if possible. At the same time, the officer on duty should make the on-the-spot record.

If the damages are really very serious, we should report to the Master and ask for his instructions.

14.When you usually do the chart work? When you are keeping watch, can you do the chart work?

Whenever I receive the Notice to Mariner, I will do the correction and drawing as soon as possible.

Generally, I should  not do the chart work when am  keeping watch.  Doing chart work  during watch keeping can give rise to some potential danger to the maneuvering of the vessel.

15.What is the maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAG) rate on board?

According to the STCW Code, the BAC shall not be more than 0.08% by weight at any time when being tested. Watch-keepers are  not allowed to drink any alcoholic  beverage 4  hours  before their  watch. Besides, when bunkering, loading and unloading, mooring and unmooring, 4 hours before and after port all, the sailor on board cannot have any alcoholic drinks.

16.Please tell me your duties as the medical officer.

I  am  responsible for  maintaining the  medical  inventory.  I  should  keep  a  good  record  of  the  use  of different medicines and make sure that the aide bags are at proper locations. I should also be careful with the medicine locker. The expired medicines should be replaced on time. When some important medicines are out of stock, I should report to the Master and make requisition for supply.

17.When do you call the Master to the bridge?

In the following situations, according to the SMS manual, I will have to call the Master to the bridge:

(1)When the visibility is lower than the one mentioned in the Master's standing order;

(2)Breakdown of the main engine, steering gear, gyro-compass or any other critical equipment related to the safety of the vessel;

(3)When the ship's position and sounding are unusual or strange;

(4)When the navigational marks or sounding do not appear as expected;

(5)When heavy weather is encountered;

(6)When the ship is behaving in an unusual way;

(7)When marine pollution is seen or suspected;

(8)When distress message is received or accident observed;    

(9)Any other situation when the officers are in doubt;

(10)Whenever the ship is in danger;

知道何时叫船长到驾驶台是非常重要的，这对船舶的安全航行非常重要，通常船长在 bridge order 或 standing order  里都有详细的说明，STCW95 公约关于船员值班部分也有详细的规定。

18.When RADAR and ARPAR are in use, do they relieve your duty of lockout as a watch-keeper?

No, these apparatuses do not relieve the watch officer of his duty to maintain a proper lockout at all times. This is very important to the maneuvering of the vessel. Accidents often arise because of the officers'  complete  dependence  on  the  RADAR,  ARPAR,  GPS  and  other  equipment,       especially  in hazardous areas, such as the coast and  port  areas,  low visibility area,  restricted      areas  and  heavy weather regions. All in all, the rules and regulation of the COLREG 1972 must be strictly obeyed.

19.What do you know about EC and ECD

EC means Electronic Chart, and ECDIS means Electronic Chart and Information System.

This system uses the computer technology to provide chart details on a visual display unit, combined with an automatic indication of ship’s position, and possibly a radar image, and a navigation aide. This kind of chart needs basic computer operation skills and automation knowledge.

20.Can you tell me the main contents of a typical Admiralty Notice to Mariner? How did you get the Notice to Mariner on your last vessel?

The Admiralty Notice to Mariners is a maritime publication issued by the Hydrographic Department of the  United Kingdom. They include Admiralty Notices, Australian and New Zealand Notices. They are published on a weekly basis. There is also an annual summary version.

The Admiralty Notice to Mariner includes 6 sections. Section one, Explanatory  Notes and indexes to Section two. Sections two. Admiralty Notices to Mariners-Corrections to charts. Section three, reprints of Radio Navigational Warnings. Section four, Corrections to Admiralty Sailing Di- rections. Section five, Corrections to Admiralty List of lights and Fog Signals. Section six, Corrections to Admiralty list of Radio Signals.

On my last ship, the ship owner provided us with the Notice to Mariners in every major port. H they failed to give us the Notice, we' 11 send them a request for this.

21.It is very important to get rid of the outdated charts and other SMS documents on board. Why?

It is very important to keep the latest revised charts (also some other ISM documents on board) in the deck and engine room, and keep away those out-of-dated charts because after a period of time, you will  not  be  able  to  know  what  documents  are  the  newest  ones.  The  mixture  of  the  old  and  new documents on  board can easily give rise to some problems for the safety of he vessel. So it is very important to do away with the obsolete documents as soon as possible.

22.How do you maintain the clocks?

I am responsible for the vessel clocks except for those in the engine room. Before getting underway, clocks shall be compared and synchronized, and the synchronization record shall be entered into the Deck Logbook.

23.Under what situations do you call the engine room when you are on duty?

(1)Whenever it is necessary to make sure that engine room and bridge clocks are synchronized;

(2)At least one hour before starting or ending a sea passage;

(3)As soon as it appears that engine operation maneuvers may be required, with one hour's notice if possible;

(4)Whenever the ship machinery operation may be affected by weather or other condition changes, such as shallow water approach, concentration of marine life or seaweed, ice in water, or change of trim or draft due to ballasting shifting;

(5)One hour before inert gas system operation is required (for tanker);

(6)One hour before steam is required on deck;    

(7)Whenever the temperature falls to 2 degree Centigrade to prevent damage to equipment;

(8)At least one hour before the standby generator is required;

(9)Whenever the cargo pumps are     used;

(10)One hour prior to getting     underway.

24.What should you do first after you join a vessel?

Firstly, I shall familiarize myself with the Familiarization Booklet, the Muster Lists and Emergency Card in my cabin. Second, I shall report to the Master and get familiar with other     officers  and  crew on board the vessel. Third, with accompaniment of the relieved Second Officer, I shall have an inspection of  those   items   he   was   responsible   for.   I   shall   discuss   immediately   with   the   Master   on   any

unsatisfactory  conditions,  including  equipment   malfunctions.   I  shall  also  take  over           all   the

documents the Second Officer should take care of. A good handover with the relieved Second Officer is the most important thing for me.

25.When do you have to change from the automatic steering to manual steering?

The  steering   mode  should   be  changed  from  automatic  to   manual   mode   under  the  following circumstances: (1) in any emergency situations; (2) in diminishing and restricted visibility, as defined by the Master; (3) when the ship's steering in shallow water; (4) when the Master thinks necessary.

When the steering mode is changed, the watch officers shall supervise the process.

26.If ship collision happens when you are on duty, what procedure should you follow?

I should follow the     emergency checklist. Firstly, I will sound the alarm for emergency; Secondly, I will inform the Master immediately;

Thirdly, I will inform the engine room and prepare engine standby;

After ship collision, all the tanks should be sounded and the ship owner, manager should be informed of the accident. The accident report should also be sent to the all concerned  parties and the coast country. And all the above actions, ship’s position, times, etc. should be recorded properly.

27.Before the ship sails to a new port, if you do not have one or two necessary charts, what should you possibly do?

If possible, I will ask for help from the Master. If the Master cannot help, I may ask for help     from the vessels sailing in the same area. Anyway, I will try to solve the problem before the vessel sails to the port.

这是一个合格的二副所应该具备的应变的能力。相信绝大多数船东都能按时提供海图，但是万一 出现上述情况，二副应千方百计想办法弄到海图。

28.What is safety speed during sailing? What factors should you consider hi deciding the speed of a vessel during sailing hi the sea?

The safe speed is the speed at which the vessel can take proper and effective actions to be stopped in a safe distance. The following factors should be taken into account to achieve safe     speed: visibility, number of ships in the area, the ship's maneuverability, wind force, sea tide and current, background lights, draught and available depth of water, proximity of navigational hazards, standard and operation of technical equipment on board, ice condition and so on.

29.When navigating in a crossing situation, as master or duty officer, what anti-collision measures should  be  taken?  When  the  vessels  are  proceed  on  head-on  condition,  what  anti-collision  rule should be observed? When a power-driven ship and sailing meet in the sea, what anti-collision rule should be observed?    

When two power-driven ships are crossing, the ship which has the other ship on her own starboard side shall keep out of way. To do this, this ship can either alter course to starboard side or slow down her speed in order to avoid collision.

When two  power-driven  ships  are  meeting  head-on  situation  or  near  head-on  situation,  each  ship shall alter course to starboard so that they can pass on the port side of each other at a safe distance.

When a ship sails at a higher speed overtakes another ship, the ship shall sails at higher speed or shall alter its course to avoid collision.

A power-driven ship shall keep out of the way of a sailing ship. This can be done either altering its course or speed up to avoid collision.

30.You are the watch  officer  at anchor  on  an  8000-ton ship which  is  about  400 feet  long.  If  the

   weather becomes foggy and foggy, what precautions should you take?

I would station a  man forward with orders to ring the ship’s  bell  rapidly for about 5 seconds every minutes and another man aft to sound the gong likewise. Ship's whistle or siren would be ready for use in case of necessity to give warning of my position to a vessel approaching. The signals for this warning shall be 3 blasts in succession.

31.When should a turnover (handover) of watch be deferred or postponed?

Usually, under the following situations, the turnover can  be deferred or even  postponed:  (1)  K  the officer on watch has reason to believe that the relieving officer is obviously not able to carry out his duties effectively; (2) when bridge maneuver us taking place, turnover of watch must be deferred until the action is completed and the ship is in a safe condition for the relief of the watch to take place.

32.Under what conditions should you as officer on watch change the ship's speed?

Refer to the Questions and Reference Answers for the Chief Officer.

33.What actions should be taken when restricted visibility is encountered or expected?

(1) Call or notify the master; (2) Switch on the navigational lights;

(3) Switch on and sound fog signals; (4) Switch on ARPA and Radar;

(5) Shift to manual steering for maneuver; (6) post additional lockout;

(7) Inform and advise engine room for any emergency maneuvers.

34.What precautionary measures are to be done 12 hours before arrival at or departure from any port?

I shall test the following before entering or getting underway: (1) Primary and secondary steering gear: (2)  Internal  control  communications  and  control  alarm;  (3)  Standby  and  emergency  generator;  (4) storage batteries for emergency lighting. (5) Main propulsion ahead and astern.

34.  What should you do in case of steering failure?

When  there  is  a  steering  failure,  I  shall   report  to  the   master  immediately,  so  that  he  may  take whatever actions are required. At the same time, provided no further incidents occur, hoist the signals for a vessel not under command. At the same time, inform the engine room and determine the time necessary for repairs, if possible, so     that the necessary preparations can be made on the bridge.

36.When is great circle sailing most advantageous? Please explain briefly.

The shortest distance between two meridians is the arc of the great circle contained between these two points. The advantages of using the great circle sailing are most obvious in high latitudes, where there is a large difference of longitude between the points of departure and destination.

37.How do you do the chart work?

The chart work must be so detailed that the Master or relieving officer can easily and quickly

find out the ship’s last known position and from that they can determine its present position. Detailed chart work includes course line, DR position marked with time and distance, observed position with time and distance plus the position fixing method.    

Special notes like when the Master should be informed and when to slow down, etc. are also needed in some dangerous areas.

38.If a man is overboard, what actions should you take immediately?

I should throw him a lifebuoy and follow the emergency procedure. That is to say, I should sound the alarm, inform the Master and the engine room, make the Williamson Turn and keep constant lockout.

39.What is confine waters? What factor should you take into account when you make passage plan in the confined waters?

Confined waters means an area of the sea where the width of the safely navigable waterway is not more than about 2 miles, such as a strait, considering the draft of the vessel and water depth.

  For navigation in confined waters, I shall consider the following matters in planning a passage:

(1)Presence/absence of special navigational rules and items to report.

(2)Information on the sailing directions, coast pilot, and so on.

(3)The draft of the vessel and the navigable area of the sea.

(4)The effect of sinkage of the hull (squat) and keeping enough under keel clearance.

(5)Tides, and a tidal current.

(6)Weather conditions and counter-measures against restricted visibility.

(7)Use of navigation aids to give a sign, and setting of Parallel Index (line for avoiding danger).

(8)Passing time of danger points (daylight/night-time)?

(9)The degree of congested water-traffic, crowded area with fishing boats, and counter-measures for the above mentioned.

(10)The vessel's maneuvering ability.

(11)Necessity/lack of necessity for adjustment of the vessel’s speed.

40.What is safety speed during sailing? What factors should you consider in deciding the speed of a vessel during sailing in the sea?

The safe speed is the speed at which the vessel can take proper and effective actions to be stopped in a safe distance. The following factors should be taken into account to achieve safe     speed: visibility, number of ships in the area, the ship' s maneuverability, wind force, sea tide and current, background lights, draught and available depth of water, proximity of navigational hazards, standard and operation of technical equipment on board, ice condition and so on.

41.When navigating in a crossing situation, as master or duty officer, what anti-collision measures should  be  taken?  When  the  vessels  are  proceed  on  head-on  condition,  what  anti-collision  rule should be observed? When a power-driven ship and sailing meet in the sea, what anti-collision rule should be observed?

When two power-driven ships are crossing, the ship which has the other ship on her own starboard side shall keep out of way. To do this, this ship can either alter course to starboard side or slow down her speed in order to avoid collision.

When two  power-driven  ships  are  meeting  head-on  situation  or  near  head-on  situation,  each  ship shall alter course to starboard so that they can pass on the port side of each other at a safe distance.

When a ship sails at a higher speed overtakes another ship, the ship shall sails at higher speed or shall alter its course to avoid collision.

A power-driven ship shall keep out of the way of a sailing ship. This can be done either altering its course or speed up to avoid collision.

42.What is ISM Code? How many chapters are there in ISM Code now? What is DOC and SMC?

ISM  means  International  Management  Code  for  the  Safe  Operation  of  Ships  and  for  Pollution Prevention. It is made by the IMO.

The  ISM Code (as amended)  includes  16 chapters falling into two parts:  implementation (part one),  and verification  and  certification  (part  two). The  16  chapters  are:  general,  safety  and  environment  protection   policy,   company    responsibilities   and    authority,   designated    person   (    s   ),    master's  responsibilities and authority, resources and personnel, development of plans for shipboard operation, emergency   preparedness,   reports   and    analysis    of   non-conformity,   accidents    and    hazardous  occurrences,  maintenance of the ship and equipment, documentation, company verification,  review  and  evaluation,  certification  and  verifications  and  control,  certification  and  periodical  verification,  verification, interim certification, and forms of certificates. The last four chapters are newly added in  the new version of ISM Code.    

   SMS means safety  management system, and this system is made  based on the  16 elements of  ISM Code, which  is  a  compulsory  part  SO-LAS74.  The  ship-owner  or  manager  cannot  get  Document  of Compliance   (DOC)   and   SMC   without   audited   Safety    Management   Certificate   (SMC)    by   Class designated by the flag registry country administration.

43.In case of loss of bridge control, what immediate actions do you take?

In case of the vessel fall into loss of bridge control result from trouble in the main engine, steering gear, etc. , the Officer of the Watch shall immediately take the following measures:

         三副的英语面试

就船上的值班和所承担的任务分工来看，三副也是甲板部非常重要的职位。但是，考虑到  三  副毕竟在船上的工作时间不会很长，经验也不会很多，所以考官对三副的问题一般不会很复杂， 主要是集中在职位范围内的一些问题，如救生、消防设备的维护和保管、吃水的测量、应急反应、 值班时应注意的问题等等。也可能会问及《国际安全管理规则》（ISM）以及《公司安全管理体系》 方面的知识和问题。有些公司的三副可能还要承担一些二副的工作职责，所以，三副也应该参考  一下二副的问题。

1.Can you tell me about your educational background and working experience as a seaman?

For example: I graduated from Dalian Maritime University in July 1999. Since April, 1999, I began my seamen career. I have worked on two ships. On the fist ship, I worked as a deck cadet for 10 months. On the second ship, I worked as a 3/0 for nearly a year.

2.Can you tell me about your last vessel?

My  last  ship  was  a  general  cargo  sailing  globally,  but  mainly  from  European  ports  to  the  US  and Canada port. I worked on that vessel for 13 months as third officer.

3.What are your responsibilities as a Third Officer?

(1)To perform sea watches and cargo watch, from 0800-1200 and 2000-2400 hours;

(2)To assist the Chief Officer in supervising cargo handling operation

(3)To measure the draft at the discretion of the Chief Officer or the Master;

(4)To  assist  the   Master  on  the   bridge  with   anchoring  and   mooring  and   unmooring  operation   is underway;

(5)To  inspect  communication  systems  and  important  items  related  to  the  navigational  system  and other department before leaving port or shifting anchorage;    

(6)To  maintain  the  life-saving  appliances  and  fire  fighting  equipment  and  make  records  in  the maintenance log and inventory book;

(7)To do some paper work and other jobs assigned by the Master

4.When do you call the Master to the Bridge?

If the master were not in the bridge room, according to some rules and my experience, I would call the master to the bridge under the following circumstances:

When I do not know the correct actions to take;

When the giving away vessel does not give away as a rule and cannot get into contact with it;

When navigational equipment fails to respond; When receiving the distress call;

When navigational marks are missing or in the expected time, and did not see the marks; When the depth sounding do not have expected result;

When entry into heavy traffic, low visibility areas; When main engine speed decreases or breakdown; When approaching the poor visibility areas;

And when the vessel is in danger and I am not sure how to react.

5.Who is responsible for the LSA and FFE equipment on board a ship?

LSA means Life Saving Apparatus; FFE means Fire Fighting Equipment. The Third Officer is responsible

for the maintenance of all these apparatus. The maintenance records should be logged.

6.How often and what do you inspect the lifeboats?

Usually  I inspect and test the important parts of the lifeboat on a weekly basis.  My checking points include attachment to the hull, life-line, handrail, the condition of rudder, fuel oil tanks, fresh water, food and so on. After checking, I make records in the maintenance book and log book.

7.What actions should you take while you find fire in the cabin?

I  should  sound  the  fire  alarm  first,  and  then  inform  the  bridge,  the  engine  room  and  the  Master immediately. And I will use the portable fire extinguisher to put out the fire the soonest possible if the fire is not that serious. At the same time, I shall watch the fire carefully and wait for the fire-fighting team assistance. When the fire fighting team is in their respective position, I will come to my position on the Fire Muster List.

8.What do you know about the ISM code? What are DOC and SMC?

For answer to the first question, please refer to the Questions and Reference Answers for the Master.

DOC means Document of Compliance. It is issued to a shipping company by a classification society or a maritime  administration.  SMC   means  Safety   Management  Certificate.   It  is  issued  to  a  ship   by  a classification society or a maritime administration.

9.Why must you check the compass error between the gyro and magnetic during the watch?

The  duty  officer  should  check  the  difference  between  the  two  compasses  at  least  every  hour.  If significant  error  between  magnetic  and  gyro-compass  is  found,  compasses  must  be  adjusted  and corrected  immediately.  If there the gyro-compass  breaks down,  I  shall  immediately  report  it to the Master.

10.How do you check the ship’s  position when you keep the anchor watch and which way is the best?

I can use three ways i.e. Radar fixing, GPS fixing, landmark fixing to get the vessel’s position and define the anchor position. But I think the best way is radar fixing because it is more precise and reliable. For the sake of safety, instead of using only one means, all the other ways available should be used. At the same time, lockout is still very important.

11.What preparations should you make in anticipation of the PSC inspection on board the ship?    

I should check very carefully the FFE and LSA to make sure they function well. I should also make sure that all the logs and records of the FFE and LSA and the drills are available for inspection.

12.How do you check the CO2 System?

The CO2 system is the fixed fire fighting system. I do the checks according to the checklist. First, the date of last service, CO2 pipelines and bottles should be checked. The air blow test should be carried out to make sure that the system works well enough. Certificates also need to be checked to make sure they are up-to-date. The weight of the CO2 in the bottles should be tested at regular interval.

13.During cargo watch, what should the Third Officer on duty do?

According to the cargo stowage plan, the Third Officer must ensure the safety of the personnel, the cargo  and  the  ship.  He  should  watch  and  supervise  the  loading  operation  and  cargo  stowing,  and report the accident and abnormalities, if any, to the Chief Officer. The Third Officer should keep watch on the weather, the mooring conditions, sea and vicinity condition, and check the draft regularly. All records should be made in the logbook.

14.What is the maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) rate on board?

According to some rules and regulations, the BAC shall not be more than 0.04% by weight of the blood any time when  being tested.  But  watch-keepers  are  not  allowed to  drink  any alcoholic  beverage 4 hours before their watch. Anyway, I shall refer to the SMS manual of the company to get some more detailed regulation in this regard.

15.When RADAR, ARPAR and other positioning systems are in use, does the use of these apparatus relieve your duty of look-out as a watch-keeper?

No, the working of these apparatus does not relieve the watch officer of his duty to maintain a proper look-out at all time. You can not depend on the machines too much. Lockout (deck watch) is always very  important,  especially  in  some  passages,  inside  the  port  and  in  some  dangerous  sailing  areas. Delayed actions will possibly give rise to big accidents.

16.When the vessel departs the port, what preparation shall the Master do?

(1) He shall make various principal calculations such as the ride, current and the time of sun-rise and sun-set that are necessary for securing safety during port entry or departure. (2) Check to see that the disembarkation  of  the  visitors  and  the  embarkation  or  disembarkations  of  supernumeraries   in accordance with the safety management records. (3) Check to see that the deck crew are on board. (4) Prepare  and  check  signal  flags,  make  sure  that  the  Port  Clearance  and  other  formalities  are  well prepared. (5) make sure that the pilotage and tug service are prepared.

17.How often do you check and correct the chronometer（天文钟）？

I shall check and correct it on daily basis. The record of each correction shall be put into the record book. Besides, the chronometer shall be sent ashore for cleaning during each shipyard repair period.

18.When working on the bridge, when do you call the engine room for information?

(1)Whenever necessary to ascertain that engine room and bridge clocks are synchronized;

(2)At least one hour before starting or ending a sea passage;

(3)As soon as it appears that engine operation maneuvers may be required, with one hour's notice if possible;

(4)Whenever the ship machinery operation may be affected by weather or other condition changes, such as shallow water approach, concentration of marine life or seaweed, ice in water, or change of trim or draft due to ballasting shifting;    

(5)One hour before inert gas system operation is required (for tanker);

(6)One hour before steam is required on deck;

(7)Whenever the temperature falls to 2 degree centigrade to prevent damage to equipment;

(8)At least one hour before the standby generator is required;

(9)As soon as an excessive some is to be turned;

(10)Whenever the cargo pumps are used;

(11)One hour prior to getting underway.

19.When you join a vessel, what should you do first?

First, I shall report to the master and familiarize myself with the Emergency Card in the cabin and the Muster  Lists,  and  the  crewmen  including  the  master  and  other  officers  and  seamen  on  board  the vessel. Second, with accompaniment of the relieved the 3/O, I shall have an inspection of those items            

the 3/O is responsible for. I shall discuss immediately with the master on any unsatisfactory conditions, including equipment malfunctions. I shall also take over all the documents the 2/O shall take care of.  Lastly, I shall prepare for getting underway. I shall test the draft of the vessel and report the result to  the C/O.

A good handover with the relieved 3/O is the very important thing for me.

20.Please tell some parts of a lifeboat in English.

For instance, manrope, oars, ration, securing gears, launch tracks, slip gear, sea anchor, sea plug davit,  roll, harbor pin, canvas roof, fresh water fishing gear, medicine, axe, provisions, sail makers lather palm, sail makers needle, grommet, serving boards, serving mallets, round mallets, wood hand fids, hatch  wedge,  rat  guards,  lifejackets,  lifejacket  lights,  lifebuoys,  thermal  protector,  radar  reflector,  bailer,  hatchets, sponges, lifeboat oil lamps, inflatable life jacket, immersion suit, matches, life-saving signal,  survival manual, waterproof electric torch, boathooks, and so on.

以上词汇供参考，并不是要求大家把所有的词汇都能记下来。

21.If ship collision happens when you are on duty, what procedure should you follow up?

Firstly, I shall sound the alarm for emergency; Secondly, I shall inform the master immediately;

Thirdly, I shall inform the engine room and prepare engine standby; Fourthly, I shall sound the tanks including ballasting tanks and oil tanks;

Fifthly, I shall, at the discretion of the master, report to the head office of ship owner, management company and charter at the discretion of the master.

Lastly, I shall report to the relative department and coastal countries at the discretion of the master.

22.When should a turnover/handover watch be deferred or postponed?

Usually, under the following situations, the turnover can be deferred or even postponed:

(1) If the officer on watch has reason to believe that the relieving officer is obviously not able to carry out  his  duties  effectively;  (2)  when  bridge  maneuver  us  taking  place,  turnover  of  watch  must  be deferred until the action is completed and the ship is in a safe condition for the relief of the watch to take  place.  (3)  Other  critical  situations  in  which  the   master   or  Officers  concerned   believes  the handover can not be done immediately.

23.Under what conditions should you as officer on watch change the ship's speed?

The OOW should not hesitate to use engine to change the sped of the ship. He should change the ship s speed on the following circumstances:

(l) when the ship meets restricted visibility; (2) when the ship is in traffic density area; (3) when the ship is in crossing situation or in close quarter situation.

24.What actions should be taken when restricted visibility is encountered or expected?

(1) Call or notify the master; (2) Switch on the navigational lights;

(3) Switch on and sound fog signals; (4) Switch on ARPA and Radar;    

(5) Shift to manual steering for maneuver; (6) post additional lookout;

(7) Inform and advise engine room for any emergency maneuvers.

25.What precautionary measures are to be done 12 hours before arrival at or departure from any port?

I shall test the following before entering or getting underway: (1) Primary and secondary steering gear: (2)  Internal  control  communications  and  control  alarm;  (3)  Standby  and  emergency  generator;  (4) storage batteries for emergency lighting. (5) Main propulsion ahead and astern.

26.What should you do in case of steering failure?

When  there  is  a  steering  failure,  I  shall   report  to  the   master  immediately,  so  that  he  may  take whatever actions are required. At the same time, provided no further incidents occur, hoist the signal        

for a vessel not under command. At the same time, inform the engine room and determine the time necessary for repairs, if possible, so that the necessary preparations can be made on the bridge.

27.When is great circle sailing most advantageous? Explain briefly.

The shortest distance between two meridians is the arc of the great circle contained between these two  points.  The  advantages  obtained  from  the  use  of  the  great  circle  sailing  are  greatest  in  high latitudes,  where,  there   is   a  large  difference  of  longitude  between  the   points  of  departure   and destination.

28.If a man is overboard, what actions should you take immediately?

I shall throw him a lifebuoy, inform the engine room, change sailing course, make engine full astern and steer towards him. Before he is picked up from the water, medical serve is prepared in case he is found to be injured.

29.How do you know how many persons a lifeboat is allowed to carry?

Usually, number of persons a lifeboat is allowed to carry is marked on each lifeboat's bows and on at least two of the thwarts.

30.In  case  of steering failure and  loss  of  bridge  control, what  actions  should the  officer  on  duty take?

In case of the vessel fall into loss of bridge control which results from trouble in steering system, the Officer of the watch shall take the following measures for the purpose of avoiding the present crisis.

(1)When  the  trouble  occurs  in  auto  steering  (AUTO)  and  Hand  steering  (HAND),  turn  the  system selection switch (SYSTEM SWITCH) to the standby side.

(2)When the steering is still impossible by the measures of above

(1), turn the mode selection switch (MODE SWITCH) to non-follow up (NFU) position to steer the lever.

(3) When the steering is still impossible by the measures of above

(2),  turn  the  system  to  emergency  steering  at  local  side,  together  with  in   use  of  Telephone, Transceivers, Microphone / Loud speaker and repeater gyro/spare compass, etc.

31.If the  ship  is  sailing  in  the  high-density  traffic  area,  what  actions  will  you take  if  you  are  on watch-keeping?

The OOW must always be aware of the possibility of navigation in congested waters. If the own vessel is expected to navigate such areas, he must take the following actions:

(1)early stay away from the congested area, if possible.

(2)arrangement of lockout (s).

(3)report to the Master.

(4)test of manual steering or changeover to manual steering.

(5)contact with Engineers, if necessary.

(6)if required, reduce down to a safe speed.

(7)running in parallel of Power Units of Steering Gears.

(8)Note the time of entering and leaving in congested water in the logbook and in the check list.

32.If you do the on-board patrol, what should you pay special attention to during your patrol tour?    

Usually, there should  be an Onboard Patrol Check  List.  In the checklist, the following items shall be included which shall be paid great attention when the Onboard Patrol is carried out:

(1)check for any sign of a fire

(2)check for leakage of oil or water , abnormal sound, smell and smoke.

(3)closure of water-tight doors.

(4)confirmation of Navigation Equipments, Steering Gear and etc. in working order.

(5)inspection of  lashing conditions  of  movable articles on  board  (and stowage condition of cargo  if necessary)

(6)thorough lighting control.

水手长的英语面试

水手长是甲板上仅次于驾驶员的“小干部”（Petty Officer），船东往往对水手长的要求较高， 不但希望水手长有丰富的工作经验，还要求水手长的英文水平要高于其他普通水手。此外， 水 手长还应具备较好的沟通能力，即和别的船员的沟通能力。还要求水手长有一定的领导和组织能 力，因为水手长要组织并领导甲板上的其他水手完成大副、船长和其他干部船员布置的任务。实 践表明，仅会干活而不会领导他人的水手长并不是一个非常合格的水手长。下面的一些问题供参 考。此外，水手长也应该看看一水的一些问题。

1.Tell us your experience as a Boatswain.

I have worked as a bosun for eight years, five times on five ships. I have worked on general cargo ship, bulk carrier, and ro-ro vessel. I can do all kind of work.

船东希望水手长具有很丰富的工作经验和管理经验，因为水手长要在具体的工作中带领其他

水手干活，没有一定的经验和管理水平是很难胜任这个工作的。但是，水手长还应该有很好的服 从意识，因为水手长毕竟是在干部船员的领导下工作。

2.What were your duties on board the last vessel?

你作为水手长，在上一条船上的主要职责是什么？

I worked under the leadership of the Chief Officer and assisted him in performing various duties of the Deck Department. I had the following duties:

(1)to make rounds all over the decks to see everything is in order;

(2)to arrange the work for the ratings in the deck department;

(3)to carry out the maintenance of hull, deck machinery, equipment, cargo gears and other under the leadership and with approval of the Chief Officer;

(4)to handle the administration of the vessels deck inventory and running stores for his consideration and final approval;

(5)to arrange sea watch, port watch, cargo watch for the ratings;

(6)to maintain cleanliness and hygiene on the vessel

(7)to assist the Chief Officer during anchoring and berthing operations;

(8)to finish any other tasks assigned by the Master or Chief Officer.

我在大副的领导下工作，帮助大副处理夹板上的各种工作并亲自完成大副交办的工作。具体工作 包括：

（1）巡视甲板确保一切正常

（2）为普通水手分派工作；

（3）在大副的领导和批准下，做船体、 甲板机械、货机等的维修和保养；

（4）在大副批准下， 管理船上备件；

（5）安排普通船员进行海上值班、港口值班和货物值班；

（6）船上卫生的保持；    

（7）抛收锚作业和泊位作业时协助大副；

（8）船长或大副吩咐的其他工作。

3.Do you have the watch keeping license or certificate?

Yes, I do. I can steer the vessel very well. Actually, before I became a bosun, I worked as AB for nearly 5 years on four ships.

通常来说，船上的 Bosun ，AB 等职位要操舵值班，具备 STCW95 公约下的值班证书很重要。

4.How many years have you been a Bosun? When did you start your seaman life? On board how many ships have you served as a Boatswain?

干几年水手长了？什么时候开始干船员的。做过几条船的水手长？

For five years. I started my seaman life ten years ago. I have served as a Bosun on board four ships.

5.Do you like drinking? As far as you know, what is the maximum blood alcohol concentration (BAC) rate on board?

船上的酒精限量是多少？

According to the STCW Code, the BAG shall not be more than 0.08 % by weight any time when being tested. But watch keepers are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours before their watch.

6.What  should  you  do  if  you  find  something  wrong  with  the  vessel  when  you  are  keeping  the watch?

如果值班时发现很大的问题该怎么办？

It depends on the seriousness of the problem. If I can solve the problem, I will do it myself. If I cannot solve, I should report it to the duty officers immediately.

那取决于问题的严重程度。若问题能自我解决，就迅速采取措施，若自己解决不了，应马上向值 班驾驶员报告。

7.What should be borne in mind when you do the paint work?

做油漆工作时应注意哪些事项？

I should choose the appropriate paints, choose the right brush, and keep the painted area clean and dry.  Moreover,  I  should  choose  the  best  weather  condition  to  do  the  paint  work  (usually  from  5 degrees to 25 degrees) and paint in correct order, usually from left to right, from top to bottom, from inside to  outside.  Enough  intervals  should  be  kept  between  two  coats.  I  should  not  forget  to  take safety  protection  measures. Another  important thing  is to  make sure  not to  cause  pollution at any time and any place.

应该首先选择合适的油漆和漆刷。确保要油漆作业的地方干净、干燥。一般选择在 5~25℃

的室外气温时干油漆活。按正常的方位油漆，一般是从左到右，从上到下，从里到外。在不同遍 数之间，应该有一定的时间间隔。干活时注意安全，不要造成任何可能的污染。

8.Tell us the names of some marks on the shell plate.

请说出几个船身的标记。

There are draught  marks, deck  line  mark,  load  line( 载重 线 )  (winter, summer, tropical fresh water, timber) mark, tonnage mark（吨位标识）, bulbous bow and thruster marks (船首和推进器线) ，tug pushing point mark(拖船受力顶推标识) and so on.

9.If you keep watch during loading or discharging, what should you do?

装卸货值班时应注意那些事项?

First, I should make sure that the goods are stacked in order during loading, and make sure that the stevedores do not use hand hooks and other tool to damage the cargo.    

Second, I should make sure that the damaged cargo and damp goods are not stored in the holds. The torn bags, if found, should be properly repaired before stowage.

Third, I shall record the cargo loaded and discharged and do a good record of the damaged cargo, if there is any.

Last,  I  will  be  very  careful  about  the  surrounding.  If  something  wrong  happens  during  the  work,  I should report to the C/O or duty officer on time.

10.When the cranes are used during loading and discharging, what should you pay attention to?

装卸货使用吊车时应注意些什么？

I should make sure that the stevedores or ABs operate the cranes properly. I should make sure that the

crane is not overloaded.

I should pay attention to wearing condition of the crane.

If I find workers do some damage to the crane, I should write down the time and place, and report to the duty officer immediately.