QuestionsinChinaonhowH7N9flustrainkilled2
PresentedbyHYPERLINK"http://language.chinadaily.com.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=1038682"E_GHYPERLINK"http://language.chinadaily.com.cn/portal.php?mod=translate&aid=40659"\t"_blank"求翻译
Otherpeoplewhowereinclosecontactwiththevictimshavenotbecomesick,indicatingthatthevirusisnoteasilytransmittedbetweenhumans.Virologistsalsostudypigsbecausetheycanserveashostsforbirdvirusesandhumanvirusestomixandmuta
Healthofficialssaytheystilldon''tunderstandhowalesser-knownbirdfluviruswasabletokilltwomenandseriouslysickenawomaninChina,butthatit''sunlikelythatitcanspreadeasilyamonghumans.
TwomeninShanghaibecamethefirstknownhumanfatalitiesfromtheH7N9birdfluvirusaftercontractingitinFebruary.AwomanintheeasterncityofChuzhouremainsinseriouscondition,China''sNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommissionsaid.
Itwasunclearhowthethreepatientsbecameinfected,thehealthagencysaid.Itsoughttocalmfearsaboutthevirusbutprovidedfewdetailsabouteachcase.Authoritieshavenotdescribedthepatients''occupationsorsaidwhethertheyhadcomeintocontactwithbirdsorotheranimals.
Thehealthauthoritynoted,however,thattwosonsofoneoftheShanghaimenalsosufferedfromacutepneumonia,oneofwhomdied,andthesourceoftheirinfectionisstillunknown.Otherpeoplewhowereinclosecontactwiththevictimshavenotbecomesick,indicatingthatthevirusisnoteasilytransmittedbetweenhumans.
"Wedon''tknowyetthecausesofillnessinthetwosons,butnaturally,ifthreepeopleinonefamilyacquireseverepneumoniainashortperiodoftime,itraisesalotofconcern,"theWorldHealthOrganization''sChinarepresentative,MichaelO''Leary,saidatabriefinginBeijinglateMonday.
ManyepidemiologistsregarddenselypopulatedpartsofChinaandSoutheastAsia,wherefarmersoftenliveinclosequarterswithpigsandpoultry,asregionswhereconditionsareidealfornurturinginfectiousdiseasesthatjumpfromanimalstohumans.AnearlierdeadlyoutbreakofSARS,orsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome,waslinkedtowildanimalsthatinfectedanimals,whichinturninfectedpeopleinthatregion.
OtherstrainsoftheH7familyofbirdfluviruseshavecausedmostlymildhumaninfectionsinthepast,saidUniversityofHongKongmicrobiologistMalikPeiris,withcasesreportedintheNetherlands,Canada,theU.S.andBritain―mostlyfollowingoutbreaksinpoultry.
ExpertssaythedeathsinChinamightindicatethattheH7N9strainhasmorphedtobecomemorelethaltohumans,althoughit''snotpossibletomakeanyconclusionsyetaboutitsmortalityratebecausemanymildcasesmaygoundetected.Athoroughtracingofthevirusiscritical.
"Iwouldguessthatgiventheseverityofthehumandiseaseitislikelythattheseparticularviruseshaveundergonethechangetobecomehighlypathogenicbutobviouslythatremainstobeascertained,"Peirissaid."Thecrucialquestionisthesourceofthisvirus,whereisit."
Scientistshavelongfearedthatanotherbirdflustrain,H5N1,mightmutatetospreadmoreeasily.ButwhileithasdecimatedpoultrystocksmostlyinSoutheastAsia,ithasonlyoccasionallysickenedpeople―mostlyafterclosecontactwithinfectedpoultry.Itcanbedeadlywhenitdoesinfecthumans,though,killingabout60percentofthetime.
"Atthemoment,therehasbeennotmuchevidenceofhuman-to-humantransmission(ofH7N9)sotothatextentitissimilartotheH5N1situation,butitisearlydaysandsothere''salotmoretobeunderstood,"Peirissaid.
Morethan16,000pigcarcasseswerefishedoutoftheriversystemthatsuppliessomeofShanghai''swatersupplyinMarch,apparentlydumpedbyfarmersaftertheyweresickened,andsomeobservershavewonderedwhethertheremightbealinkbetweenthesickenedpigsandthebirdfludeaths.Virologistsalsostudypigsbecausetheycanserveashostsforbirdvirusesandhumanvirusestomixandmutate.
Shanghai''sanimaldiseasepreventionbureauMondaytested34samplestakenfromthedeadpigsbutdidnotfindanybirdfluviruses,statemediareported.
Scientistsclassifyflusbasedontheproteinsonthesurfaceofthevirus:Thereare17varietiesofhemagluttinin,theHinaflu''sname,and10varietiesofneuraminidase,theNcomponent.AnycombinationofthoseHsandNscouldcropupandpotentiallymutateintoaformthat''sspreadeasilyfrompersontoperson,makingitdangerousenoughtoproduceapandemic.
Healthauthoritiesaremonitoring88peoplewhocameintocontactwiththeH7N9patientsandhavenotfoundanyadditionalinfectionssofar,China''shealthagencysaid.Expertssaythatindicatesthatthechanceofhuman-to-humantransmissionislow.
"Itisveryunlikely,becausethevirushastobreakthespeciesbarrierandthisisusuallyquiteadifficultevent.Therehastobealotofsignificantmutation,"saidDavidHui,aninfectiousdiseaseexpertattheChineseUniversityofHongKong.
OneofthemalevictimsofH7N9,whowas87,becameillonFeb.19anddiedonFeb27.Theotherman,27,becameillonFeb.27anddiedonMarch4,theChinesehealthcommissionsaid.A35-year-oldwomanintheAnhuicityofChuzhoubecameillonMarch9.
WHO''sO''Learysaiditwasdifficulttopredictthelethalityofthevirusbutsuchemergingvirusestendedtobemoresevereinhumansandauthoritieswerealwaysonthelookoutforavirusthatmightcauseaseverepandemic.
"Thismaybeadead-end...there''safewsporadiccases,it''shardtotransmittohumansanddoesn''ttransmitfromhumantohuman,"hesaid."Butwhatwewanttowatchoutforiswhetheritisavirusthatisbothseriousforhumansandeasilytransmitted."
Birdflucanbecontained,saynationalofficials
Updated:2013-04-0906:55
ByShanJuan(ChinaDaily)
ChineseofficialsexpressedconfidenceincurbingtheH7N9strainofbirdflu,citinghowthecountryhasbuiltcapacitytodealwithepidemicssincetheSARSoutbreak.
However,thepossibilityofthevirusbeingtransmittedbetweenhumanscannotberuledout,aWorldHealthOrganizationofficialsaid.
LiangWannian,aseniorofficialattheNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommission,discussespreventionandcontrolmeasuresforH7N9birdfluatanewsconferenceonMonday.ZouHong/ChinaDaily??MichaelO''Leary,theWHO''sChinarepresentative,saidsuchapossibilityremainsdespitenooneinclosecontactwiththefirsthumanH7N9caseshavingtestedpositiveforthestrain.
HemadetheremarksatapressconferencewithChina''sNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommissiononMonday.
WiththreemorecasesreportedonMonday,Chinahasrecorded24humancasesofH7N9,sevenofthemfatal.?
ThethreecasesreportedonMondaywereinShanghaiandJiangsuprovince.
A4-year-oldboyinShanghaiwhoonThursdaywasconfirmedinfectedwithH7N9hasrecovered,showingthatnotallhumaninfectionsarecritical.
"Atthistime,thereisnoevidenceofsustainedhuman-to-humantransmissionofthevirus,butnoonecanpredictthefuture,"O''Learyacknowledged,sinceinfluenzavirusescanmutate.
Hestressedtheimportanceofkeepingclosesurveillanceoftheviralactivity.
Ifthevirusmutatestospreadamonghumans,apandemiccouldfollow,epidemiologistswarned.
LiangWannian,directorofthehealthemergencyresponseofficeundertheNationalHealthandFamilyPlanningCommission,said,"Wearecloselymonitoringthesituationandhaveexpandedvirustrackingintomoreareasinthecountry."?
SincetheSARSepidemicin2003,Chinahassetupanationwidesurveillancenetworkcomprisingmorethan500hospitalsand400labs.
MandatoryreportingofunexplainedpneumoniacasesbyhealthauthoritieshashelpedtracktheH7N9virus.
LiangindicatedthatthevirusmightspreadoutsideShanghaiandZhejiang,JiangsuandAnhuiprovinces.
ShuYuelong,directoroftheChineseNationalInfluenzaCenter,saidthatH7N9,comparedwiththeH5N1strainofbirdflu,wasmorelikelytoinfecthumans.
Butfurtherinformationaboutthevirus-howitistransmitted,potentialanimalhostsandhoweasilyitcanspread-remainslimited,hesaid.
Liangisconfidenttheviruscanbecontained,citingstrengthenedvirussurveillanceandenhancedmedicalcapacityinearlydetectionandtreatmentofthedisease.
Hesaidhealthauthoritiesissuedadirectiveprohibitinghospitalsfromdenyingordelayingtreatmentofpatientsforfinancialreasons.
Forotherpartsoftheworld,particularlyneighboringcountries,O''LearyurgedH7N9testingofseriousandunexplainedinfluenzacases.
"Butsofarit''sonlyinasmallnumberofprovincesinChina,"hesaid.
Thevirusappearstospreadmainlyfrombirdstohumansinasporadicway,hesaid.
FengZijian,directorofthehealthemergencycenteroftheChineseCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saidavoidingcontactwithlivepoultrysubstantiallyloweredtherisksofinfection.
Liangsaidvaccinationisnotnecessaryatthemoment.
But"wehaveinitiatedpreparationsforvaccinedevelopment",headded.
Previously,therewasspeculationthatdeadpigsintheHuangpuRivermightberelatedtothenewstrainofvirus.
O''Learydismissedthat.
"Wehavenotconnectedthepigdeathstohumancasesofinfluenza,asthosepigshadtestednegativeforinfluenzaviruses,"hesaid.
Butsurveillanceisunderway.
SirendaVong,medicalofficerinemergingdiseases,surveillanceandresponsefortheWHOChinaOffice,saidthatChinahadalsobeentracingthevirusamongmammals,particularlypigs.
TheevidencesofarpointstopoultryandbirdsasthemainvehicleofH7N9transmission,butothersourcesofinfectionlikemammalscannotbeexcluded,heexplained.
"Theepidemicisstillongoingandwecannotexcludeallthepotentialsofinfectionstoandfrommammals,"hesaid.
Havingbeenselectedasaparents''representativeathisson''sprimaryschoolinShanghai,WangHuanwasinvitedtomakeaspeechattheopeningceremonyforthenewsemester.Astheowneroffourcompanies,Wang,40,isusedtopublicspeakingandhandledhisdutieswell.Hisperformancewonwarmapplausefromtheaudience,includinghis39-year-oldwifeandyoungson.
Whenhewentbacktohisseat,9-year-oldWangXiaotiangavehisfatheraclosehugandabigkiss."Iamthehappiestchildintheworld,"saidthelittleboyashepiledhisparents''handsontopofhisown.
Wangandhiswifesmiledateachotherinatouchingfamilyscenethatwasobservedwithenvybymanyotherparents.
InXiaotian''seyes,hisparentsareawonderfulcouple.Evenafter10yearsofmarriage,theyarealwayspolitetoeachotherandneverquarrel,fight,orevenraisetheirvoices.However,thelittleboyhasonlyobservedasmallpartofhisparents''relationshipandisunawareofthestressesandstrainsontherelationshipcausedbyanepisodethatalmostledtodivorce.
Wang''swifequitherjobaftergivingbirth,meaningthatherhusbandhadtoprovideforallthefamily''sfinancialneeds.Hehasgivenhisfamilythebestlifehecanafford,buthisbusyworkscheduleandtheexpansionofhisbusinesseshaveinevitablyledtohimspendinglessandlesstimewiththefamily,leadingtoanestrangement.
"Ievenfoundithardtofindtopicsthatinterestedusboth,"saidWangHuan''swife.Sheappliedtostudyabroad,hopingtorescuethesituationbyupdatingherknowledgeandexpandingherworldview.
However,tohersurprise,whenshereturnedhomefullofhope12monthslater,shefoundadivorceapplicationwaitingforher.
Wangconfessedthathehadfalleninlovewithanotherwoman,buthiswifeflatlyrefusedtoacceptthedivorcepetition,despitetheofferofalargesumofmoneyascompensation.
Fearingthatgoingtocourtwouldaffecthissonandhisbusiness,WangturnedtoShuXin,adirectoroftheonlinemarriageguidanceprogramWeiqing120andheadoftheChinaMarriageandFamilyCounselingCenter.
"Wang''scaseisverycommonnowadays,"saidShu."Accordingtoourresearch,morethan60percentofmarriagesinChinaareinseriously''poorhealth'',astateofaffairsindicatedbythecoupleshavingnothingtosaytoeachother,alackofpassion,extramaritalaffairsandfrequentquarrelsabouttrivialmatters.Althoughpeoplecanmaintainatroubledrelationship,thetrialsandconflictscanaccumulatetoatoxiclevelandeasilyleadtothemarriagecollapsing."
Shuhadlongtalkswiththetwowomen.HediscoveredthatWang''swifewasapleasant,elegantandknowledgeablewoman,whostilllovedherhusband.Shewasalsodeeplyconcernedaboutthepossibleimpactontheboyifthedivorcewentthrough.
Ontheotherhand,Wang''slover,inherearly30s,hadnoideahowtohandleasmallchildorlivewithanextendedfamily.
"ItoldWangmythoughtsonthetwowomen.Mywordsseemedtoremindhimofsomethingandhemurmuredthathewouldthinkthingsover,"saidShu."Tofurtherhelphimmakeadecision,Iaskedthewomentoeachwritealettercontainingthewordstheymostwantedtosaytohim.Unsurprisingly,Wangwasmovedtotearsafterhe''dreadtheletterhiswifehadwritten.Hetoldmethattheyhadbeenforcedtoovercomegreatdifficultiestogetmarriedandhadexperiencedmanyhappydaysinthepast."
Thestoryhasahappyending;Wang''sloveragreedtoendtheaffair,butonlyafterheboughtheraproperty.
"ThankstoShu''shelpImadetherightdecision.NowIgetonwellwithmywife,justlikewhenwewerefirstmarried.Mysonreallyenjoysthetimewespendtogether,"saidWang.
Shusaid,"It''sonlywhenamarriagehasdescendedtoalevelwheretherearenowordstosayandloveandsexdon''texistanymore,thatIwillpronounceadeathsentenceonit.Aftertwodecadesofresearch,Irealizethatmostdivorcesareavoidable,evenifthemarriageisdeeplytroubled."
?40岁的王欢在今年三月被推选为学生家长代表在儿子新学年的开学典礼上发言。作为一个四家公司的负责人，见惯了大场面的他发言非常精彩，台下报以热烈的掌声，而这其中就有他的妻子李爽和儿子田田。
回到座位上他九岁的儿子田田给了他一个大大的拥抱，而且高兴的说自己是世界上最幸福的孩子。坐在爸妈中间的田田把他们的手握在一起放在自己的腿上，王欢和妻子对视而笑，这一幕让旁边很多的家长艳羡不已。
在田田眼中他的父母就是天生一对，因为虽然已经结婚十年了但是他们依然相敬如宾，从不争吵甚至跟对方特别大声的讲话。但是田田不知道他可能只是注意到了爸爸妈妈关系中的一部分，并不知道其实他们也有过关系非常紧张的阶段甚至差一点离婚。
李爽在田田出生后就辞职做了全职太太照顾家和孩子，家里的所有开支都由丈夫负责。男主外女主内，一家其乐融融生活在上海。王欢的生意越做越大，公司也由一个变成四个，但与此同时他回家陪在孩子和妻子身边的时间却越来越少了。
李爽渐渐发现除了儿子，他们之间居然找不到都感兴趣的话题可以交谈下去。她觉得或许是自己长期在家与社会脱节导致的，为了缓解这种尴尬的局面，她申请去国外充电。
一年期满，正当她满心欢喜回国的时候，迎来的却不是丈夫的热情，而是一纸冰冷的离婚协议书。王欢承认他爱上了另外一个女人。
尽管王欢承诺只要李爽同意离婚他会给她一大笔钱作为补偿，但是李爽还是坚决不签字。
害怕闹到法庭会影响到孩子和自己的生意，王欢找到维情网负责人，中国婚姻家庭咨询服务研究中心主任，婚姻情感问题处理专家舒心老师帮忙。
“像王先生这种情况现在社会上很普遍。据我们中心的统计数据显示目前我国60%的婚姻都处在严重的亚健康状态。这些家庭的夫妻双方“无话可说”或“缺乏热情”，出现婚外情，但又没有恶化到婚姻破裂的地步。其实这是一种潜在的婚姻危机，一旦处理不当便会导致家庭破。”舒心介绍说。
舒心分别跟李爽和另外那个女人进行了长谈。长谈之后舒心发现王欢的妻子好多方面其实都占优。说话得体、学历高、人很漂亮也很有气质，更主要的是她深深的爱着丈夫和孩子。而另一个女人显然也是陷入热恋之中，但是对未来特别是要当一个九岁孩子的妈妈毫无准备。
舒心说，他把自己对两个女人的看法完完整整的告诉了王欢。为了帮助他做决定，舒心还让两个人同时给王欢写封信里面是最想对他说的话。
“如我所料，王欢在看了妻子的信后哭着说我都忘了我们曾经有那么多美好的日子，我们走到一起多么不容易。”舒心说，“他们的结局不错，王最终选择回归家庭，给了女孩一套房子作为补偿。”
“我跟妻子又找回了刚结婚时的感觉。现在有空我们就一起出去玩，儿子特别喜欢我们三口在一起。”王欢说舒老师帮了他的大忙，让他的婚姻起死回生。
但是舒心认为，那是因为他的婚姻还没到非离不可的程度，他只是从中起到了润滑剂的作用。在舒心看来除了一个婚姻同时满足“无性”、“无爱”、“无话”的三个标准，绝大部分的离婚如果婚姻当事人通过科学咨询和服务干预后，其实都 |
|
