教师姓名钟艳青主备人钟艳青年级九年级上课时间20180419学科英语课题名称完形填空专题教学目标了解中考完形填空的考试形式和 常考点,掌握完形填空的做题方法。教学重点完型填空解题方法。教学难点词汇搭配,同义词,近义词,或反义词。动词时态,句型结构,复合句的 关联和习惯用法等的掌握。完形填空专题教学过程考情考项分析“完形填空”旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力。其中涵盖词语搭配、 近义词辨析、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法,又考查逻辑推理和事理推断能力。近几年中考的完形填空仍是选择题型。体裁上有记 叙文为主、也有议论文、说明文。题材上以思想、文化、商业、生活为主,同时涉及其他话题。设空主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。其他偶尔 有代词、连词、介词短语。完形填空要求填入的词归类1.语法结构所要求的功能词。如:连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。 2.具有语法变化的普通词。如:动词的时态、语态、语气,名词的数,代词的格,形容词和副词的等级等。3.固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。 4.同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5.根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。三、“完形填空”题解题策略1.浏览—快速浏览,了解大意 (跳过空格,不要看选项)。快速阅读一下全文,领会大意,正确分析、归纳文章主旨。2.试填—瞻前顾后,先易后难,各个击破。先易后难, 逐层深入。在理解文章大意基础上,对每道题所给的词语进行剖析,考虑语境,上下呼应,运用逻辑思维进行推理,再根据自己最有把握的、最熟悉 的短语、习惯用语、动词形式和句子结构等,先完成简单的,把难的留在后面。(注意不会的题要做标记)。3.攻难—再细读全文,集中精力解 决难点,填补空缺。4.检查—复读全文,确保语意连贯,用词准确。试填后,再耐心通读全文,认真复查所选答案是否得当,语法是否正确,逻 辑推理是否合理。四、完形填空解题技巧技巧1、充分利用文章中有提示作用的词。这是完型填空解题时最常用的方法之一。?这些词可以是原词 复现、同义词、近义词或反义词,?也可以是并列连词或转折连词等等。试看以下例题:原词复现:[例1]Agrasshopper(蚱 蜢)wasplayingtheviolinwhenhesawsomeantsbusy41food.“ Whyareyouworkingonsuchabeautifulday?”heasked.“Wemust collectfoodnow,”saidthequeenoftheants.“Ifwedon’t,what willwedowhenwintercomes?”41.A.plantingB.collectingC.mak ingD.producing解析:根据下段首句collectfood,可知于蚂蚁需要“收集”食物。反义词:[例2]Many peoplethinkthatlisteningisapassivebusiness.Itisjustth e51one.Listeningwellisanactiveexerciseofourattention andhardwork.A.positiveB.oppositeC.sameD.wrong近义词[例3]Iremem berasachildIsaidsomething________aboutsomebodyandmyfat hersaid“Anytimeyousaysomethingunpleasantaboutsomebodyelse ,it’sareflectionofyou.”A.unkindB.unnecessaryC.unimportant D.unusual转折词[例4]Mymainresponsibilitieswereclearingtables,_ _______sometimesIhelpedcook.A.orB.soC.butD.even解析:答案B.本题 中前面说我的主要职责是…..,后面应该填写和main有转折意思的词,但是有时候也做饭。Keys:例一B,例二B,例三A, 例四C技巧2、词语之间的习惯搭配,或固定搭配。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态,即所谓的“习语”,不能随意改动。所以,考生平时 应掌握好习惯用法和固定短语并记忆。[例1]Theycouldn’treadorwrite.Theydidn’t liketoworkandtheynever____baths.A.tookB.washedC.ranD. covered解析:答案A.本题考查的是固定搭配takeabath,意为“洗澡”。[例2]Amonthafterh ewasborn,hismothernoticedthathiseyesweren''tas_______as anormalbaby''s.A.bigB.biggerC.biggestD.thebiggest解析:考查形容词的等级及用 法。此处是“as+adj./adv.+as...”结构,表示“和……一样”,其中adj.和adv.都用原级。故A项正确。技巧3、结 合常识,明辨真伪。结合各类生活常识和科学常识,选择出正确且符合逻辑的选择。对于这类题,考生平时要做生活中的有心人,留心各种社会现象 ,积累丰富的生活知识。[例1]Butweransomuchthat,afterwards,wehadtroubl e_________.A.speakingB.movingC.sleepingD.breathing解析:根据常识,跑步 太快时,人们会呼吸很困难,所以答案是(D)。技巧4、根据词汇意义和用法,辨析词义。选项中四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完型填空命题时 常用的手段之一。词义辨析法考查的面广,该内容也是英语学习中的一个难点;要做到准确选择,必须在一定的语境或句子中理解,这一方法是我们 必须要掌握的。词义辨析法包括各种词性的考查,如名词、介词、代词、动词、形容词等。[例题]InEngland,peopled on’tlike__1___verymuch.Youcangoonabus,__2___onatrain ,andpeoplejustsitlooking__3___thewindows.Oftentheyread. Theyreadbooksandnewspapers.Buttheydon’ttalk…….1.A.laugh ingB.goingoutC.talkingD.playing2.A.orB.andC.eitherD.but3. A.fromB.throughC.atD.outofKeys:例一C,例二1C2A3D技巧5、根据作者的 观点、态度推断。推断类题在完形填空中是最常见的,考生首先要弄清楚主人公身份,所处环境等,进而理解语境,体悟作者的观点、态度来确定选 项。[例1]Lifeisvery_______,sodon’trushtomakedecisions.Li fedoesn’tletyouplan.A.hardB.busyC.shortD.long解析:答案D.本题中说 不要着急做决定,体悟作者表达的意思是:生命很长,不要着急….。[例2]HetoldhisdadthatKatewas scratching(划损)thenewlyboughtcarwithanail.MrSmithranou tsideandbecamevery________assoonashesawit.A.?happyB.?ang ryC.?braveD.?relaxed解析:答案B.本题中Kate划坏了车,所以故事的主人公应该很生气。[例3]Therew asonlyonewaytomakemoney,andthatwasto_____it.Hewould havetofindajob.A.?borrowB.?earnC.?raiseD.?save[例4]Onmyfir stdayatschool,theotherkidsmadefunofmebecauseofmyhear ingaidandthewayItalked.IwashurtdeeplyandIsawmyself asa(n)______kid.A.uglyB.smartC.handsome解析:由关键词“madefunof me”和“Iwashurtdeeply”可知,“我”把我自己看成一个“丑陋”的孩子。故A项正确。Keys:例一D,例二 B,例三B,例四A技巧6、仔细分析长难句。找出句子主干,主从句,定语状语等。[例1]The?children?born?i n?the?village?and?left?hopeless?for?lack?of?access?to?education?_ _________our?sympathy.??A.needsB.hadC.makeD.deserve解析:虽然本句子的成分 较少,结构较清晰,但要注意的是后置定语部分很长,划分时容易出错。The?children?born?in?the?village ?and?left?hopeless?for?lack?of?access?to?education?主语 后置定语_________our?sympathy.?谓语宾语翻译:那些出生在偏远山 村、由于没有上学的机会而绝望的孩子们值得我们同情。本句缺少谓语,根据句意,应该填deserve.Key:C技巧7、做完后一定要检 查全文,仔细推敲。填完空格后,把答案放回短文的空格处,将弥补完整的全文从头至尾读一遍,以确保上下文的顺畅合理。有些答案局部看来很合 理,有些觉得语感搭配很顺口,但是注意从上下文的语言联系来看又充满了矛盾,这时候应该做到局部服从整体,对所选的答案进行及时的修改。填 完所有的空格以后,对于短文的含义和结构,已经有了比较清晰的了解,这时候在校对的过程当中,对于一些难以作出最后抉择的这种空格往往比较 容易选出正确答案。专题精讲AIII.(2017·贵州六盘水)完形填空。阅读短文,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填在相应空白 处的最佳选项。(共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)Ifyouoftenhaveacold,headache,orb ackache,thereissomethingwrongwithyourhealth.Eatinghealth yfood46goodforourhealth.Tofu,milk,vegetablesareheal thyforus.Tofuisakindofcommon47food.Weoften48it inChina.Nowmoreandmorepeople49othercountriesthinkt ofuisgoodforhealth,50.Theyalsolikeeatingit.Milkis 51kindofhealthyfood.Everydayyoushould52oneortwo glassesofmilk.Itcankeepus53.Vegetablesareveryimport ant.Youshouldeat54them,theyarenutritious(有营养的).Aswekn ow,it’simportanttokeepabalanceddiet(均衡饮食).Wemusthavethe rightkindsoffood.Weshouldalsoeatsomepork,chickenandb eef.Weshouldeatmorefruitandvegetables55lessmeat.46. A.areB.wasC.willbeD.is47.A.JapaneseB.AmericanC.EnglishD. Chinese48.A.eatB.drinkC.takeD.play49.A.forB.withC.inD. at50.A.tooB.alsoC.neitherD.either51.A.theotherB.otherC. anotherD.others52.A.drinkingB.drinkC.takeD.totake53.A.st rongB.weakC.thinD.heavy54.A.alotB.plentyC.muchD.alotof 55.A.asB.neverC.butD.though题材:健康饮食【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章首先告诉我们,要想 保持身体健康,必须吃健康的食物——豆腐、牛奶、蔬菜等,接着文章分别介绍了豆腐、牛奶和蔬菜的好处。文章最后强调平衡饮食对健康非常重要 。46.D【解析】考查动词的时态。动名词短语eatinghealthyfood作主语,应看作单数,句子谓语动词也用单数。故选 D。47.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。从下一句中inChina知,本句句意为“豆腐是一种很平常的中国食物”。故选D。48. A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。eat吃;drink喝;take拿;play玩。句意:我们在中国经常吃豆腐。故选A。49.C【解析】 考查介词用法辨析。句意:现在在别的国家有越来越多的人认为豆腐对健康有益。“在别的国家里”用inothercountries表达 。故选C。50.A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:现在在别的国家有越来越多的人也认为豆腐对健康有益。too也,用于肯定句或疑问句 ,一般放在句末;also用于肯定句,一般放在句中;neither也不,通常放在句末;either也,一般用于否定句,位于句末。本句 为肯定句,排除C、D;且所填词位于句末,排除B。故选A。51.C【解析】考查不定代词辨析。theother(两者中)剩下的;o ther(单数)(两者中)别的,其他的;another另外一个;others(复数)别的,其他的。句意:牛奶是另外一种健康的食物。 故选C。52.B【解析】考查非谓语动词及动词词义辨析。句意:每天你应该喝一两杯牛奶。drink喝;take拿。should为情态 动词,其后应用动词原形。故选B。53.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。strong强壮的;weak虚弱的;thin瘦弱的;heav y胖的,重的。句意:牛奶会使我们保持强壮。故选A。54.D【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:蔬菜非常重要,你应多吃它们。分析句子结构知 ,所填词应修饰代词them,而alot,plenty修饰名词或代词时,其后应加介词of,排除A、B;much只能修饰不可数名词 ,排除C。故选D。55.C【解析】考查并列连词用法。as当……时候;never从不;but但是;though尽管。句意:我们应吃 更多的水果和蔬菜,而少吃肉。前后意思构成“转折”关系。故选C。B(2017·湖南衡阳)完形填空。通读短文,掌握大意,然后从A、 B、C三个选项中选择正确答案填空。(共10小题,计10分)Haveyoueverheardofe-waste(elect ricwaste,电子垃圾)?HowdoyoudealwithyourMP4players,mobileph onesandyourcomputerwhenthey’rebrokenoryouwantanewone? ?Mostpeoplejustthrowthemaway.Withthe21ofelectricind ustry,e-wastepollutionhasbecomeaseriousproblem.According totheUnitedNations,in2014,peoplearoundtheworldproduced 41.8milliontonsofe-wasteandonly22lessthan20%ofit. TheUSwas23waster,producing7.1milliontons.Chinacamese cond,246milliontons.?It’simportanttopayattentiontoe- waste.Itcan25bevaluableorharmful,dependingonhowwedea lwithit.E-wasteisavaluableurbanmine(城市矿藏).Thevalueoft hemetals,likegoldandsilveris26.Andthemetalscanber eused.Butifpeoplethrowthemaway,thetoxicchemicals(有毒化学物质) can27theearthorair,theywillaffecttheenvironmentand people’shealth.Now,?Applerecyclespeople’susedproductsinC hinawhentheyarebuyingnewones.Thecompanywilltestandrep airtheused28andsellthematlowerprices.29e-waste,w ecanalsotakecomputersandphonestosee30companiesoffer recyclingprograms.()21.A.developingB.developedC.developmen t()22.A.recycledB.rebuiltC.researched()23.A.bigB.bigge rC.thebiggest()24.A.duringB.withC.between()25.A.bothB .eitherC.neither()26.A.amazingB.disappointingC.boring() 27.A.getupB.getintoC.geton()28.A.themB.thoseC.ones( )29.A.ToincreaseB.ToreduceC.Tokeep()30.A.thatB.where C.whether题材:热点话题【主旨大意】本文讲了电子垃圾,随着电子工厂的快速发展,电子垃圾污染也成了一个严峻的问题,因为电子 垃圾会污染我们的生态环境以及影响我们的身体健康。故回收利用电子产品,减少电子垃圾变得格外重要。21.C【解析】考查名词和形容词辨 析,根据后面名词所有格of的结构可知此空应该要用名词,developing和developed为形容词,development为名 词,故选C。22.A【解析】考查动词辨析,根据语境“peoplearoundtheworldproduced41.8 milliontonsofe-waste.”可推知,仅仅不超过20%的垃圾被回收,recycled为“再利用,回收利用”故 选A.23.C【解析】考查形容词辨析,根据下句“Chinacamesecond”可知美国是最大的浪费者,所以要用最高级。故选 C.24.B【解析】考查介词辨析,根据语意,中国位于第二,有六百万吨。with“具有,带有”故选B。25.B【解析】考查代词 辨析固定搭配either....or....“或者......或者......“Itcaneitherbevaluab leorharmful,dependingonhowwedealwithit.”句意:它或是有价值的,或是有害的 ,取决于我们如何处理它。故选B。26.A【解析】考查形容词辨析,根据语境可知,金属的价值是令人惊异的。故选A.27.B【解析 】考查动词词组辨析,根据“Butifpeoplethrowthemaway,thetoxicchemicalsc an___theearthorair”句意,要是人们把它扔了,可推知,那么有害物质肯定会进入土壤或空气中。getint o“进入,陷入”故选B。28.C【解析】考查代词辨析,根据“Applerecyclespeople’susedprodu ctsinChinawhentheyarebuyingnewones.”在中国,当人们想买新的苹果产品时,苹果公 司会回收他们的旧产品。可知,ones代指苹果产品.29.B【解析】考查代词辨析,根据语境,不定式表目的,目的是为了减少电子垃圾, 故选B。30.C【解析】考查连词辨析,根据语境的含义,故选C.C(2017·新疆阜康)三、完形填空。(共10小题;每题1分,满 分10分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D选项中,选出最佳选项。Dorightthingsatth epropertime,orit’stoolatetoregretforwhathaspassed.A grasshopper(蚱蜢)wasplayingtheviolinwhenhesawsomeantsbusy 41food.“Whyareyouworkingonsuchabeautifulday?”heas ked.“Wemustcollectfoodnow,”saidthequeenoftheants.“If wedon’t,whatwillwedowhen42comes?”“Oh,winterisalon gwayoff,”saidthegrasshopper.“Youtakelifemuchtoo43.” “Butyoumust44todayifyouwanttoeattomorrow,”saidthe littleant.“Youcanplayyourviolinafteryou’vefinishedyour work.”Thegrasshopperdidn’twanttofollowher45.Hewent away,singing.Springsoonpassedandthewarmsummercame.Alld aylongthegrasshopperplayedthe46.Soonsummerwasover.A ndthenautumnpassed,too.Onemorning,thegrasshopperwokeup andwas47tofindthatsnowhadfallenduringthenight.“Why ?Hadthelongwintercome?”hesaidtohimself.Thegrasshopperw anderedaroundlookingforaplacetokeep48buttherewasno suchplace.“How49Iwasnottolistentotheants.WhileIam dyingofcoldand50theyaresittingintheirwarmnestwith plentytoeat.”Thegrasshopperwassoonfrozenstiff(冻僵的).The antspickedhimupandcarriedhimtotheirnest.Thegrasshoppe rlearnedalessonhewouldneverforget.41.A.plantingB.collec tingC.makingD.producing42.A.SpringB.SummerC.AutumnD.Winter 43.A.grantedB.slowC.easyD.seriously44.A.sleepB.playC.wor kD.relax45.A.stepsB.adviceC.patternD.request46.A.violi nB.drumsC.chessD.guitar47.A.gladB.surprisedC.anxiousD.sh ame48.A.quietB.cleanC.silentD.warm49.A.sillyB.cleverC.he lplessD.useful50.A.influenceB.prideC.regretD.hunger【主旨大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了一只蚱蜢整天弹琴唱歌不去工作,蚂蚁劝告无果。最后冬季来临,蚱蜢被冻僵,善良的蚂蚁救援了他,这给蚱蜢上了深 深的一课。本故事说明在合适的时节做应该做的事情,否则,错过时节才醒悟为时已晚。【答案解析】41.B根据下段首句collect food,可知于蚂蚁需要“收集”食物。42.D根据下句Oh,winterisalongwayoff可知,此处 指冬季,句意“如果我们不工作,冬季来了,我们该做什么”。43.D前文介绍蚂蚁建议每天蚱蜢收集过冬食物,推知蚱蜢认为冬季还 太遥远,故会说“不要把生活看到太严重”。44.C根据下句“你可以在工作后,再玩耍”,推知本句意“如果明天你想吃饭,今天必 须工作”。45.B上文介绍蚂蚁劝告蚱蜢工作,所以此句意是“蚱蜢不想接受她的建议”。46.A根据第二段首句Agra sshopperwasplayingtheviolin可知,这只蚱蜢每天弹“小提琴”。47.B一直认为冬季会遥遥 无期的蚱蜢早上醒来,发现在夜间雪已经来临,故会感觉“吃惊”。如果没有阅读下面蚱蜢自言自语的内容,本题容易误选C项,表示蚱蜢看到突然 下雪,知道冬季来临感到焦虑。48.D冬天来临了,下雪了,故蚱蜢需要找个“温暖的”御寒之所。49.A根据上句蚱蜢找不到避 寒之地,故此时他明白不接受蚂蚁的劝告是多么的“愚蠢”。50.D根据下句theyaresittingintheirw armnestwithplentytoeat.可知,相比蚂蚁坐在温暖的巢内有大量的持物,蚱蜢认为自己会死于寒冷和饥饿。 完形练习(2017·新疆乌鲁木齐)Ⅶ.完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)阅读短文,从41-50各题所给的A、B、C 、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Onceananimalexpertdidsomeresearchon antelopes(羚羊).Theseantelopeswerelivingonbothsidesofar iverinSouthAfrica.Theexpert__41__thattheantelopesonthe eastsidemultiplied(繁殖)moreandranfasterthan__42__onthe west.Theexpertdidn’tgetthereasonaboutthedifferencesafte rthinkinghard,asthetwogroupsantelopeslivedin__43__envi ronmentandtheyfedonthesamekindofgrass.Oneyear,__44__t hehelpoftheAnimalProtectingSociety,hecaughttenantelopes oneachsideand__45__them.Ayearlater,thetenantelopesth atweresenttothewestsidemultipliedbyfourteen.__46__how abouttheantelopessenttotheeast?Onlythreeremained!Where were__47__seven?Theywereeatenbywolves.Atlasttheexpertu nderstoodwhytheantelopesontheeastwere__48__.Thatwasbec ausetherewereagroupofwolves—theirnaturalenemy,onthe_ _49__side.Sothanksmustgotoyouropponents(对手).Itisyour opponentsthatare__50__you.It’strue!41.A.hascoveredB .coveredC.hasdiscoveredD.discovered42.A.they B.thoseC.themD.that43.A.different B.sameC.thesameD.differences44.A.with B.withoutC.underD.by45.A.changed B.exchangedC.challengedD.fed46.A.But B.ThoughC.SoD.Or47.A.other B.theotherC.othersD.theothers48.A.weak B.weakerC.strongD.stronger49.A.south B.northC.eastD.west50.A.improvin gB.hurtingC.comparingD.disappointing41-45D BCAB46-50ABDCA(2017·重庆B卷)March22ndisWorldWater Day.Itstartedin1993.Itnotonlymakesusthinkabouttheimp ortanceofwater,butalsocallson(号召)usto39andprotectw ater.Today,we’refacingterriblewaterproblems.Amongthem,wa stewaterproblemisespecially40.AndthesubjectofWorldWater Dayin2017is“wastewater”.Whatiswastewater?Itisusedwate r.Usually,wastewatercomesfromhomes,41,hospitalsandsoo n.Itisproducedbydifferentkindsofactivities,includingwas hingthemachined,takingshowersandusingthekitchen.Therain also42wastewaterwhenitisrunningdownthestreetduringastorm.Nomatterwhereitcomesfrom,thiskindofwaterissuretohave43harmfulinit.44mustwetreat(处理)wastewater?Wastewaterhasabiginfluenceonourlife.Itcausesbothillnessforus,andpollutionfortheenvironment.Wemustcareforourenvironmentandourown45.Howcanwetreatwastewater?Differentkindsofwastewaterneeddifferentwaysoftreatment.Wastewater46homescanbereused.Thentherewillbe47wastewater.Also,factorywastewaterhastobecleaned48itgoesbacktonature.39.A.drinkB.saveC.carryD.watch40.A.easyB.popularC.smallD.serious41.A.factoriesB.lakesC.riversD.seas42.A.getsbackB.handsinC.changesintoD.picksup43.A.nothingB.somethingC.nobodyD.somebody44.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhyD.How45.A.workB.interestC.healthD.business46.A.onB.forC.withD.from47.A.lessB.moreC.betterD.worse48.A.andB.whetherC.afterD.before39-43BDACB44-48CCDAD茅竹镇中学九年级英语复习教案1 |
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