ByMsWuYingfen一、短文填空题型说明短文填空也叫综合填空，其特点是将一篇短文中的若干个词抽出后，要求考生
根据短文的意思，在每个空格中填上一个词，使短文意思完整正确。它是测试学生的理解能力及对词汇、语法和习惯用法等掌握情况的一种形式。
短文填空是中考试题里一个比较难的项目，究其原因有以下：1、考点不明确：凡涉及到英文的理解、词汇、语法和习惯用法的都
可以考。2、内容包罗万象：天文地理、历史人文、科技发展、旅游广告等有可能考到。短文填空要求学生在读通、读懂的基础
上，填出符合短文内容和语法规则的词或词组。凡是课文中学到的词汇和语法都是考试的范围，各种介词、副词和习惯用法也会经常考到。尤其对于
长句子，特别要注意其结构，要精确地分析句子成分。在做短文填空时，要养成快速阅读全文的习惯。句子读得越快越长，理解的精度就越高。二
、短文填空解题思路1、跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，
善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2、复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短
文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填
词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。3、三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在
短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确
无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。三、做短文填空题的注意之处1、语义完整、适用是做好填词的前提，要从全文的内容
出发，前后上下联系起来考虑，避免“只见树木，不见森林”的错误。2、要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索，从中得到提示和启发，
帮助确定应填词的词性和词形，这样可避免想当然地随意乱填。3、填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑
其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其
首字母的大写。4、有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。Exercis
eOneAbarber(理发师)wasworkingwhenamancameinwithabo
yafterhim.Thebarberwasaskedtogivehimashave(刮脸)andth
e1____ahaircut(理发).2_____themanhadhisshave,he3___
_thebarberthathewouldliketogodownthestreetforadrink
whenthebarbercuttheboy’s4____.Themanalsopromisedthat
hewouldbeback5_____.It6_____thebarberlongtogiveth
eboyahaircut.Anotherhalfanhour7______andtheboywassti
llwaiting.Intheend,thebarberaskedtheboy8____hisfather
wasawaysolong.Theboytoldthebarberthatthemanwasn
othis9______atall.Hesaidhemethiminthestreetandwasa
skedifhewouldliketohaveahaircut.He10______andfollowed
themanhereforahaircut.hairsoonpassedwhyfatheragreedA
ftertoldboytookExerciseTwoEverydaysomepeoplearekil
ledwhiletheyarecrossingtheroad.Mostofthemareoldpeople
and1________.Oldpeopleareoftenkilled2_______theycan’ts
eeorhearverywell.Childrenareoftenkilledbecausetheyare
not3_______enough.Theyforgettolookandlistenbeforethey4
_____theroad.Acarorabuscan’tstopquickly.Ifitisg
oingvery5_____,itwilltravelmanymetres6______itstops.So
mepeopledon’talwaysunderstandthis.They7_____acarcansto
pinafewmetres.Itisdifficultto8_____howfastacarismo
ving.Theonlywaytocrosstheroadssafelyistolook9_____wa
ys,rightandleft.Theniftheroadsareempty,you10____cross
.becausechildrenfastthinkcarefulcrossbeforeknowbothcan
ExerciseThreeManyyearsago,anEnglishfamilylivedinChi
na.Oneevening,animportantChineseofficercameto1_____them
.Itgotlaterandlater,andhe2_____didn’tgo,thehostessh
adtoinvitehimtohave3______withthem.Butshehadverylitt
le4_____inthehouse,soshewenttothekitchenandspoketoh
erChinesecook.Thecooksaid,“Itisallright.Youwillhavea
verygooddinner.”Aftertheyallsatdowntoeat,thelady
wasvery5_________becausetherewaslotsofgoodfoodonthe6_
____.Aftertheofficer7____,thehostessrantothekitchen
andaskedthecook,“8_____didyoumakesuchagoodmealinhal
fanhour?”“I9______makeit,madam,”hesaid,“Iaskedone
oftheservants(仆人)togototheChineseofficer’shouse,and
he10________backtheChineseofficer’sdinner.”visitleftHow
didn’tbroughtstilldinnerfoodsurprisedtableExerciseFour
Lighttravelsataspeed(速度)of300,000kilometersinasecond
.It’saboutamilliontimes1_____thanthatofsound,forsound
travelsonly3402______inasecond.Youcanunderstandthisbi
gdifference3____watchingthestartofarunningmatch.Ifyou
standfaraway4_____thestarter(发令员),youcan5____thesmoke
comingfromhisgunbeforethesoundreachesyour6____.Thefast
speedoflightproducessomestrangefacts.Theneareststaris
sofarawayfromtheearththatthelightfromit7_____fouryea
rstoreachus.Thelightfromsomeotherstarsbegantotravelt
otheearthevenbeforeyouwereborn.So,ifyouwanttobehone
st(诚实),you8_____say,“Thestarsareshiningbrightlytonight
.”Youhavetosay,“Thestarslooknice.Theywereshiningmany
years9____,buttheirlighthasjust10_______ourplanet.fast
ermetersbyearsfromseereachedcan’tagotakesExerciseFive
MrBrownhadanumbrellashopinasmalltown.Peopleusually
1_______newumbrellashere,andsometimestheybroughthim2___
__brokenumbrellas.ThenMrBrowntookthemtomendinabigsho
pinLondon.Oneday,MrBrownwenttoLondonbytrain.He3_
_____totakeanumbrellawithhimthatday.Anoldmanwassitti
ngnexttohimwithanumbrellastandingbytheseat.Whenthetr
ainarrivedinLondon,Mr.Brown4______uptheumbrellaasheof
tendidduringhisjourneybytrain.Justashewasgetting5____
_,theoldman6_______himandsaidangrily,“That’smyumbrella
,notyours!”Mr.Brown’sface7______redandhegavetheumbrel
labacktothemanatonce.WhenMrBrowngottothebigshop,th
eshopkeeperhadgothissixumbrellasready.Afteragoodlooka
teachofthem,hesaidtotheshopkeeper,“You’ve8________them
verywell.”Intheafternoon,MrBrowntookthetrainhome9
_____theumbrellas.Tohis10________,theoldmanwassittingn
exttohimagain.HelookedatMrBrownandthesixumbrellas,“Y
ou’vehadaluckyday,”hesaid.boughttheirpickedoffstopped
forgotturnedmendedsurprisewithExerciseSixHerearesome
oldwaystosendmessagesinthepast.AnEgyptian(埃及人)put
hiseartotheground.He1______thehorsescomingthisway.Th
enheranto2_____hispeople.Hewasaguard.Thatwasoneway
3_____Egyptianstosendmessages.Peopleinothercountries
sentmessages,too.4______enemiescame,oneman5_____hisdru
m.Inthenextvillage,peopleheardthedrumandbeattheirdrum
s,too.Themessageswent6_____villagetovillagebydrum.
Muchmore,somearmies(军队)keptmanypigeons(鸽子).Thesepigeon
salways7_____back.Whenasoldierwassentfarawayfromhiso
wnarmyhemighttakeapigeonalong.Hecouldtieamessagetot
hebird’s8____.Itwouldflyback9_____thesoldier’smessage.
Thesearetheoldwaystosendmessages.Canyouthinkof10____
_______ways?Whenfromlegforbeatheardtoldflewwithother/
moreExerciseSevenThomasEdisonwasagreatAmericaninven
tors.Whenhewasachild,hewasalways1_______questionsand
tryingoutnewideas.Nomatter(无论)howharditwas,he2______
gaveup.YoungTomwasinschool3_____onlythreemonths.Histe
acherdidn’tunderstand4_____hehadsomanystrangequestions.
Andmostofthequestionswerenotabouthislessons.Theteacher
didn’twantto5_______Tomanymore.HeaskedTom’smothertot
aketheboyhome.Tom’smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite,and
shefound6_____tobeaverygoodpupil.Helearntveryfastandbecamevery7__________inscience.Oneday,Tom8_____alittleboyplayingontherailwaytracksatastation.Atrainwascomingnearquickly,andtheboywastoo9__________tomove.Tomrushedoutandcarriedtheboytosafety.Theboy’sfatherwassothankfulthathetaughtTomto10_____messagesbytelegraph.ThathelpedTomwalkintothemagicworldofscience.neverforwhyteachhimsendfrightenedaskinginterestedsaw |
|
