
名词的种类
1.专有名词(proper noun),表示人、地方、月份、星期、国家、组织、书报等专有的名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。John Smith约翰﹒斯密斯 Asia亚洲 Great Britain大不列颠 March三月 Sunday星期天 Washington Post华盛顿邮报专有名词中的冠词、介词、连词的第一个字母不需要大写,除非在句首。the People’s
Republic of China 中 华 人 民 共 和 国the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国但是,书报和文章等的第一个词是冠词或者介词时,即使不在句首,第一个字母也要大写。Jane was reading The Observer when I saw him.结构分析:Jane是主语,was reading是谓语动词,过去进行时,The Observer是宾语,when引导时间状语从句,I是主语,saw是see的过去式,作谓语动词,过去一般时,him是宾语。I have a copy of A New History of the United States.结构分析:I是主语,have是谓语动词,现在一般时,a copy of A New History of the United States是名词词组,作宾语。数(number)是区分单数和复数的语法范畴。可数名词有单数和复数。单数(singular)通常表示“一”,例如:a/one day, an/one meter;复数(plural)通常表示“大于一”,例如:two days, one and a half hours, 3 meters, 1.1 inches。但是,表示“小于一”时(half除外),英国英语用复数,例如:0.4 meters, 0.2 inches;美国英语用单数,例如:0.4 meter, 0.2 inche。表示“半”时,无论英美都用单数,例如:one half day, half an hour。表示“零”时,zero hours(零点)、zero degrees(零度)时用复数,其他用单数,倒如:zero hour(发动进攻时刻)、zero
growth(零增长)、zero norm(最低限额)。1.规则复数(regular plural),即-s复数,由单数形式加词尾-(e)s构成。-s在清辅音后读作/s/,在浊辅音和元音后读作/z/。cake-cakes map-maps plan-plans bee-bees game-games worker -workers1)单数名词以咝音/s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/结尾,要加-es,若词尾有不发音的e只加-s, 作/z/。gas-gases place-places buzz—buzzes bench-benches mirage-mirages(幻景) box-boxes dish-dishes bridge –bridgesroof-roofs safe-safes brief-briefs proof-proofs chief-chiefs grief-griefs cliff-cliffs gulf-gulfsleaf-leaves shelf-shelves wife-wives life-lives(但still lifes静物写生画) knife-kniveshoof--
hoofs/hooves turf-turfs/turves scarfs-scarfs/scarves wharf-wharfs/wharves3)以-y结尾的名词,-y前是元音时只加-s/z/。boy-boys day-days guy guys key-keyssky-skies city-cities country-countries factory-
factoriesstand-by—stand-bys the little Mary—the little Marysceho-echoes hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes torpedo
_torpedoesradio –radios folio – folios studio-studios zoo-zoospiano-pianos kilo-kilos Eskimo – Eskimos solo-solos photo-photos Filipino-Filipinosmotto -motto(e)s cargo-cargo(e)s torado-tornado(e)s zero-zero(e)s
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