TheoryandpracticeofcityimagebyKevinlynchAbstract：Kevinlynch,
afamousscholarofurbandesign,initiatedtheeraofresearcho
nurbanimageandplaysanimportantroleinthetheoryofurban
planning.WiththeconstructionofbeautifulruralplanninginCh
ina,thereisasituationthatthetraditionalruralimageislos
tandthestylequalitydeclinesinthecurrentsituationofrura
llandscape[1].Therefore,intherelevantplanninganddesign,
theapplicationofurbanimageisalsoextensive.Inthecoursew
ork,Ialsohavesomeunderstandingandapplicationofthistheor
y.Keywords：Planninganddesign;Cityimage;Ruralimagery;Local
characteristics0.LeadAttheturnofthe19thand20thcenturies
,urbanplanningintheUnitedStateswasbasedonthetraditiona
lurbanlandscapedesignmethodandthetheoryofruralcity.Urb
andesignisemphasizedtocreateabeautifulandorderlyenviron
ment.Bythe1950sand1960s,the"formdeterminism"indesignwa
sfacingthepublicchallengeandstrongchallengefromsociologi
sts.[2]againstthisbackground,Kevinlynch,anexpertinurban
planninganddesignintheUnitedStates,publishedabookcalle
d"urbanimagery"combiningwiththeinvestigationandanalysiso
f"urbanimagery"ofBoston,jerseycityandLosAngeles.1.Urban
imagetheory"Ahighlyimageablecity(visible,readable,orvisi
ble)shouldlookappropriate,unique,andunusual,andshouldatt
ractvisualandauditoryattentionandengagement,"writesKevin
lynch."Thiskindofcityhasahighlycontinuousform,withmany
distinctpartsclearlyconnectedtoeachother,andcanbeunder
stoodgradually.[3]inlynch''sconcept,thearbitrarinessneeds
tobebuiltonacertainspatialsequence,thatis,the"unity"a
nd"continuity"thatheemphasizedagainandagaininthebook.I
faseriesof"readable"imageelementscanbearrangedinanord
erlymannerinthecity,thenanumberofenvironmentalimagesth
atarecombinedwithinasystemcanjointlyestablisharecogniza
bleoverallstructure.1.1conceptofcityimageTheso-calledcity
imagereferstothedirectorindirectexperienceandcognition
ofthesurroundingenvironmentcausedbytheinfluenceofthesur
roundingenvironmentontheresidents.Itistheimpressionofth
ecitythatcanberecalledbythehumanbrainthroughimaginatio
n,anditisalsothe"subjectiveenvironment"spaceintheminds
oftheresidents.Inacity,mosturbanresidentshaveacommon
impressionoftheareaswheretheyhopetoreachagreementinthe
interactionofasinglephysicalentity,acommonculturalbackg
roundandabasicphysiologicalfeature.Thisisthe"publicimag
e",whichiswhaturbanplannersareinterestedinandareeager
tocreateanenvironmentthatcanbeusedbymanypeople[4].1.2
fiveelementsofcityimageAnimportantcontributionofKevinlyn
chinthefieldofurbanimageresearchistoputforwardthefiv
eelementsofurbanimage--road,boundary,region,nodeandlan
dmark,aswellasasetofimageabletheoryanddesignmethodolog
ycomposedofthesefiveelements.Manyresearchershaveapplied
thismethodtotheruralimage,especiallytheresearchresultso
btainedfromtheanalysisofvillagespace,whicharealsoofgre
atsignificance.However,thedifferencesofruralimageelements
indifferentregionsandtypesareobvious,andthediscriminati
onandstudyofruralimageelementsthataredifferentfromthe
urbanimageareofgreatsignificancetotheruraldesign.1.2.1d
istrictAlargeareaofthecityinwhichobserverscanenterorl
eaveatwillandwhichhasacommoncharacter.Thistypeofneigh
borhoodhasadistincttheme.Ingeneral,thisthemecanbehighl
ightedfromtheaspectsofculture,characteristics,space,form,
details,symbols,USES,activities,residents,maintenancelevel
andeventopography.Thecohesionofthesethematicfeatures,th
roughpeople''simaginationandcomprehension,willformpeople''s
imageofthecharacteroftheblock.1.2.2edgeThelinearcomponen
tofacitythatisnotconsideredagatewayisusuallythedivid
inglinebetweentwoareas.Lynchbelievesthatthebestedgeis
notonlyvisuallyobvious,butalsocontinuous,withnocrossing
function.1.2.3pathAnobserver''shabitual,accidental,orpotenti
almovingchannel.Suchasstreets,sidewalks,transportchannels
,canals,railways,etc.Lynchinvestigatedtheinfluenceofthe
expressway,thefunctionoftheroad,thespecialstructureofth
eroad,thefacadeonbothsidesoftheroad,thespatialcontinu
ityoftheelementssuchastrees,thedirectionoftheroadand
theformoftheurbanroadnetworkontheurbanimage,andbeliev
edthat"theroadisthekeytomanyindividualimages".1.2.4lan
darkPeoplerecognizecities,observethem,formimpressions,and
haveamemorableextroversionreferencepoint.Accordingtolynch
,peoplewhoaremorefamiliarwithacityareincreasinglyrelyi
ngonsignsonthegroundasguidestoenjoyitsunique,exclusiv
echaracter.1.2.5nodeKeypointsthattheobservercanenterand
thatcanimpress.Typicalnodesinacityaremainlycomposedof
roadintersections,squares,subwaystations,etc.,suchastian
''anmensquareinBeijing.Generally,peopleregardbuildings,stru
cturesandsignswithobviousersonalityasthesignstoundersta
ndacity,butallthefiveelementsareofgreatsignificanceto
thedeconstructionofacity,andthecombinationofallelement
sisthecomprehensiveimageofacity,whichisunique,uniquea
ndnon-repetitive[5].2.Designcaseofurbanimagetheory——urban
designofnancheng,dongguancityDongguaninternationalbusiness
districtislocatedindongguancity,guangdongprovince,south
BeijingCBDareaof214.25hectares,thecentralareaislocated
indongguancityinsouthcentralactivityarea,betweentheadmi
nistrativeandculturalcenterandsouthheadquarters,geographic
allocationissuperior,theCBDoftheoveralldesignconceptto
createcomplexdiverse,stereo,ecologicalandpleasantcitycen
terdistrict.2.1districtFunctionalzoning:itismainlydivided
intothreefunctionalzones:north,middleandsouth.Thenorther
nzonecontinuesthefunctionsoftheadministrativeandcultural
centerandisplannedasafinancialbusinessdistrict.Combined
withthecomprehensivedevelopmentoftherailstation,thecent
ralareaisplannedasaninternationalconsumptionarea.Thesou
thernareaisplannedasaninnovationzoneforscienceandtrade
,connectingwiththeheadquartersbaseofnancheng.2.2edgeTheo
rderlyspaceofthestreetinterfacenotonlyguidesthepedestri
ans,butalsobringsabetterspatialvisualexperience.Theunif
iedretractionofbuildingsisconducivetotheformationofabe
autifulandharmoniousurbanstreetinterface.Therhythmicfluct
uationoftheskylinebringsabetterspatialexperienceandenha
ncesthesenseofsequenceandrhythmoftheopenspace.2.3pathI
ntermsoftransportationsystem,dongguaninternationalbusiness
districtadherestotheprincipleof"smallstreetsanddensero
adnetwork",andiscloselyconnectedwiththerailtransittobu
ildathree-dimensionalandmulti-layerslowtravelnetwork.The
pathplaystheroleofcontrollingthetrafficandaxis,andthe
walkingspaceiscontinuous,safeandcomfortable,whichincrease
stheattraction.Thescaleofthespaceprovidesacomfortablee
nvironmentforthespace.2.4landmarkThelandmarkbuildingsofth
ethreeareasarecombinedwiththecentralsquareofthearea,a
ndtheimportanttowerblocksarearrangedintheweeklymapoft
hesquare.Formeachareabuildinggroup.Placethelandmarksat
thegatewayandboundaryofthearea.Importantbuildingsandloc
alemphasisonthetreatmentofthebuilding,markingthediffere
ntheightsofthebuildingtoenrichtheskyline,providingthef
lowofpeoplefromtheexternalreferenceexperience.2.5nodePubl
icopenspacesignnodeisapublicareaconstructedbysquaresp
aceandgreening.Throughthenorth-southopenspacecorridorof
thebase,thelongitudinalaxisofpublicspaceisformed.Theno
rthernendoftheaxiscorrespondstothegovernmentaxis,andfr
omnorthtosouthitpassesthroughthefinancialdistrict,thec
onsumptiondistrictandthescienceandtradedistrict.Andinth
ethreeareasofthecorelocationofthelayoutofthreecentral
squares.Thecentralsquaresurroundingthebuildinginterfacei
sunified,thesenseofencircleisstrong,thebuildingandthe
squareprovidepleasantspatialscalefeeling.Theregionformsa
frameworkbynodesandlimitsthespacebyboundaries.Theroads
andlandmarksarescatteredthroughouttheregion,andvariousel
ementsoverlapandcomplementeachotherregularly.Intheproces
sofurbandesign,weshouldcarefullyconsidereveryaspect,so
astocreateacitydesignthatmeetsthedevelopmentrequirement
sonthemacrolevel.3.Thepracticeofurbanimagetheoryinthe
scheme--landscapegardendesignThisprojectisdesignedforth
efourthyearofthecurriculum,landscapedesigncanbeundersto
odasacomprehensiveapplicationoftheknowledgeofarchitectur
eandurbanplanning.3.1designrequirementsInordertodevelopl
eisureagricultureandruraltourismandcreateanewstyleof"C
hina''sbeautifulidyllic--peachblossomlandscapeinhewan",we
plantocarryoutlandscapeplanningof10,000mupeachgardeni
ntheecologicalsightseeingagriculturedemonstrationareaofCh
ina''speachland.Itisrequiredtodesignatouristreceptionce
nterof3000squaremeters,includingpeachculturedisplay,tour
istreception,casualdining,tearoom,souvenirsalesandother
functions.1ecologicalgreenhouseof300squaremeters,usedfor
breedinganddisplayofnewvarieties;1viewingpavilionandga
llery;Organicvegetableandfruitpickinggardens;Picnicandba
rbecuearea;Asmalleco-farmandaparkinglot.3.2baseoverview
Thebaseislocatedinliupingtownship,4000meterseastofthe
cityofqin''ancounty.Theterrainislowinthewestandhighi
ntheeast.3.3schemedesignBecausethewholeterrainisdistribu
tedinaladder,slopingfromnortheasttosouthwest,itisdivid
edintodifferentgroupsaccordingtotheterrainanddesignrequ
irements,formingtheplanningstructureof"oneaxis,twobelts
andsixzones".Abstractthehistoricpotteryvaseofqinandadi
bayheadasawatersystem,runningthrougheacharea,andthene
ndowthelocalculturewithspecificnodesineacharea,sothat
ithasaspeciallocalflavor.3.4theoreticalpractice3.4.1distr
ictAccordingtodifferentfunctions,differentareasarearranged
inthetourroute.Therearesixareasintotal:thetouristrec
eptioncenterislocatedattheentranceofthescenicspot,and
thereisaparkinglotontheeastside;Theviewingsquareislo
catedonthenorthelevationofthereceptioncenterandisused
forperformances.Thebarbecueareaislocatedatthenorthend.
Thegreenhousecanprovidefoodmaterialsandplantingandbreedi
ngforthebarbecuearea.Theparent-childexperienceareaisarr
angedincombinationwiththewatersystem.Ecologicalfarmcanr
aisesmallanimals;Fruitandvegetablepickingareaplantedappl
e,peachandotherfruittrees,springflowerautumnfruitpickin
g;Museumsareusedtodisplayhistoricalartifactsortoholdex
hibitionsinconjunctionwithlocalculture.3.4.2edgeCompositeo
faquaticenvironmentofbuildingsandgreenspaceofeachfuncti
onalpartition,theroadsystemistoassumetheroleoftheboun
dary,nodeandviewinggalleryforminterface,attheborderast
heterrainandbuildingsofdifferentheightsalsoenrichedthes
tereospaceinterface,nightlightingconfigurationalsomadethe
imageoftheborder,boundaryspaceandhelptoimprovetheenvi
ronmentsurroundclosefeeling.3.4.3pathGardenroadconfiguratio
nisdividedintoinside,andpedestrians,thecarismainlyused
forroadcarriageofgoodsbyparkandfirefighting,oneparti
ntotheviewonthepromenade,therestfortheconnectionofeac
hfunctionalareasmallroad,winding,steponescene,fulloffu
n,visitorscanseetheparkindifferentanglesofvariousviews
andvegetation.3.4.4landmarkTheparkismarkedbyamemorialar
chwayattheentrance,avisitorreceptioncenterandamuseum.T
hetouristreceptioncenter,asthegatewayofthescenicspot,h
astwofloorsandadoptsthenewChinesestyletoprovidetourist
swithservicessuchasticketsales,consultation,cateringand
retail.Asanexhibitionbuildinginthescenicarea,thefolkmu
seumislocatedinthehighlands,withatotalofonefloor,comb
inedwiththelayoutoftheriversystem,asaplaceforexhibiti
onandstay,andalandmarkbuildingfortheendofthelandscape
3.4.5nodeAstheplanningdesignislandscapedesign,sothelayo
utofnodesaremore,anddistributedineacharea.Withtheelev
ationoftheterrain,eachnodeislocatedatadifferentheight.
Withtheadvanceofthelandscapecorridor,thenodeofthepavi
lioninthemiddleofthelakeinthenorthpoolbecomesaturnin
gpoint,andthentheclimaxisformedtothemuseumofhomestay.
Thedistributionofnodesconstitutesthesequenceoflandscape
inthegardenandalsoenrichesthecompositionofthegarden.4.
TosummarizeOurgovernmentandthewholesocietyinrecentyears
inthecountrysideconstructioninthefieldofallkindsofinve
stmentisverybig,butfromthenationallevel,havenotbeenco
mprehensiveimprovementandimproveruralculture,ruralculture
assimilationofurbanization,andlow-qualityisplayingamorea
ndmoreoutstanding,aseriesofproblems,suchascopyingcitym
odel,outofthecountry,actuallythecountrystyle,andtherei
sstillsomeoutstandingproblemsinaspectsofnaturalecology.
Urbanimageofurbanspaceshapeisstrong,butwiththeconstruc
tionofthecity,alotofcitiesinthecentraldistrictconstru
ctionmodelofCBDarea,andtheuseofthefixedmodeisboundt
oleadtothousandsofthecitysurfacephenomenonappears,inth
eprocessofruralplanning,considerationshouldbegiveninthe
imageofthespecifictothecitytothecountry''sintentionsto
build,suchasaddlocaluniquecultureinlandscapedesign,etc
.,intothelocalcharacteristics,makeitbecomearegionalchar
acteristicofarchitectureandplanning.Rurallandscapeimagecan
beinterpretedasmanypeopleintherurallandscapeimagefeatu
resofconcreteandformedinpeople''smindreflectstheessentia
lcharacteristicsofrurallandscapeoverallimpression,andChin
a''srurallandscapeimageisintheprocessofpeople''scognition
oftherurallandscapeintheChinesetraditionof"natureandh
umanity","heavenknowswhatthepersonnel"philosophyunderthe
guidanceofgraduallyformed,suchas"commonpsychologicalimage
",a"xanadu"poeticmagnet,isthelivingenvironmentoftheChi
neseidealpicturepursuit[6].Thepracticeoftheurbanimaget
heoryinthegardendesignalsoreflectsthesimilaritiesanddif
ferencesbetweenthecityandthecountryside.Therefore,inthe
design,weshouldputpeoplefirst,seektheconnectionwiththe
site,takemeasuresaccordingtothelocalconditions,andshould
combinewiththelocalculturetodesignandplanthespacethat
ADAPTStothesite.reference[1]dongwei.Researchontheideolo
gicalsystemframeworkofurbandesignbyKevinlynch[D].Harbin
:master''sthesisofHarbinInstituteofTechnology,2006.[2]she
nyipeople.Urbancharacteristicsandurbanimage[J].Urbanpro
blems,2004.[3]Kevinlynch.Cityimage[M].Translatedbyfangy
ipingandhexiaojun.Beijing:huaxiapress,2001.[4]liguoqin.
Landscapeimageandcommunitylandscapeplanning[D].Beijing:ma
ster''sthesisofBeijingforestryuniversity,2007.[5]Yangjian,
daizhizhong.AnalysisofKevinlynch''surbanimageresearchmet
hods[J].Journalofchongqinguniversityofarchitecture,2007.[
6]lihezhang.Reflectionsonruralimageandnewruralplanning
anddesign:acasestudyofdachangvillagerenovationplanning[
J].Anhuiagriculturalscience,2010.凯文·林奇《城市意象》理论认识与实践摘要：城市设计的著
名学者凯文·林奇开启了对城市意象研究的时代，在城市规划的理论中有着重要的地位。随着我国美丽乡村规划的建设，乡村风貌现状中存在着传统
乡村意象迷失与风貌品质下降的情况[1]，因此，在相关的规划设计中，城市意象的应用也较为广泛，在课程作业的过程中，我对此理论也有所认
识与应用。关键词：规划设计；城市意象；乡村意象；乡土特色0.引言在十九世纪与二十世纪交替之际,美国的城市规划以传统的城市景观
设计方法和田园城市理论为基础。强调城市设计为创造美好而有秩序的环境。到了二十世纪五六十年代,设计中的“形态决定论”面临着来自社会
学家的公开质疑和强烈挑战。[2]在这种背景下,美国城市规划与设计专家凯文·林奇结合对美国波士顿、泽西城和洛杉矶这三个主要城市的“
城市形象性”调查分析，出版了《城市意象》一书。1.城市意象理论凯文?林奇在书中写道：“一个高度可意象的城市（外显的、可读或是可见的
）应该看起来适宜、独特而不寻常，应该能够吸引视觉和听觉的注意和参与。”“这种城市具有高度连续的形态，由许多各具特色的部分互相清晰连
接，能够逐渐被了解。[3]”在林奇的观念中，可意象性需要建立在一定的空间序列之上，即他在书中所一再强调的“统一”与“连续”。如果一
系列可供“阅读”的意象元素能够被有序地排列在城市之中，那么，被组合在一个体系范围之内的诸多环境意象，就能够共同建立起一个容易被识别
的整体结构。1.1城市意象的概念所谓城市意象,是指由于周围环境对居民的影响而使居民产生对周围环境的直接或间接的经验认识空间,是人的
大脑通过想象可以回忆出来的城市印象,也是居民头脑中的“主观环境”空间。在一个城市中,大多数城市居民心中拥有的共同印象,即在单个物质
实体,一个共同文化背景以及一种基本生理特征三者的互相作用过程中,希望可能达成一致的领域。这就是“公众意象”这正是城市规划师所感兴趣
的问题,并渴望通过它创造出一个供众多人使用的环境[4]。1.2城市意象的五大要素凯文·林奇在城市意象研究领域的一个重要贡献是提出了
城市意象的五元素——道路、边界、区域、节点与标志物，以及由这五个元素组合而成的一套可意象理论及设计方法论。不少研究者将这套方法应用
于乡村意象尤其是村落空间分析得出的研究成果也很有意义，但是，不同区域、不同类型的乡村意象元素的差异性显而易见，区别于城市意象的乡村
意象元素判别与研究对乡村设计有着重要的意义。1.2.1区域指观察者可以在市区内随意进出其间,而且具有共同特征的较大区域。这类街区
具有鲜明的主题。一般可以从文化、特色、空间、形态、细节、象征、用途、活动、居民、保养程度甚至地形等方面烘托这一主题。这些主题特征的
凝聚,再经过人们的想象领悟,便形成了人们对街区性格的意象。1.2.2边界城市中不被视为通道的线性成分,其通常是两个区域的分界线
。林奇认为,最好的边缘不仅仅在视觉上明显,而且连续不断,具有不准穿越的功能。1.2.3道路指观察者习惯、偶然或是潜在的移动
通道。如街道、人行道、运输通道、运河、铁路等。林奇考察了城市中的高速公路、道路的功能、特殊的道路结构、道路两旁的门面、树木等要
素的空间延续性、道路的方向以及城市路网的形式等对城市意象的影响,并认为“道路是许多个体意象的关键”。1.2.4标志人们认识城市、
观察城市、形成印象、便于记忆的外向性参考点。林奇认为,对某一个城市较熟悉的人,越来越依赖地上的标识作为向导来享受城市独特、专一的
特色。1.2.5节点观察者可以进入、能够使人留下深刻印象的关键点。城市中典型的节点主要由道路的交叉口、广场、地铁站等组成,例如北京
的天安门广场。人们一般将具有明显个性的建筑物、构筑物、标识牌等作为认识城市的标志,但五种要素都对解构城市具有重要的意义,各个要
素间形成的组合才是人们对城市形成的综合意象,这种意象具有独特性、唯一性和不重复性[5]。2.关于城市意象理论的设计案例——东莞市
南城城市设计东莞市南城国际商务区位于广东省东莞市，商务区面积达214.25公顷，该片区位于东莞市南城中央活力区中部，行政文化中心与
南城总部基地之间，地理区位优越，CBD总体设计理念为打造复合多元的、立体的、生态的、宜人的城市中心街区。2.1区域功能分区:主要划
分为北、中、南三个功能片区，北部片区延续行政文化中心的职能，规划为金融商务区；中部片区结合轨道站点的综合开发，规划为国际消费区；南
部片区对接南城总部基地，规划为科贸创新区。2.2边界沿街界面有序的空间收放指引行人的同时也带来了更好的空间视觉感受，建筑物统一退线
有助于形成优美、和谐的城市沿街界面，有节奏的天际线波动带来更好的空间感受，加强开放空间的序列感和节奏感。2.3路径交通体系方面，东
莞国际商务区坚持"小街坊、密路网"，并与轨道交通紧密联系，打造立体多层慢行网络。路径起到交通和轴线的控制作用，步行空间连续、安
全、舒适，增加了吸引力，空间的尺度对空间提供了舒适的环境。2.4标志三大片区的标志建筑结合片区中心广场设置，在广场周图布局重要塔楼
群。形成各片区建筑组团。在区域的门户和区域边界等位置适当布置地标建筑。重要建筑及局部重点处理建筑，标志建筑的不同高度丰富了天际线，
提供人流从外部的参考体验。2.5节点公共开放空间标志节点是由广场空间和绿化构建的公共区域。贯穿基地南北向的开放空间廊道，形成纵向公
共空间轴线。轴线的北端与政府轴线对应,自北向南依次穿越金融区、消费区和科贸区。并在三个片区的核心位置分别布局三个中心广场。中心广场
周边建筑界面统一，围合感强，建筑与广场提供宜人的空间尺度感受。区域靠节点形成构架，靠边界限定空间，地区里纵横穿越的是道路，星罗棋布
的是地标，各种元素有规则地重叠、互补。在城市设计的环节中，我们在每一方面都要细心的考虑周全，才能够在宏观上创建出符合发展要求的城市
设计。3、城市意象理论在方案中的实践——景观园林设计此方案为大四设计课程作业，园林设计可以理解为建筑学和城市规划等学科知识的一次综
合运用。3.1设计要求为发展休闲农业和乡村旅游，打造“中国美丽田园——何湾桃花景观”新风貌，拟在中国桃之乡生态观光农业示范区进行万
亩桃园景观规划。要求设计3000平方米游客接待中心一座，包含桃文化展示、游客接待、休闲餐饮、茶室、纪念品出售等功能，可做成分散式；
300平方米生态温室1栋，用于新品种培育及展示；观景亭廊1座；有机蔬菜及果品采摘园；野餐烧烤区；小型生态农场以及停车场一处。3.2
基地概况基地位于刘坪乡，位于秦安县城东部四千米处，地势西低东高，呈阶梯状带形分布，有着众多的文化与优美的环境。3.3方案构思因整个
地势呈阶梯分布，由东北向西南倾斜，因此根据地势和设计要求划分成不同的组团，形成“一轴、两带、六区”的规划结构。将有历史底蕴的秦安大
地湾人头陶制瓶抽象为水系，贯穿各个片区，再将每个区中特定节点赋予当地文化，使其具有特殊的乡土气息。3.4理论实践3.4.1区域根据
功能的不同，将不同的区域布置在游览路线中，共有六大区域：游客接待中心位于景区入口处，东侧有停车场；观演广场位于接待中心北处高地，用
于节目表演；烧烤野餐区位于北端，温室可为烧烤区提供食材和种植育种，亲子体验区与水系相结合布置，有儿童娱乐项目；生态农场可饲养小动物；蔬果采摘区种植有苹果、桃等果树，春季赏花秋季采摘果品；博物馆结合当地文化用于展出历史文物或举行展览活动。3.4.2边界建筑与绿地水体环境叠合组成各功能分区，道路系统则承担了边界的作用，节点与观景长廊形成界面，在边界作为地形与建筑的不同高度也丰富了立体空间的界面性，夜晚中灯光的配置也使边界的形象明显，边界有助于提高环境的围合感和空间性。3.4.3路径园林内道路配置分为车行和人行，车行路主要用于园区货物运输和消防，人行路部分打造成观景长廊，其余为连接各功能区的小道路，曲折蜿蜒，一步一景，充满趣味感，使游客在不同的角度都可以观赏到园区的各处景观与植被。3.4.4标志园区内的标志为入口处的牌坊、游客接待中心及博物馆。游客接待中心作为景区门户景观，共两层，采用新中式风格，为游客提供售票、咨询、餐饮、零售等服务，和牌坊组成景区入口处的标志；民俗博物馆作为景区展览建筑，位于高地，共一层，与水系相结合布局，为展览、停留的场所，是景观收尾的标志建筑。3.4.5节点由于该规划设计为园林景观设计，因此布置的节点较多，且分布于各个片区。在入口处布置牌坊，随着地势的增高，各处节点也位于不同的高度上，随着景观廊道的前行，在北侧水池中湖心亭的节点设置成为了转折，其后至民宿博物馆处也形成了高潮。节点的分布，构成了园林中各景观序列，也丰富了园林的组成。4.总结我国政府和全社会近年来在乡村建设领域的各种投入是很大的，但从全国层面来看，乡村风貌并未得到全面的改善与提升，乡村风貌的城市化、趋同化和低质化等一系列问题显得越来越突出，照搬城市模式、脱离乡村实际、破坏乡村风貌和自然生态等方面的突出问题仍旧存在。城市意象对城市空间的塑造性强，但随着城市的建设，好多城市都在中心区建设CBD模式的区域，而这些固定模式的运用势必导致千城一面的现象出现，在乡村规划的过程中，应考虑将城市意象具体到乡村意向的营造中，如在园林设计中加入当地特有的文化等，融入当地特色，使其成为地区特有的建筑与规划。乡村景观意象可理解为人们对乡村中众多具体可见的景观形象特征及在人们脑海中形成的反映其本质特征的乡村景观整体印象，而中国乡村景观意象是人们对乡村景观的认知过程中，在中国传统“天人合一”“以天道知人事”等哲学思想指导下逐步形成的“共同的心理图像”，有着“世外桃源”般的诗意画境，是人居环境的中国式理想图景追求[6]。此次园林设计中对城市意象理论的实践也体现出了城市与乡村的异同。因此，在设计中，我们应该以人为本，寻求与场地间的联系，因地制宜，并且应该与当地文化相结合，设计规划出适应场所的空间。参考文献[1]董慰.凯文·林奇的城市设计思想体系框架研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2006.[2]沈益人.城市特色与城市意象[J].城市问题,2004.[3]凯文·林奇.城市意象［Ｍ］.方益萍，何晓军，译.北京：华夏出版社,2001．[4]李国钦.景观意象与社区景观策划[D].北京:北京林业大学硕士学位论文,2007.[5]杨健，戴志中.凯文·林奇城市意象研究方法辨析[J].重庆建筑大学学报，2007.[6]李合章.乡村意象和新农村规划设计的思考：以大庄村整治规划为例[J].安徽农业科学,2010. |
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